Opinion filed February 2, 2017
In The
Eleventh Court of Appeals
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No. 11-15-00018-CV
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KEVIN GILLS, Appellant
V.
MARY HARRIS, Appellee
On Appeal from the County Court At Law No. 2
Midland County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. FM-48,655
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant, Kevin Gills, appeals from an “Order on Petition to Clarify &
Enforce Property Division” granted in favor of Appellee, Mary Harris. We affirm.
Appellant and Appellee were divorced on January 28, 2009, in Midland
County. In the divorce decree, the trial court awarded the parties’ house to
Appellant. The decree provided that Appellant “shall pay . . . and shall indemnify
and hold the wife and her property harmless from any failure to so discharge . . .
[t]he balance due, including principal, interest, tax, and insurance escrow, on the
promissory note executed and secured by a deed of trust on the real property
awarded” and that Appellant “will use his best efforts to attempt to refinance the
house solely in his name and if that fails will indemnify [Appellee] and hold her
harmless from his failure to discharge such debts” (emphasis added).
Because Appellant, in more than five years after the trial court entered the
divorce decree, had not yet refinanced the house as provided for in the divorce
decree, Appellee filed a “Petition to Clarify & Enforce Property Division.” She
asserted that the order to refinance the house was not specific enough for
enforcement by the trial court. Appellee asked the trial court to clarify the terms of
the order in a manner specific enough for enforcement by contempt. Appellee
further asked the trial court to specify a reasonable time in which Appellant must
comply.
The trial court granted Appellee’s request and entered its “Order on Petition
to Clarify & Enforce Property Division.” The order provided:
The Court further finds that such prior court order is not specific
enough for enforcement by the Court. Therefore, Petitioner’s request
for clarification of such prior court order is GRANTED pursuant to
TFC § 9.008.
....
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Kevin Gills shall refinance the
residence . . . in such a manner that the name of Mary Campbell (being
Petitioner, Mary Harris) is removed from any and all liability,
including but not limited to mortgage liability with Carrington
Mortgage Services, loan number 1001741501, WITHIN 90 DAYS
FROM OCTOBER 21, 2014.
Further, from November 1, 2014, forward, IT IS ORDERED that
Kevin Gills shall pay all principal, interest, escrow, and all other fees,
charges, and penalties due and owing, to Carrington Mortgage Services,
or the current mortgage holder of said residence, no later than the first
day of each month by check or money order mailed by certified return
receipt to the mortgage holder’s correct address. Kevin Gills shall keep
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all certified return mail receipts as proof of receipt by the mortgage
holder. IT IS ORDERED that Kevin Gills shall make payments in this
manner until said residence is paid in full or until further order of this
Court.
On appeal, Appellant presents three issues for our review. In Appellant’s first
issue, he argues that the provision that Appellant would use “his best efforts to
refinance the house solely in his name” is too indefinite to be enforced by the trial
court and was not therefore subject to clarification. “We review the trial court’s
ruling on a post-divorce motion for enforcement or clarification of a divorce decree
under an abuse-of-discretion standard.” Gainous v. Gainous, 219 S.W.3d 97, 103
(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, pet. denied) (op. on reh’g). A property
agreement, although incorporated into a final divorce decree, is treated as a contract,
and its legal force and meaning are governed by the law of contracts, not by the law
of judgments. Allen v. Allen, 717 S.W.2d 311, 313 (Tex. 1986); McGoodwin v.
McGoodwin, 671 S.W.2d 880, 882 (Tex. 1984).
Relying on Chavez, Appellant contends that the “best efforts” provision is not
enforceable because it is “so indefinite as to make it impossible for a court to fix the
legal obligations and liabilities of Appellant.” See Chavez v. McNeely, 287 S.W.3d
840, 845 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2009, no pet.). Appellee argues that,
because the term “best efforts” is open to more than one interpretation, it is
ambiguous and may be reformed by the trial court to correct the mutual mistake or
to reflect the true intent of the parties. Further, Appellee contends that the
reformation of the provision was properly accomplished by use of the clarification
proceeding brought by Appellee under Chapter 9 of the Texas Family Code. See
TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 9.008 (West 2006). We agree with Appellee. A property
settlement agreement may be reformed to correct a mutual mistake and to reflect the
true intent of the parties; thus, a clarification proceeding may be used to accomplish
that. Allen, 717 S.W.2d at 313. Appellant’s first issue is overruled.
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Appellant’s second and third issues concern whether the trial court abused its
discretion when it entered the clarification order. Under the Family Code, the trial
court has the authority to clarify a decree that is not specific enough to be enforceable
by contempt by entering a clarifying order that sets forth specific terms so that a trial
court can enforce compliance in acordance with the original division of
property. FAM. § 9.008(b). Appellant asserts that the trial court exceeded its
authority to clarify and enforce the divorce decree when it ordered Appellant to
refinance the house within ninety days and when it imposed an obligation on
Appellant that was not contained in the divorce decree. Specifically, Appellant
argues that the trial court’s “refinance order” and “payment order” functioned to
amend, modify, alter, or change the underlying property division set out in the
divorce decree. Section 9.007(a) of the Texas Family Code provides that “[a] court
may not amend, modify, alter, or change the division of property made or approved
in the decree of divorce or annulment. An order to enforce the division is limited to
an order to assist in the implementation of or to clarify the prior order and may not
alter or change the substantive division of property.” Id. § 9.007(a).
In the clarification order, the trial court ordered that Appellant was to
refinance the house within ninety days of the clarification order. In Issue Two,
Appellant contends that the order to refinance within ninety days would “certainly”
change the position that Appellant was in at the time he was ordered to pay the
mortgage because refinancing the mortgage would “within all probability, change
the term, interest rate, and monthly payment. Refinancing may require [] a down
payment, the payment of points, origination fees, survey fees, appraisal fees, title
insurance fee, and other fees payable at settlement.”
In the clarification order, the trial court also ordered Appellant to pay “all
principal, interest, escrow, and all other fees, charges, and penalties due and owing”
to the mortgage holder “no later than the first day of each month by check or money
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order mailed by certified return receipt to the mortgage holder’s correct address”
(emphasis added). In his third issue on appeal, Appellant argues that this part of the
clarification order imposed an obligation upon Appellant that was not contained in
the divorce decree.
In response to Appellant’s claims in his second and third issues on appeal,
Appellee directs us to Hollingsworth and asserts that Appellant has failed to identify
any new obligation imposed by the trial court in the clarification order. See
Hollingsworth v. Hollingsworth, 274 S.W.3d 811, 819 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no
pet.) (holding that the appellant failed to identify any new obligation imposed by the
clarification order that provided a precise time and place that appellant was to pay
appellee the amount of appellee’s obligation to the IRS). We agree with Appellee.
As to the second issue on appeal, we do not see how the changes that Appellant
asserts “may” occur to his position as a result of the trial court’s clarification order
are any different than those that might have occurred if he had refinanced the loan
soon after the divorce proceedings were final. Further, as far as Issue Three is
concerned, as in Hollingsworth, the imposition of a specific time and manner for
Appellant to pay his existing obligation did not amend, modify, alter, or change the
underlying property division. We cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion
when it entered its order to clarify the decree of divorce. We overrule Appellant’s
second and third issues on appeal.
We affirm the order of the trial court.
JIM R. WRIGHT
February 2, 2017 CHIEF JUSTICE
Panel consists of: Wright, C.J.,
Willson, J., and Bailey, J.
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