[Cite as J.S. v. T.S., 2017-Ohio-1042.]
COURT OF APPEALS
KNOX COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
J.S. : JUDGES:
:
: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J.
Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. John W. Wise, J.
: Hon. Earle E. Wise, Jr., J.
-vs- :
: Case No. 16CA18
:
T.S. :
:
:
Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Knox County Court of
Common Pleas, Domestic Relations
Division, Case No. 13DC08-0145
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: March 22, 2017
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee: For Defendant-Appellant:
MARY L. RANNEY DONALD GALLICK
1 South Main Street 190 North Union Street #102
P.O. Box 484 Akron, OH 44304
Utica, OH 43080
Knox County, Case No. 16CA18 2
Delaney, P.J.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant T.S. appeals the June 22, 2016 judgment entry of the
Knox County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶2} Defendant-Appellant T.S. (“Mother”) and Plaintiff-Appellee J.S. (“Father”)
were divorced on October 30, 2015. There were two minor children born as issue of the
marriage. The parties entered into a shared parenting plan, where Mother was the
residential parent. Father paid child support to Mother.
{¶3} Father filed a motion in contempt on May 11, 2015 after Mother failed to
return the children to Father on the date required by the shared parenting plan. Mother
also kept the older child out of school for two days without explanation. On May 11, 2015,
Father also filed a motion for modification or termination of the shared parenting plan.
Father requested that he be named the residential parent and legal custodian of the
children.
{¶4} The trial court appointed a Guardian ad litem for the children.
{¶5} Father filed a second motion for contempt on January 20, 2016. Father
argued Mother denied his parenting time the week of January 18, 2016 in contravention
of the terms of the shared parenting plan.
{¶6} The GAL filed his recommendation on April 29, 2016. The GAL
recommended the trial court terminate the shared parenting plan and name Father the
residential parent and legal custodian of the children.
{¶7} A hearing was held before the magistrate on May 11, 2016.
Knox County, Case No. 16CA18 3
{¶8} The magistrate issued her proposed decision on June 3, 2016. The
magistrate determined the evidence demonstrated there had been a change of
circumstances and it was in the best interests of the children that the trial court terminate
the shared parenting plan pursuant to R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a). The magistrate
recommended the trial court name Father as the residential parent and legal custodian.
{¶9} The magistrate used the child support computation worksheet to
recommend that Mother pay Father child support. In making the income calculation, the
magistrate found Mother was unemployed due to a work injury and had a pending
workers’ compensation claim. The magistrate found little testimony about Mother’s
inability to work. The magistrate imputed income to Mother in the amount of $16,848 and
found Mother received $1,800 in workers’ compensation.
{¶10} Father was able to provide private health insurance coverage for the
children. He was named the health insurance obligor. The magistrate ordered Mother to
pay 20% and Father to pay 80% of the “costs of the health care needs of the child that
exceed the amount of cash medical support ordered to be paid, if any, when private health
insurance coverage is not available or is not being provided in accordance with the
support order OR of the uninsured health care costs or co-payment or deductible costs
required under the health insurance policy, contract, or plan that covers the child, when
private health insurance coverage is being provided in accordance with this support
order.” The magistrate further ordered that Father be reimbursed for out-of-pocket
medical, optical, hospital, dental, or prescription expenses paid for the children.
{¶11} Finally, the magistrate considered Father’s motion for contempt filed on
January 20, 2016. In the motion, Father argued Mother unreasonably denied Father
Knox County, Case No. 16CA18 4
parenting time the week of January 18, 2016. Mother contended she was justified in
keeping the children from Father due to claims of sexual abuse made by one of the
children. The magistrate determined that upon investigation by law enforcement and
medical personnel, the sexual abuse claims were unsubstantiated. The magistrate found
Mother in contempt and ordered her to pay a $250 fine to purge her contempt.
{¶12} The parties did not file objections to the magistrate’s decision. No party filed
a transcript of the magistrate’s hearing with the trial court.
{¶13} By judgment entry filed on June 22, 2016, the trial court adopted the
magistrate’s decision.
{¶14} It is from this judgment entry Mother now appeals.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶15} Mother raises three Assignments of Error:
{¶16} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY CONSIDERING WORKER’S
COMPENSATION INCOME THAT APPELLANT WAS NOT AND IS NOT ACTUALLY
RECEIVING.
