[Cite as In re T.W., 2017-Ohio-8268.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
WARREN COUNTY
IN THE MATTER OF: :
T.W. : CASE NO. CA2017-06-079
: OPINION
10/23/2017
:
:
APPEAL FROM WARREN COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
JUVENILE DIVISION
Case No. 16-D000024
Andrew G. Ostrowski, 20 South Main Street, Springboro, Ohio 45066, guardian ad litem and
attorney for child
Eric V. Robinson, 24 Remick Blvd., Springboro, Ohio 45066, for appellant, T.G.
David P. Fornshell, Warren County Prosecuting Attorney, Kirsten A. Brandt, 520 Justice
Drive, Lebanon, Ohio 45036, for appellee, Warren County Children Services
Maxwell D. Kinman, 423 Reading Road, Mason, Ohio 45040, for appellee, CASA
HENDRICKSON, P.J.
{¶ 1} The mother of T.W. ("Mother") appeals a decision of the Warren County Court
of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, denying Mother's motion for a six-month extension of
temporary custody and granting permanent custody of T.W. to appellee, Warren County
Children Services ("WCCS").
Warren CA2017-06-079
{¶ 2} On February 17, 2016, WCCS filed a complaint alleging neglect, abuse, and
dependency. On the same date, the juvenile court conducted an emergency shelter care
hearing and placed T.W. in the temporary custody of WCCS. On March 23, 2016, the
juvenile court adjudicated T.W. neglected and dependent. On April 28, 2016, following a
dispositional hearing, the juvenile court ordered that T.W. remain in the temporary custody of
WCCS. WCCS moved for permanent custody on February 14, 2017 and Mother filed a
motion to extend temporary custody on March 20, 2017. The juvenile court held a hearing on
the motions on May 8, 2017 and heard testimony from the three caseworkers assigned to
this case throughout its pendency.
{¶ 3} Collectively, the testimony revealed that this case began on November 22, 2015
when Mother gave birth to T.W., who tested positive for cocaine. The hospital diagnosed
T.W. with failure to thrive in addition to detailing several other medical concerns, including
rigid muscles, inability to sit up and support his head, and trouble eating and swallowing.
Later in the case, doctors further diagnosed T.W. as suffering from a Chiari malformation of
the brain and possibly afflicted with a cancerous lesion in his brain. T.W.'s afflictions have
further prevented his development and will require at least weekly medical and therapy
appointments moving forward. T.W. will later undergo brain surgery.
{¶ 4} Mother voluntarily began working with WCCS under an in-home safety plan
following T.W.'s birth and developed a case plan for Mother. WCCS later amended this case
plan following the dispositional hearing to include the first putative father. WCCS later
removed this putative father from the case plan after genetic testing indicated he was not
T.W.'s biological father. Mother's case plan included completing drug and alcohol and
mental health assessments and following any recommendations therefrom, demonstrating
financial stability to WCCS, meeting with WCCS monthly and signing any requested
releases, and submitting to random drug screenings.
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{¶ 5} Beginning in January 2016, Mother voluntarily participated in her case plan
services by meeting with her caseworker, submitting negative drug screens, and engaging in
an inpatient drug and alcohol treatment program at First Step. Mother completed the first
phase of the program, but failed to complete the aftercare phase.
{¶ 6} In February 2016, Mother failed to appear for multiple visits, could not be
contacted, and T.W. missed a medical appointment, which collectively, prompted the
caseworker to search for Mother. A relative of Mother communicated to the caseworker that
Mother and T.W. were in Tennessee with one of Mother's relatives. The Tennessee
Department of Children Services located the relative, but not Mother or T.W. The relative
informed the Tennessee agency that Mother never left Ohio and was hiding from WCCS. In
turn, police executed a search warrant at Mother's last known location in Ohio. Police
located and removed T.W. and placed the child in the temporary custody of WCCS, and as
discussed above, emergency shelter care, adjudication, and dispositional hearings before the
juvenile court followed in the next few months.
