IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 16-1291
Filed April 19, 2017
STATE OF IOWA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
JUSTIN LEE GUNTER,
Defendant-Appellant.
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Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, Bradley J.
Harris, Judge.
Justin Gunter appeals after entering pleas of guilty to second-degree
burglary and domestic-abuse assault, second offense. AFFIRMED.
Mark C. Smith, State Appellate Defender, and Melinda J. Nye, Assistant
Appellate Defender, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Tyler J. Buller, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vogel and Vaitheswaran, JJ.
2
DANILSON, Chief Judge.
Pursuant to a plea agreement,1 Justin Gunter entered an Alford plea2 to
the charges of burglary in the second degree and domestic-abuse assault
causing bodily injury, second offense. On appeal, Gunter contends he was
deprived of the effective assistance of counsel because there is no basis upon
which a factfinder could find he had the specific intent to commit an assault and,
consequently, no factual basis supports his plea to second-degree burglary.
We review constitutional claims, such as ineffective assistance of counsel,
de novo. See State v. Schminkey, 597 N.W.2d 785, 788 (Iowa 1999). To prove
ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must prove (1) counsel failed to
perform an essential duty and (2) prejudice resulted. Id. “Where a factual basis
1
Defense counsel explained the plea agreement to the court:
Count I, burglary in the first degree, would be he would plead to
the lesser included burglary in the second degree, receive a ten-year
sentence and a thousand dollars fine. Both the time and the fine are
suspended. There would be a period of supervised probation with
placement in the residential facility from custody. I believe there’s a 125
LEI [a $100 law enforcement surcharge] and any restitution.
On Count II, an aggravated domestic assault, a two-year
suspended, the $625.00 fine suspended, all but seven days—all but
seven days suspended but credit for seven served. There’s a $100.00
domestic abuse fine or fee, Iowa Domestic Abuse Program, restitution,
and Count III [child endangerment] would be dismissed at defendant’s
costs, and all counts are running concurrent.
COURT: And the other case that you’re referring to, is that going
to be concurrent or consecutive to these?
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: The other case, the agreement—and that
other case number is FECR212005. The sentence in that case under this
offer would be run consecutive, but, again, that one is still pending trial.
The prosecutor and Gunter agreed this was an accurate statement of the plea
agreement.
Defense counsel also noted there was a no-contact order in effect, a charge of
the violation of which would be dismissed at Gunter’s costs.
2
North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 37 (1970) (holding that an accused may consent
to the imposition of a prison sentence even if he is unwilling or unable to admit his
participation in the acts constituting the crime).
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for a charge does not exist, and trial counsel allows the defendant to plead guilty
anyway, counsel has failed to perform an essential duty.” Id.; see also State v.
Gines, 844 N.W.2d 437, 441 (Iowa 2014) (finding insufficient basis to show the
three shots fired constituted separate and distinct acts supporting three counts of
intimidation with a dangerous weapon with intent and remanding to “give the
State the opportunity to establish a factual basis”).
We consider the entire record before the district court in analyzing whether
there is a factual basis for the plea. See Gines, 844 N.W.2d at 441.
The factual basis must be contained in the record, and the record,
as a whole, must disclose facts to satisfy all elements of
the offense. A factual basis can be discerned from four sources:
(1) inquiry of the defendant, (2) inquiry of the prosecutor, (3)
examination of the presentence report, and (4) minutes of
evidence. Moreover, we have held the record does not need to
show the totality of evidence necessary to support a guilty
conviction, but it need only demonstrate facts that support the
offense. . . . [W]e need only “be satisfied that the facts support the
crime.”
State v. Ortiz, 789 N.W.2d 761, 767-68 (Iowa 2010) (citations omitted).
The district court informed Gunter that to convict him on the burglary
charge, the State would have to prove that “on or about March 27th, 2016, here
in Black Hawk County, with the intent to commit an assault and having no right to
do so, you entered into an occupied structure.”
Intent “is seldom capable of being established by direct evidence.”
Schminkey, 597 N.W.2d at 789. But there is sufficient circumstantial evidence
that Gunter entered the complaining witness’s residence with the intent to commit
an assault. At the time of the offense there was an active protective order
prohibiting Gunter from contacting the complaining witness, who is the mother of
4
his child. On March 27, 2016, the complaining witness believed Gunter was in
jail for an earlier assault upon her. She answered a knock on her door to find
Gunter at the door. She turned and ran to her bedroom and tried to close the
door. Gunter followed her into her bedroom, pushing the door open. Gunter
struggled with her and pushed the complaining witness onto the bed; she
suffered scrapes and bruises from the encounter. Gunter grabbed their two-
year-old child and ran from the residence.
Gunter contends that since the assault did not occur until after the
argument there was no basis to conclude he had the intent to assault the
complaining witness upon entry of the apartment. However, there is no evidence
that the complaining witness consented to Gunter’s entry, and she ran to a
bedroom with Gunter apparently in hot pursuit as she was unable to close the
bedroom door before Gunter pushed it open. The record provides sufficient
circumstantial proof that Gunter entered the premises with an intent to commit an
assault. Because a factual basis exists to support the guilty plea, Gunter has not
proved his ineffectiveness claim. We affirm.
AFFIRMED.