COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
UNPUBLISHED
Present: Judges Alston, Chafin and Senior Judge Haley
ZORIJA CASTILLO
MEMORANDUM OPINION*
v. Record No. 0859-17-3 PER CURIAM
NOVEMBER 14, 2017
CATHERINE BELL
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ROCKBRIDGE COUNTY
Anita D. Filson, Judge
(Melvin L. Hill, on brief), for appellant.
(Robin J. Mayer; Blue Ridge Legal Services, on brief), for appellee.
Zorija Castillo appeals an order denying her petition to set aside the adoption of her two
children. Castillo argues that the “trial court erred in finding that the appellee did nothing to prevent
appellant from learning of her petition for adoption.” Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the
parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the
decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.
BACKGROUND
Castillo is the biological mother to two children, born in 2004 and 2005. In 2006, the
Roanoke City Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court removed the children from
Castillo’s custody due to abuse or neglect. In 2007, the children were placed in the custody of
Catherine and Fleming Bell, the children’s paternal grandparents. In 2009, the Bells moved from
Roanoke City to Rockbridge County. They provided notice of the change of address to the
Roanoke City Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court, but asked that their address be
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
kept under seal. Castillo also asked the Roanoke City Juvenile and Domestic Relations District
Court to keep her address confidential. On March 11, 2010, the Bells filed a petition for
adoption of the children. The Bells proceeded by order of publication in a newspaper in
Rockbridge County. The final order of adoption was entered on June 21, 2010.
On April 4, 2016, Castillo filed a petition to set aside the adoption. She alleged that she
was never served with notice of the adoption proceeding and that she did not consent to the
adoption. A hearing was held on April 14, 2017. Castillo testified that she learned of the
adoption in 2010. On May 2, 2017, the trial court entered a final order denying Castillo’s
petition to set aside the adoption. The final order includes the trial court’s findings, including
that there was no evidence of fraud on the part of Catherine Bell1 and that she did nothing to
prevent Castillo from learning about the adoption. The trial court further found that it was “not
appropriate” to set aside the adoption that was granted more than six months ago. This appeal
followed.
ANALYSIS
Castillo argues that the trial court erred in finding that Bell “did nothing to prevent
[Castillo] from learning of her petition for adoption.”
Castillo endorsed the final order as “Seen and objected to” without further explanation.
She did not file any post-trial motions. The written statement of facts does not include the
parties’ closing arguments or objections to the trial court’s ruling.
A statement of “seen and objected to” is insufficient to preserve an issue for appeal. Lee
v. Lee, 12 Va. App. 512, 515, 404 S.E.2d 736, 738 (1991) (en banc). An endorsement of “seen
and objected to,” however, is sufficient “if ‘the ruling made by the trial court was narrow enough
to make obvious the basis of appellant’s objection.’” Herring v. Herring, 33 Va. App. 281, 286,
1
Fleming Bell was deceased at the time of April 14, 2017 hearing.
-2-
532 S.E.2d 923, 927 (2000) (quoting Mackie v. Hill, 16 Va. App. 229, 231, 429 S.E.2d 37, 38
(1993)).
As noted above, the trial court made several findings in its final order. Castillo chose to
appeal only one of those findings. The trial court’s ruling was not narrow enough to “make
obvious” Castillo’s objection. Id.
Moreover, even if we were to assume that Castillo preserved her argument for appeal, the
record proves that the adoption was finalized on June 21, 2010, and Castillo was aware of the
adoption in 2010. Despite learning of the adoption in 2010, she did not file a petition to set aside
the adoption until 2016. Code § 63.2-1216 prevents Castillo from attacking the final order of
adoption.2 However, in F.E. v. G.F.M., 35 Va. App. 648, 547 S.E.2d 531 (2001) (en banc), this
Court found that the grandmother acted fraudulently and that Code § 63.2-1216 was
unconstitutional in light of the facts in that particular case. Here, the trial court found that there
was no evidence of fraud on the part of Catherine Bell, and appellant did not appeal this finding.
Consequently, the trial court did not err in finding that it was “not appropriate to set aside the
adoption granted on June 21, 2010.”
Catherine Bell requests an award of “attorney’s fees to her counsel, Blue Ridge Legal
Services, for use in its program of indigent representation.” See O’Loughlin v. O’Loughlin, 23
2
Code § 63.2-1216 states,
After the expiration of six months from the date of entry of any
final order of adoption from which no appeal has been taken to the
Court of Appeals, the validity thereof shall not be subject to attack
in any proceedings, collateral or direct, for any reason, including
but not limited to fraud, duress, failure to give any required notice,
failure of any procedural requirement, or lack of jurisdiction over
any person, and such order shall be final for all purposes.
-3-
Va. App. 690, 695, 479 S.E.2d 98, 100 (1996). On consideration of the record before us, we
deny her request for an award of attorney’s fees.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.
Affirmed.
-4-