FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
DEC 13 2016
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 15-50044
Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. No.
8:10-cr-00188-JLS-1
v.
BICH QUYEN NGUYEN, MEMORANDUM*
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Josephine L. Staton, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted December 9, 2016**
Pasadena, California
Before: PREGERSON, NGUYEN, and OWENS, Circuit Judges.
Bich Quyen Nguyen appeals her conviction for conspiracy to commit wire
fraud, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1349. She alleges that the district court erred in
failing to use her proposed good faith jury instruction because the jury instruction
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
on the element of intent to defraud did not fully capture her theory of good faith.
Nguyen also claims that a separate good faith instruction was necessary because
the government shifted the burden of proof by commenting on Nguyen’s lack of
documentation to corroborate her testimony. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.
§ 1291, and we affirm.
Nguyen contends that the district court should have given a particularized
good faith instruction above and beyond the instruction on intent to defraud. Her
claim is foreclosed by this court’s precedents. “Our case law is well settled that a
criminal defendant has ‘no right’ to any good faith instruction when the jury has
been adequately instructed with regard to the intent required to be found guilty of
the crime charged, notwithstanding the normal rules governing ‘theory of defense’
requests.” United States v. Shipsey, 363 F.3d 962, 967 (9th Cir. 2004) (emphasis
in original). Here, the district court (1) correctly defined intent to defraud as “an
intent to deceive or cheat;” (2) used language regarding good faith that we
approved in United States v. Molinaro, 11 F.3d 853, 863 (9th Cir. 1993); and (3)
repeatedly instructed the jury that the government bore the burden of proving each
element, including intent, beyond a reasonable doubt.
Nguyen also argues that the government shifted the burden of proof during
cross-examination and rebuttal argument by implying that Nguyen had a duty to
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present evidence to corroborate her testimony. We have held that if the defendant
“takes the stand and testifies in his own defense his credibility may be impeached
and his testimony assailed like that of any other witness.” United States v. Palmer,
536 F.2d 1278, 1282 (9th Cir. 1976) (quoting Brown v. United States, 356 U.S.
148, 154-55 (1958)). We have also held that “[t]he prosecutor may comment on
the defendant’s failure to present exculpatory evidence, provided that the
comments do not call attention to the defendant’s own failure to testify.” United
States v. Mares, 940 F.2d 455, 461 (9th Cir. 1991).
Here, the district court instructed the jury that questions, statements,
objections, and arguments by lawyers are not evidence. The district court also
repeatedly instructed the jury that the government has the burden of proving every
element beyond a reasonable doubt and that the defendant does not have to present
any evidence to prove innocence. Additionally, when the government raised
Nguyen’s lack of corroborating evidence during its rebuttal argument, the
government immediately reminded the jury, “We have the burden.”
We hold that the government’s questions and comments were designed to
highlight the weaknesses in Nguyen’s version of events as presented through her
testimony and that they did not impermissibly shift the burden of proof to the
defense. Accordingly, no curative instruction was necessary.
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AFFIRMED.
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