J-A12036-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
ALBERT E. CUNEO IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant
v.
FINANCIAL DIMENSIONS, INC.
Appellee No. 1518 WDA 2016
Appeal from the Order September 8, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
Civil Division at No(s): AR-16-1258
BEFORE: OLSON, SOLANO and RANSOM, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED: OCTOBER 23, 2017
Appellant, Albert E. Cuneo, appeals pro se from the order entered on
September 8, 2016, granting a motion for judgment on the pleadings filed
by Financial Dimensions, Inc. (“Financial Dimensions”). Upon review, we
affirm.
We briefly summarize the facts and procedural history of this case as
follows. As gleaned from the record, in April 2015, Appellant parked his
girlfriend’s pick-up truck in Financial Dimensions’ parking lot and left it there
while he reported to work as a commercial truck driver. After the West
Mifflin Police Department received a telephone call about the vehicle, a
towing company removed it from Financial Dimensions’ lot.
On June 3, 2015, Appellant was convicted, in Magisterial District Court,
of the summary offense of abandonment of vehicles pursuant to 75
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Pa.C.S.A. § 3712. Appellant statutorily appealed that decision to the Court
of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, wherein the trial court vacated the
conviction after the Commonwealth failed to present witnesses against
Appellant.
Thereafter, on April 11, 2016, Appellant filed a civil complaint against
Financial Dimensions with the Magisterial District Court. Appellant alleged
that an agent of Financial Dimensions told him he could park in the lot, but
later called West Mifflin police to report that Appellant had abandoned the
pick-up truck. Moreover, Appellant alleged that Financial Dimensions’ agent
provided false information to the police about the length of time Appellant
the vehicle remained at the lot. Following a hearing, the magistrate entered
an order on March 3, 2016, granting judgment in favor of Financial
Dimensions.
On March 28, 2016, Appellant appealed that decision to the Court of
Common Pleas of Allegheny County. On April 11, 2016, Appellant filed a
four-count complaint with the trial court against Financial Dimensions,
alleging: (1) negligence seeking damages resulting from defense of false
charges; (2) interference with business and contractual relationships; (3)
trespass upon person and moveable property; and, (4) conversion of time,
money and legal rights. In response, Financial Dimensions filed an answer,
new matter, and counterclaim. Appellant filed preliminary objections to
Financial Dimensions’ counterclaim, which the trial court denied. Upon
review of the record, Appellant served various subpoenas on Financial
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Dimensions, Financial Dimensions’ landlord, the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation, the West Mifflin Police Department, Appellant’s girlfriend,
and the truck dealership where his girlfriend purchased the vehicle in
question. At the close of discovery, both parties filed motions for judgment
on the pleadings.
On September 8, 2016, the trial court entered an order, with an
accompanying memorandum, that granted Financial Dimensions’ motion for
judgment on the pleadings and dismissed Appellant’s complaint with
prejudice. This timely pro se appeal resulted.1 On appeal, Appellant
presents the following issues, pro se, for our review:
I. In considering an abandoned vehicle, does the Department
of Transportation (Department) or any other law presume
a land owner or one in control of private land, be in
possession of the vehicle because of where the vehicle is
parked?
II. Can possession of an abandoned vehicle manifest to one
who controls private land in a manner of giving authority
to sign a [v]ehicle processing form which consigns, or in
any way transfers possession of the vehicle to law
enforcement agents for removal and any other legal
process?
III. Did the trial court give a fair and full review and reach a
correct disposition of [Financial Dimensions’] motion for
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1 Appellant filed a pro se notice of appeal on October 6, 2016. The trial
court did not order Appellant to file a concise statement of errors complained
of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Instead, the trial court entered
an order on October 20, 2016, citing Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a), wherein it relied
upon its earlier, September 8, 2016 memorandum in support of its decision
to dismiss Appellant’s complaint with prejudice.
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judgment on pleadings in making its dispositive judgment
in this matter?
IV. Did the trial court give a fair and full review and correct
disposition of [Appellant’s] motion for judgment on the
pleadings in making its dispositive judgment in this
matter?
V. Did the trial court following review and disposition of
[Financial Dimensions’] motion for judgment on the
pleadings follow standard Pennsylvania [p]ractice to afford
[Appellant] opportunity to amend his pleadings for
re-service, and thereafter to receive an amended answer
to the amended pleas and additional actions?
VI. Did the trial court err by not permitting pleading
amendment for causes of action which could have resulted
in recovery under any theory as prescribed under relevant
Supreme Court procedural rule dispositions?
VII. Did the trial court cause prejudice in the proceeding
against [Appellant]?
VIII. Does a private property owner become liable for trespass
or conversion if [the] lawful procedure of removing any
vehicle from private property is not properly administered?
Appellant’s Brief at 8-9 (parenthetical and suggested answers omitted).