{¶17} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY ORDERING APPELLANT TO PAY
TWENTY-PERCENT OF HEALTH CARE COSTS FOR THE CHILDREN, AND ALSO
ORDERING HER TO REIMBURSE APPELLEE FOR HIS EIGHTY-PERCENT OF THE
CHILDREN’S HEALTH CARE COSTS.
{¶18} “III. AS THE TRIAL COURT’S FINDING OF CONTEMPT IS NOT
SUPPORTED BY THE RECORD NOR DOES THE JOURNAL ENTRY PROVIDE ANY
LEGAL REASONING FOR THE FINDING, IT SHOULD BE VACATED OR REMANDED
FOR A DE NOVO HEARING.”
Knox County, Case No. 16CA18 5
ANALYSIS
Failure to Timely Object and File Transcript in the Trial Court
{¶19} Before we address Mother’s Assignments of Error, we note Mother failed to
file timely objections to the magistrate’s decision of June 3, 2016 and she did not file a
transcript of the magistrate’s hearing for the trial court’s review. Mother filed a transcript
of the magistrate’s hearing in this Court with her appeal.
{¶20} Civ. R. 53(D) states in pertinent part:
(3) Magistrate's decision; objections to magistrate's decision
***
(b) Objections to magistrate's decision
***
(i) Time for filing. A party may file written objections to a magistrate's
decision within fourteen days of the filing of the decision, whether or not the
court has adopted the decision during that fourteen-day period as permitted
by Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(e)(i). If any party timely files objections, any other party
may also file objections not later than ten days after the first objections are
filed. If a party makes a timely request for findings of fact and conclusions
of law, the time for filing objections begins to run when the magistrate files
a decision that includes findings of fact and conclusions of law.
(ii) Specificity of objection. An objection to a magistrate's decision shall be
specific and state with particularity all grounds for objection.
Knox County, Case No. 16CA18 6
(iii) Objection to magistrate's factual finding; transcript or affidavit. An
objection to a factual finding, whether or not specifically designated as a
finding of fact under Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(a)(ii), shall be supported by a transcript
of all the evidence submitted to the magistrate relevant to that finding or an
affidavit of that evidence if a transcript is not available. With leave of court,
alternative technology or manner of reviewing the relevant evidence may
be considered. The objecting party shall file the transcript or affidavit with
the court within thirty days after filing objections unless the court extends
the time in writing for preparation of the transcript or other good cause. If a
party files timely objections prior to the date on which a transcript is
prepared, the party may seek leave of court to supplement the objections.
(iv) Waiver of right to assign adoption by court as error on appeal. Except
for a claim of plain error, a party shall not assign as error on appeal the
court's adoption of any factual finding or legal conclusion, whether or not
specifically designated as a finding of fact or conclusion of law under Civ.R.
53(D)(3)(a)(ii), unless the party has objected to that finding or conclusion as
required by Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b).
{¶21} Mother failed to file objections to the proposed magistrate’s decision
pursuant to Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b). Accordingly, we find Mother cannot assign as error on
appeal the trial court’s adoption of any factual finding or legal conclusion pursuant to
Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b)(iv). We note that authority exists in Ohio law for the proposition that
Knox County, Case No. 16CA18 7
Mother’s failure to object to the magistrate's decision does not bar appellate review of
“plain error.” In re B.H., 5th Dist. Fairfield No. 14-CA-53, 2014-Ohio-5790, ¶¶ 56-57 citing
R.G. Real Estate Holding, Inc. v. Wagner, 2nd Dist. Montgomery App. No. 16737, 1998
WL 199628(Apr. 24, 1998); In re Ortego, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No.1999AP05003, 2000
WL 330069 (Mar. 8, 2000); Batsch v. Tress, 11th Dist. Portage No.2000–P–0022, 2001–
Ohio–4343. However, the Supreme Court has cautioned against the over application of
plain error analysis,
The plain error doctrine originated as a criminal law concept. In applying the
doctrine of plain error in a civil case, reviewing courts must proceed with the
utmost caution, limiting the doctrine strictly to those extremely rare cases
where exceptional circumstances require its application to prevent a
manifest miscarriage of justice, and where the error complained of, if left
uncorrected, would have a material adverse effect on the character of, and
public confidence in, judicial proceedings. Schade, 70 Ohio St.2d at 209,
24 O.O.3d at 317, 436 N.E.2d at 1003; LeFort v. Century 21–Maitland
Realty Co. (1987), 32 Ohio St.3d 121, 124, 512 N.E.2d 640, 643; Cleveland
Elec. Illum. Co. v. Astorhurst Land Co. (1985), 18 Ohio St.3d 268, 275, 18
OBR 322, 327–328, 480 N.E.2d 794, 800.
