John Legrand v. United States

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

No. 16-4035

JOHN LEGRAND,

Appellant

v.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA;
ERIKA FENSTERMAKER, U.S.P. Administrative Remedy Coordinator;
RYAN, U.S.P. Canaan Food Service Administrator;
POANE, U.S.P. Canaan Medical Service Director;
CAPTAIN BRECKON, U.S.P. Canaan;
WARDEN RONNIE HOLT, U.S.P. Canaan;
HENRY SADOWSKI, Northeast Regional Office Counsel

__________________________

On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
(District Court No.: 3:12-cv-0743)
District Judge: Honorable Malachy E. Mannion
__________________________

Submitted under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
on July 15, 2017

(Opinion filed: October 4, 2017)

Before: VANASKIE, RENDELL, and FUENTES, Circuit Judges
 O P I N I O N*
___________

RENDELL, Circuit Judge:

Appellant John Legrand challenges the final judgment entered by the District

Court in favor of Appellant awarding him damages in the amount of $2,500.00, but

refusing to grant him emotional damages. For the following reasons, we will affirm.

I.

Legrand, an inmate formerly incarcerated at the Canaan United States Penitentiary

in Waymart, Pennsylvania (USP Canaan), filed a negligence action against the United

States pursuant to the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. Section 2671, et seq.

The case arose from a salmonella-poisoning outbreak that occurred while Legrand was an

inmate at USP Canaan in June of 2011. Legrand claimed that he became seriously ill after

ingesting salmonella-tainted chicken. The United States conceded liability for the

salmonella poisoning. After a bench trial on damages, the District Court awarded

Legrand $2,500.00, but refused to grant him damages for emotional distress. Legrand

now appeals, claiming that the District Court erred in failing to award him damages for

his emotional distress. He further maintains that his award of $2,500.00 was inadequate.

*
This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
2
 II.1

A. Damages for the Emotional Distress Claim

We review legal decisions de novo, but findings of fact for clear error. DeJesus v.

U.S. Dep’t of Veterans Affairs, 479 F.3d 271, 279 (3d Cir. 2007). The District Court

properly held that Legrand was not entitled to damages for emotional distress.

Legrand argues that after ingesting the salmonella-tainted chicken, he began

experiencing a variety of physical symptoms. When those symptoms continued to persist,

he began to fear that his digestive tract had been permanently damaged as a result of the

salmonella poisoning. It is this fear that he claims constituted emotional distress for

which he should be compensated. However, two separate medical tests proved the

symptoms giving rise to Legrand’s distress were caused by GERD and a hiatal hernia,

conditions completely unrelated to the salmonella. A defendant cannot be held liable for

emotional distress accompanying illnesses completely unrelated to any fault of that

defendant. Cf. Lubowitz v. Albert Einstein Medical Ctr., N. Div., 623 A.2d 3, 5 (Pa.

Super. Ct. 1993). Thus, the District Court properly refused to grant Legrand emotional

distress damages.

B. Adequacy of the Amount of Damages

In reviewing the claim that the verdict was inadequate, we reverse only if left with

“the firm conviction that the award was so inadequate as to warrant interference at the

appellate level.” Tyminski v. U.S., 481 F.2d 257, 271 (3d Cir. 1973); see also Williams v.

1
The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1346(b). We have appellate
jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We apply Pennsylvania law in this FTCA
action. See DeJesus v. U.S. Dep’t of Veterans Affairs, 479 F.3d 271, 279 (3d Cir. 2007).
3
Martin Marietta Alumina, Inc., 817 F.2d 1030, 1038 (3d Cir. 1987) (noting that we will

not reverse a damages award based on its adequacy unless it “shocks the conscience”);

Appellant’s Brief at 13 (conceding this standard of review). We find no basis to upset the

District Court’s damages award. To start, Legrand’s damages were in line with damages

awards in other cases of Legrand’s fellow inmates who also suffered symptoms of

salmonella poisoning from the outbreak. See Rhines v. United States, 2016 WL 3671149

(M.D. Pa. 2016) ($3,000); Brinson v. United States, 2015 WL 3883582 (M.D. Pa 2015)

($350), aff’d, 634 F. App’x 352 (3d Cir. 2016).2 What is more, Legrand did not incur any

medical expenses or lost wages. Finally, the District Court noted that while Legrand did

in fact suffer on account of his salmonella, medical and prison records indicated that

Legrand had exaggerated the nature and extent of his suffering. A-12-13. Thus, we find

that the damages award does not “shock the conscience,” and we will affirm.

2
While Legrand distinguishes the facts of his case from those cases, the distinctions
between them do not lead us to conclude that the verdict here “shocks the conscience.”
4