Initially we note that Appellant failed to follow the rules of appellate
procedure by dividing the argument section of his brief to this Court to
correspond with the questions presented. See Graziani v. Randolph, 856
A.2d 1212, 1216 (Pa. Super. 2004) (noting a brief containing argument
sections that do not clearly correspond to the questions presented violates
Pa.R.A.P. 2116(a)). We remind Appellant that, “[a]lthough this Court is
willing to liberally construe materials filed by a pro se litigant, pro se status
confers no special benefit upon the appellant.” Wilkins v. Marsico, 903
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A.2d 1281, 1284–1285 (Pa. Super. 2006) (citation omitted). “To the
contrary, any person choosing to represent himself in a legal proceeding
must, to a reasonable extent, assume that his lack of expertise and legal
training will be his undoing.” Id. However, here, to the extent that
Appellant’s arguments address the issues presented, we will examine them.
See Lundy v. Manchel, 865 A.2d 850, 855 (Pa. Super. 2004) (addressing
the merits of an appellant’s arguments to the extent they were similar to the
questions presented).
Appellant’s arguments are somewhat confusing, but overarching, so
we will examine them all together. Essentially, Appellant is challenging the
trial court’s decision to dismiss his complaint for a lack of viable causes of
legal action. He claims there was no legal justification for an agent of
Financial Dimensions to call the police to have the vehicle towed and that
under the doctrine of respondeat superior, Financial Dimensions and the
West Mifflin Police Department were responsible for his damages.
Appellant’s Brief at 29, 33-36. Appellant avers that someone from Financial
Dimensions gave him permission to park in Financial Dimensions’ parking lot
and, thus, he suggests he was a licensee and privileged to park there. Id.
at 30-31. Appellant argues that Financial Dimensions, as possessor of the
land, was subject to liability for harm caused by dangerous conditions
therein. Id. at 31. Appellant proposes that Financial Dimensions “created
its own danger” by: (1) not knowing how long the automobile had been on
its property, and; (2) “erect[ing] signs that were not compliant with the
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private parking lot sign posting law.” Id. Appellant claims that because
ultimately he was found not guilty of abandonment of vehicles pursuant to
75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3712, Financial Dimensions lacked authority to call the police
to have the vehicle towed. Id. at 36-39.
Appellant then challenges the trial court’s reasons for dismissing each
of the individual counts of his complaint. Id. at 39-52. With regard to the
first count of his complaint, Appellant claims the trial court erred in relying
upon the Motor Vehicle Code in determining that there were no grounds for
a civil action. Id. at 40. He suggests that he should be allowed to amend
this count of the complaint from negligence to “civil conspiracy.” Id. at 41.
With regard to the second count of his complaint, i.e. interference with
business and contractual obligations, Appellant claims that Financial
Dimensions interfered with “the various contracts on the vehicle held by” his
girlfriend. Id. at 43. Next, in relation to the third count of his complaint,
Appellant argues that the trial court “misconstrued the count as a suggestion
to conversion, when in reality it was trespass.” Id. at 44. He claims the
trial court erred in determining Financial Dimensions did not have possession
of the car, but that he is, nevertheless, entitled to damages for “emotional
and financial distress, forced payments to attain reversal of the initial
criminal conviction, and largely, for the pain of inconvenience and
embarrassment for publication on the docket as an alleged private parking
lot law violator.” Id. at 44-45. Finally, Appellant maintains that Financial
Dimensions “had to have known it was committing an illegal act of
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converting [] Appellant’s property under the strict definition [] for
conversion.” Id. at 46.
Our standard of review is as follows:
The standard of review of a grant of a motion for judgment on
the pleadings is limited. A motion for judgment on the pleadings
will be granted where, on the facts averred, the law says with
certainty that no recovery is possible. Since this matter presents
a legal question, the scope of review is plenary.
Dietz v. Chase Home Finance, LLC, 41 A.3d 882, 884 (Pa. Super. 2012).
“[J]udgment on the pleadings can be awarded on the basis that [an]
appellant[] failed to state a cause of action.” Aikens v. Baltimore and
Ohio R. Co., 501 A.2d 277, 279 (Pa. Super. 1985) (citation omitted). “If
[an] appellant[] attempt[s] to recover on a theory which is not recognized as
a matter of law, a grant of judgment on the pleadings is proper.” Id. “In
such case, a trial would surely be a ‘fruitless exercise.’” Id.
In this case, the trial court concluded:
Count I
I am dismissing this count because of violations of the provisions
of the Motor Vehicle Code upon which [Appellant] relies do not
serve as the basis for a civil damage action.
Count II
Count II is dismissed because the [c]omplaint does not set forth
any facts that [Financial Dimensions] was aware of and intended
to interfere with any contractual relationships.
Count III
This count fails to state a cause of action because [Financial
Dimensions] never exercised possession of the subject vehicle.
It was towed at the direction of the West Mifflin [P]olice
[Department] and remained in its possession, custody, or
control.
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Count IV
[Appellant] appears to be seeking reimbursement for time and
money lost in dealing with this matter. There is no case law that
recognizes this claim.
Trial Court Order and Memorandum, 9/8/2016, at 1-2.