Goldfuss v. Davidson, 79 Ohio St.3d 116, 121, 1997–Ohio–401, 679 N.E.2d 1099. The
plain error doctrine has been used to analyze whether the trial court erred in granting a
change in custody. Ford v. Ford, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2012 AP 03 0025, 2012-Ohio-
5454, ¶ 21.
Knox County, Case No. 16CA18 8
{¶22} Further, this Court has held, “where an appellant fails to provide a transcript
of the original hearing before the magistrate for the trial court's review, the magistrate's
findings of fact are considered established and may not be attacked on appeal.” Murray
v. Miller, 5th Dist. Richland No. 15CA02, 2015–Ohio–3726, ¶ 35; Doane v. Doane, 5th
Dist. Guernsey No. 00CA21, 2001 WL 474267 (May 2, 2001); State v. Leite, 5th Dist.
Tuscarawas No.1999AP090054, 2000 WL 502819 (Apr. 11, 2000); Fogress v. McKee,
5th Dist. Licking No. 99CA15, 1999 WL 668580 (Aug. 11, 1999); and Strunk v. Strunk,
5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT96–0015, 1996 WL 787981 (Nov. 27, 1996). When a party
objecting to a magistrate's decision has failed to provide the trial court with the evidence
and documents by which the trial court could make a finding independent of the report,
the appellate court is precluded from considering the transcript of the hearing submitted
with the appellate record. Green Tree Servicing, L.L.C. v. St. John, 5th Dist. Stark
No.2013 CA 00092, 2015–Ohio–1111, ¶ 18 citing State ex rel. Duncan v. Chippewa Twp.
Trustees, 73 Ohio St.3d 728, 1995–Ohio–272, 654 N.E.2d 1254.
{¶23} Accordingly, we review Mother's assignments of error only to determine
whether the trial court committed plain error in calculating Mother’s income, division of
out-of-pocket health care costs, and Mother’s contempt.
I. Mother’s Income
{¶24} Mother argues in her first Assignment of Error that the trial court erred in
calculating Mother’s income for child support purposes. In Booth v. Booth, 44 Ohio St.3d
142, 541 N.E.2d 1028 (1989), the Ohio Supreme Court determined the abuse-of-
discretion standard is the appropriate standard of review in matters concerning child
support. In order to find an abuse of discretion, we must determine that the trial court's
Knox County, Case No. 16CA18 9
decision was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable and not merely an error of law
or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
Furthermore, as an appellate court, we are not the trier of fact. Our role is to determine
whether there is relevant, competent, and credible evidence upon which the factfinder
could base his or her judgment. Tennant v. Martin–Auer, 188 Ohio App.3d 768, 2010–
Ohio–3489, 936 N.E.2d 1013, ¶ 16 (5th Dist.), citing Cross Truck v. Jeffries, 5th Dist. No.
CA–5758, 1982 WL 2911 (Feb. 10, 1982).
{¶25} The original shared parenting plan ordered Father to pay Mother child
support. Upon termination of the shared parenting plan pursuant to R.C. 3109.04(E), the
magistrate named Father as the residential parent and legal custodian. The magistrate
recalculated the parties’ child support obligations to reflect Father as the primary
caregiver. In Paragraph 19 of the June 3, 2016 magistrate’s proposed decision, the
magistrate stated:
Wife testified that she is unemployed due to a work injury. There was little
testimony regarding wife’s current workman’s compensation case except
that she has received one check in the amount of $1,800. There was also
little to no testimony about the specifics of wife’s inability to work. The Court
finds that imputing income to wife in the amount of $16,848 is appropriate.
{¶26} Mother argues the trial court abused its discretion when it considered
Mother’s award from workers’ compensation case as income. Mother contends her
testimony at the hearing demonstrated the workers’ compensation award was
speculative. In support of her argument, Mother refers the court to R.C. 3105.18. That
statute, however, governs the award of spousal support. Upon our limited review of the
Knox County, Case No. 16CA18 10
record, we find no plain error for the trial court to consider Mother’s workers’
compensation award. The magistrate’s finding of fact as to Mother’s workers’
compensation benefit is established and cannot be attacked on appeal.
{¶27} Mother contends the trial court also abused its discretion when it imputed
income to Mother in order to calculate child support. The statutory child support
computation worksheet includes space for the assessment of each parent's income,
which is defined, for a parent who is unemployed or underemployed, as “the sum of the
gross income of the parent and any potential income of the parent.” R.C.