{¶ 7} From February to March 2016, Mother attended an intensive outpatient drug
and alcohol program at Solutions. However, she left the program before completing it
because of a personal dispute with another program attendee. In April 2016, Mother
submitted random drug screens that tested positive for cocaine and marijuana. WCCS
referred her to another drug and alcohol program at Talbert House in May 2016. Mother
completed the initial assessment and Talbert House recommended standard outpatient
weekly drug and alcohol and mental health counseling. Mother completed the drug and
alcohol portion of the program, but failed to complete the mental health portion; therefore,
Talbert House discharged her from the program. During this period, Mother began
disappearing, failed to attend visits, and refused to disclose details of her current residence
to WCCS. Mother did not provide drug screens during these disappearances, but did provide
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two negative screens in July 2016 and one in November 2016
{¶ 8} In December 2016, Mother tested positive for cocaine. The following month,
Mother provided another positive test for cocaine and began another treatment program at
Access Counseling. Mother attended a few sessions, but her involvement with the program
did not extend into January 2017. On February 15, 2017, Mother gave birth to her second
child, who also tested positive for cocaine. WCCS removed Mother's second child from her
care and placed the child in a foster home. Shortly thereafter, Mother reengaged in drug and
alcohol and mental health counseling. As the case proceeded, WCCS moved T.W. to a
second foster home because the original home was unable to meet his long-term medical
needs. Due to the extensiveness of T.W.'s medical needs, WCCS amended the original
case plan a third time to require Mother to attend parenting classes and T.W.'s medical
appointments.
{¶ 9} Mother informed the caseworker of a second putative father. Initially, WCCS
was unable to contact this individual. However, WCCS made contact with him after Mother
informed the agency of the availability of his contact information through the sex offender
registry, as he is registered sex offender. The second putative father indicated to WCCS that
there was "no way" he was the father and that he "wanted nothing to do with it." He further
indicated that he had no interest in working towards reunification and refused to work with
WCCS because he was certain he was not the father.
{¶ 10} At the time of the permanent custody hearing, Mother had failed to complete
any of her case plan objectives. Mother did not provide verification of stable housing or
employment, failed to attend parenting classes and group sessions for those having children
with developmental disabilities, and only attended two medical appointments from June 2016
to November 2016. The last time Mother saw T.W. was on August 17, 2016 because she
stopped attending visits. Mother's disappearance included no communication with T.W. for
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more than 90 days. T.W.'s current placement is in a foster-to-adopt home that has additional
adoptive and foster children, including T.W.'s younger brother.
{¶ 11} Following the conclusion of the trial, the juvenile court denied Mother's motion
to extend temporary custody and granted WCCS permanent custody. The present appeal
followed.
{¶ 12} Assignment of Error No. 1:
{¶ 13} APPELLANT WAS PREJUDICED BY INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF
COUNSEL.
{¶ 14} Mother contends that absent her trial counsel's failure to file a motion for
paternity testing of the second putative father, the juvenile court would have granted her
motion to extend temporary custody because additional options for placement with the
putative father's family would have likely been discovered.
{¶ 15} Typically, a claim for ineffective assistance of trial counsel is not a proper
ground on which to reverse the judgment of a lower court in a civil case that does not result in
incarceration in its application. Rafeld v. Sours, 5th Dist. Ashland No. 14 COA 006, 2014-
Ohio-4242, ¶ 15. However, there is an exception for such claims in civil permanent custody
appeals. In re Tyas, 12th Dist. Clinton No. CA2002-02-010, 2002-Ohio-6679, ¶ 4.
{¶ 16} To prevail on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, an appellant must
establish (1) that his trial counsel's performance was deficient, and (2) that such deficiency
prejudiced the defense to the point of depriving the appellant of a fair trial. Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-88, 104 S.Ct. 2052 (1984); State v. Ullman, 12th Dist.