Based upon our standard of review, our examination of the certified
record, and a survey of applicable law, we conclude that the trial court
properly granted Financial Dimensions’ motion for judgment on the
pleadings and subsequent dismissal of the complaint with prejudice. Upon
review, 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3712 (abandonment of vehicles), does not contain an
explicit, per se, or statutory right to recover damages for false
misrepresentations to authorities when vehicles are towed from private
property. Moreover, in alleging negligence in count I, Appellant failed to
plead or prove that Financial Dimensions owed Appellant a duty. See
Bilt-Rite Contractors, Inc. v. The Architectural Studio, 866 A.2d 270,
280 (Pa. 2005) (“[a] cause of action in negligence requires allegations that
establish the breach of a legally recognized duty or obligation that is causally
connected to the damages suffered by the complainant. The primary
element in any negligence cause of action is that the defendant owes a duty
of care to the plaintiff.”). Here, Appellant has not shown, and our
independent research has not revealed, a duty to a vehicle owner when
supplying facts to the police regarding the removal of a vehicle from private
property.
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Next, “[o]ne who intentionally and improperly interferes with the
performance of a contract (except a contract to marry) between another and
a third person by inducing or otherwise causing the third person not to
perform the contract, is subject to liability to the other for the pecuniary loss
resulting to the other from the failure of the third person to perform the
contract.” Walnut Street Associates, Inc. v. Brokerage Concepts, Inc.,
982 A.2d 94, 98 (Pa. Super. 2009) (citations omitted). The necessary
elements of the cause of action are:
(1) the existence of a contractual relationship between the
complainant and a third party; (2) an intent on the part of the
defendant to harm the plaintiff by interfering with that
contractual relationship; (3) the absence of privilege or
justification on the part of the defendant; and (4) the
occasioning of actual damage as a result of defendant's conduct.
Id. (citations omitted). Here, Appellant never alleged facts suggesting that
Financial Dimensions knew who owned the vehicle, or about any existing
contracts pertaining to the vehicle, when it was towed. Moreover, there was
no evidence of an intent to harm or interfere with those contractual
relationships. Financial Dimensions simply asked for a car to be towed off its
private property. There is nothing of record to suggest that its motivation
was to intentionally harm Appellant.
Appellant claims that the trial court misconstrued the third count of his
complaint, considering it a claim for conversion, rather than an averment for
“trespass upon person and moveable property.” Appellant’s Brief at 44.
However, his citations to two inapplicable cases from 1795 and 1965, do not
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lend support. See id. at 44. Moreover, upon review of count three of
Appellant’s complaint, he alleged that Financial Dimensions “committed
theft” and “exercised unlawful control over [Appellant’s] property with the
intent of depriving him of it.” Complaint, 4/11/2016, at 32, ¶¶ 37-38. As
discussed below, the language in Appellant’s complaint tracks the definition
of conversion. “The classic definition of conversion under Pennsylvania law
is ‘the deprivation of another's right of property in, or use or possession of, a
chattel, or other interference therewith, without the owner's consent and
without lawful justification [and] the exercise of control over the chattel
must be intentional.’” HRANEC Sheet Metal, Inc. v. Metalico
Pittsburgh, Inc., 107 A.3d 114, 119 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citation omitted).
Thus, the trial court properly treated the third count of Appellant’s complaint
as sounding in conversion. Moreover, we agree with the trial court’s
conclusion that Financial Dimensions never possessed the vehicle and,
therefore, did not exercise control over it. Finally, we note that “the
measure of damages for conversion is the market value of the converted
property at the time and place of conversion[.]” Lynch v. Bridges & Co.
Inc., 678 A.2d 414, 415 (Pa. Super. 1996). Thus, Appellant was not
entitled to out-of-pocket expenses or for his time as alleged in count four of
his complaint.
Finally, as mentioned, at count four of his complaint, Appellant sought
reimbursement for his time and expenses in litigating this matter. Upon
review of Appellant’s appellate brief, Appellant solely argues that he is
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entitled to damages for conversion. As stated, he would not be entitled to
out-of-pocket expenses or monetary reimbursement of his time under a
theory of conversion. Lynch, supra. Thus, the trial court was correct when
it concluded that there was no case law recognizing Appellant’s final claim.
Moreover, we note that because there are no cognizable causes of action,
Appellant is not entitled to any damages.
For all of the foregoing reasons, we conclude that the trial court
properly granted judgment on the pleadings in favor of Financial Dimensions
and aptly dismissed Appellant’s complaint with prejudice.
Finally, we note that Appellant filed an application for relief with this
Court on April 6, 2017. In that filing, Appellant suggests that his damages
in this case total $67,729.57, which exceed the $50,000.00 limit on
arbitration proceedings. Appellant’s Petition to Set Aside Controversy Limit,
4/6/2017, at 3. However, because we determined that the trial court
properly entered judgment on the pleadings in favor of Financial Dimensions,
there is no controversy, rendering Appellant’s request moot. See
Warmkessel v. Heffner, 17 A.3d 408, 413 (Pa. Super. 2011) (“If an event
occurs that renders impossible the grant of the requested relief, the issue is
moot[.]”).
Order affirmed. Appellant’s petition to set aside judicial controversy
limit for disposition of appeal and judgment denied as moot.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 10/23/2017
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