3119.01(C)(5)(b). “In deciding if an individual is voluntarily under employed or
unemployed, the court must determine not only whether the change was voluntary, but
also whether it was made with due regard to obligor's income-producing abilities and his
or her duty to provide for the continuing needs of the child.” G.P. v. L.M., 5th Dist. Morrow
No. 16CA0005, 2016-Ohio-7955, ¶ 42 quoting Weisgarber v. Weisgarber, 5th Dist. Stark
No.2015CA00158, 2016–Ohio–676, ¶ 25 quoting Farrell v. Farrell, 5th Dist. Licking
No.2008–CA–0080, 2009–Ohio–1341, ¶ 20. The decision to impute income to a parent
is within the trial court's sound discretion. Id. citing Rock v. Cabral, 67 Ohio St.3d 108
(1993); Blakemore.
{¶28} The magistrate found Mother presented little evidence to explain why
Mother was unable to work. Based on the lack of evidence as to the voluntary or
involuntary nature of Mother’s unemployment, the magistrate imputed a minimum-wage
income to Mother. We find no abuse of discretion or plain error in the trial court adopting
the magistrate’s calculation of Mother’s income.
{¶29} Mother’s first Assignment of Error is overruled.
Knox County, Case No. 16CA18 11
II. Health Care Costs
{¶30} Mother contends in her second Assignment of Error that the trial court
abused its discretion by ordering Mother to contribute to the children’s health care
expenses based on Mother’s limited income. The trial court ordered Mother to pay 20%
and Father to pay 80% of the children’s uninsured health care costs.
{¶31} Father refers the Court to the child support computation worksheet which
calculated the parties’ combined annual income to be $89,871.62. Father’s percentage
of the combined income was 79.63%. Mother’s percentage of the combined income was
20.37%. Father argues the trial court’s division of the uninsured health care costs is in
proportion to the parties’ income percentages. Reviewing the child support computation
worksheet, we find the trial court’s division of uninsured health care costs is reasonable
and not an abuse of discretion.
{¶32} Mother next argues the trial court erred when it stated Father was to be
reimbursed for out-of-pocket medical and/or other healthcare expenses paid for the
children. We find that pursuant to R.C. 3119.32(B), the trial court is required to include
the referred to language in a child support order.
{¶33} Mother’s second Assignment of Error is overruled.
III. Mother’s Contempt
{¶34} Mother argues in her final Assignment of Error that the trial court erred when
it found her in contempt for her failure to follow the terms of the shared parenting plan
when she denied Father parenting time.
{¶35} On January 20, 2016, Father filed a motion for contempt alleging Mother
denied Father’s parenting time the week of January 18, 2016. Mother alleged Father was
Knox County, Case No. 16CA18 12
sexually abusing the minor children and was therefore justified in withholding the children
from Father.
{¶36} In Paragraph 22 of the proposed magistrate’s decision, the magistrate
stated:
Wife presented no evidence to substantiate her claim. Taking the totality of
wife’s actions regarding the allegations, the in-chambers child interview, the
guardian ad litem report, and the results of the investigation of the abuse
allegations the Court finds that wife failed to prove a justified defense.
{¶37} An appellate court's standard of review of a trial court's contempt finding is
abuse of discretion. Anderson v. Cameron, 5th Dist. Stark No.2008CA00042, 2009–
Ohio–601, ¶ 12, citing State ex rel. Celebrezze v. Gibbs, 60 Ohio St.3d 69, 573 N.E.2d
62 (1991). In order to find an abuse of discretion, we must determine the trial court's
decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable and not merely an error of law or
judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
{¶38} Mother contends the trial court made no factual findings or referred to case
law to support its finding of contempt. In making her decision that Mother was in contempt,
the magistrate cited to the in-camera interview, the guardian ad litem report, and the
results of the investigation into the abuse allegations. We do not have the benefit of the
hearing transcript, but we have reviewed the items in the trial court case file referring the
matter. Upon our review, we find no abuse of discretion for trial court to find Mother’s
claim against Father was unsubstantiated.
{¶39} Mother’s third Assignment of Error is overruled.
Knox County, Case No. 16CA18 13
CONCLUSION
{¶40} The judgment of the Knox County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic
Relations Division is affirmed.
By: Delaney, P.J.,
Wise, John, J. and
Wise, Earle, J., concur.