Warren No. CA2002-10-110, 2003-Ohio-4003, ¶ 43. Trial counsel's performance will not be
deemed deficient unless it "fell below an objective standard of reasonableness." Strickland
at 688. To show prejudice, a defendant must prove there exists "a reasonable probability
that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
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different." State v. Wilson, 12th Dist. Madison No. CA2013-10-034, 2014-Ohio-2342, ¶ 17.
A defendant's failure to satisfy one part of the Strickland test negates a court's need to
consider the other. State v. Hurst, 12th Dist. Brown No. CA2014-02-004, 2014-Ohio-4890, ¶
7.
{¶ 17} Contrary to Mother's claim otherwise, her trial counsel's decision to not move
the court for an order to have the second putative father submit to genetic testing to
determine paternity was neither deficient nor prejudiced Mother. There is no guarantee that
genetic testing would have identified the second putative father as T.W.'s biological father.
Mother's first supposition of T.W.'s biological father was incorrect. Additionally, Mother's
contention that such testing would have extended the case to allow more options for
placement is misguided because it relies on assumptions that the second putative father was
in fact T.W.'s biological father, that someone in his family would have been interested in
placement, and could provide a suitable placement that could meet T.W.'s extensive medical
needs. Moreover, although a paternity action could have forced the second putative father to
submit to genetic testing, it would not have forced him to participate in the case and observe
his role as father. Even assuming Mother's second guess as to T.W.'s father was correct,
the second putative father expressly refused to participate in the case. Thus, Mother's desire
to delay the granting of permanent custody for genetic testing is contrary to T.W.'s interest in
achieving permanence and the policy embodied in the child protective services statutes that
these cases be resolved expeditiously to achieve permanence. Therefore, Mother's trial
counsel was not ineffective for not moving for genetic testing of the second putative father.
{¶ 18} Accordingly, Mother's first assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 19} Assignment of Error No. 2:
{¶ 20} THE JUVENILE COURT ERRED BY DENYING APPELLANT'S REQUEST
FOR CONTINUANCE.
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{¶ 21} Mother contends the juvenile court erred in denying her motion for a six-month
extension of temporary custody because paternity testing of the putative father would not
have significantly delayed resolution of the case and any inconvenience to the parties,
witnesses, and juvenile court would have been minimal.
{¶ 22} We note Mother's assignment of error argues interchangeably that the juvenile
court erred by denying her motion as a motion to extend temporary custody and a motion for
a continuance. However, the motion before the juvenile court only requested a six-month
extension of temporary custody pursuant to R.C. 2151.415(D)(1). After thoroughly reviewing
the record, it is evident Mother did not request a continuance pursuant to Juv.R. 23. For
ease of discussion, we will first distinguish the differing standards between the two requests.
{¶ 23} The decision whether to grant or deny a motion for a continuance is left to the
juvenile court's sound discretion. In re E.W., 12th Dist. Warren Nos. CA2017-01-001,
CA201701-002, and CA2017-01-003, 2017-Ohio-7215, ¶ 21. Pursuant to Juv.R. 23,
"[c]ontinuances shall be granted only when imperative to secure fair treatment for the
parties." In making such determination, the juvenile court should consider the length of the
delay requested, the inconvenience to other litigants, witnesses, opposing counsel, and the
juvenile court, whether the requested delay is for a legitimate reason or dilatory and
contrived, whether the requesting party contributed to the circumstances giving rise to the
request, and any other factor relevant to the particular facts and circumstances of the case.
In re E.W. at ¶ 21.
{¶ 24} Pursuant to R.C. 2151.415(D) and Juv.R. 14, a juvenile court may extend a
temporary custody order for a period up to six months, if it determines by clear and
convincing evidence that the extension (1) is in the best interest of the child, (2) there has
been significant progress on the case plan of the child, and (3) there is reasonable cause to
believe that the child will be reunified with one of the parents or otherwise permanently
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placed within the period of extension. See In re H.G., 12th Dist. Clinton No. CA2014-11-014,
2015-Ohio-1764, ¶ 19. Hence, although Mother's argument frames a request for a
continuance and a request for an extension interchangeably, the standard for the juvenile
court to apply in determining whether to grant or deny such requests differs. In turn, Mother
brought her motion pursuant to R.C. 2151.415(D) and Juv.R. 14; therefore, we construe
Mother's assignment of error under the extension framework.
{¶ 25} "Notably, the [extension] statute provides only that the juvenile court may
extend the temporary custody order, not that it must do so." Id. at ¶ 20. Therefore, such
decision is subject to review under an abuse of discretion standard. Id. An abuse of
discretion is more than an error of law or judgment. Rather, it suggests the "trial court's
decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable." State v. Perkins, 12th Dist. Clinton
No. CA2005-01-002, 2005-Ohio-6557, ¶ 8. "A review under the abuse-of-discretion standard
is a deferential review." State v. Morris, 132 Ohio St.3d 337, 2012-Ohio-2407, ¶ 14.
{¶ 26} After thoroughly reviewing the record, we find the juvenile court did not abuse
its discretion in denying Mother's motion for an extension of temporary custody. At the time
of the hearing, Mother had been involved with WCCS for fifteen months and failed to make
any progress within her case plan. Mother had yet to fully complete one case plan objective,
disappeared for extended periods, and provided multiple failed drug screens. In re E.F., 12th
Dist. Clinton Nos. CA2016-03-003 thru CA2016-03-007, 2016-Ohio-7265, ¶ 36 (stating a
juvenile court "is not required to deny [a] permanent custody motion simply based upon the
groundless speculation that the [parents] might successfully complete [their] drug treatment, *
* * and remain drug-free"), citing In re J.C., 4th Dist. Adams No. 07CA834, 2007-Ohio-3783,
¶ 25.
{¶ 27} Mother contends the extension would have provided additional time for genetic
testing to determine the biological father of T.W. and possibly provide additional placement
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options with the second putative father's family. However, as discussed above, the second
putative father clearly expressed his disinterest with participating in the case and that he was
positive he was not T.W.'s father. The record does not readily indicate family members of
the second putative father interested in placement. Nor does it indicate that any such
hypothetical family members could provide a suitable placement. Rather, Mother speculates
that if genetic testing determines the second putative father is in fact T.W.'s biological father,
then he must have family to consider for possible placement. Mother's speculation about the
second putative father's family and her lack of case plan progress support the juvenile court's
determination that an extension does not provide reasonable cause to believe T.W. could be
reunified with his parents or otherwise permanently placed.
{¶ 28} Mother's speculation asked the juvenile court to put T.W.'s welfare on hold to
provide an additional six months to determine if her second guess at T.W.'s biological father
holds true. T.W. is afflicted with serious medical conditions and will require extensive care to
treat these conditions in the future. T.W. needs to know whom he may rely upon for his care
and nurture and with his certain health challenges, the only way to achieve this is by a stable,
permanent, and healthy, home environment. T.W.'s current placement is with a foster-to-
adopt family alongside his younger brother, and the family has indicated an interest in
adoption.
{¶ 29} Moreover, Mother does not contest the factual basis supporting the juvenile
court's decision granting permanent custody. In re H.G., 12th Dist. Clinton No. CA2014-11-
014, 2015-Ohio-1764, ¶ 24 ("juvenile court's finding that a grant of permanent custody to
[children's agency] was in [child's] best interest necessarily implied that an extension of
temporary custody was not"); see also In re S.S., 2d Dist. Miami No. 2011-CA-07, 2011-Ohio-
5697, ¶ 31-38 (holding a grant of permanent custody is in a child's best interest where a
parent fails to make any progress in his or her case plan and fails to remain drug free).
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Therefore, the juvenile court's decision to deny Mother's motion for an extension of
temporary custody did not constitute an abuse of discretion.
{¶ 30} Accordingly, Mother's second assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 31} Judgment affirmed.
PIPER and M. POWELL, JJ., concur.
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