MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions
Decision: 2017 ME 238
Docket: Yor-17-271
Submitted
On Briefs: November 29, 2017
Decided: December 21, 2017
Panel: SAUFLEY, C.J., and ALEXANDER, MEAD, JABAR, HJELM, and HUMPHREY, JJ.
IN RE BENTLEE G. et al.
PER CURIAM
[¶1] The father of Bentlee G. and Brenton G. appeals from a judgment of
the District Court (Springvale, Janelle, J.) terminating his parental rights to
Bentlee G., pursuant to 22 M.R.S. § 4055(1)(A)(1)(a) and (B)(2)(a), (b)(i)-(ii)
(2016), and finding jeopardy as to Brenton G., pursuant to 22 M.R.S. § 4035(2)
(2016). The father challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support (1) the
court’s finding of parental unfitness and its determination that termination was
in Bentlee G.’s best interest, and (2) the court’s finding of jeopardy as to Brenton
G. The mother of Bentlee G. and Brenton G. challenges the jeopardy order as to
Bentlee G. (Springvale, Foster, J.) entered on January 26, 2016. The mother
argues that the court’s finding of jeopardy as to Bentlee G. was “void for
vagueness.” To the extent that the mother’s challenges constitute a direct
appeal from the jeopardy order issued on January 26, 2016, it is untimely and
2
not properly before us. Because the evidence supports the court’s findings as
to both parents, we affirm the judgment.
I. BACKGROUND
[¶2] The court based its decision to terminate the mother’s and the
father’s parental rights as to Bentlee G., and its finding of jeopardy as to Brenton
G., on the following factual findings:
[The mother and father] are the biological parents of Bentlee
and Brenton. [The mother] has an older son . . . who was the subject
of an earlier child protection matter. . . .
[The mother and father] began their relationship in 2014,
while [the mother’s other son’s] case with the Department was still
pending. At that time, the Department required [the father] to
engage in services so that [the mother’s] reunification efforts with
[the mother’s other son] [would] not . . . be disrupted. . . .
. . . .
[The father’s] reunification plan required him to “provide a
safe and stable living situation that is free of unsafe individuals”
and “work with providers to ensure that his mental health is
appropriately addressed and learn the skills needed to care for his
children while still meeting his own mental health needs” and
“work with parenting supports to learn necessary skills to care for
his child and will demonstrate an understanding of these skills by
ensuring that the child’s needs are consistently met when he is in
[the father’s] care” and “engage in mental health counseling and
follow any and all recommendations made by his provider to
ensure that his mental health needs are being met.” Additionally,
the plan calls on [the father] to develop coping skills, obtain safe
and stable housing and learn appropriate parenting skills. . . .
3
[The mother’s] plan closely mirrored that of [the father’s]
and included managing her mental health needs, developing skills
to engage in healthy communications and relationships and to
identify safe and appropriate caregivers, acquiring the skills to
develop a lifestyle that promotes physical and emotional
well-being, obtaining safe and stable housing, learning to
appropriately manage medications, “managing her ‘gut reaction’ to
yell scream, etc.” when under stress, and to make decisions in the
best interests of her children notwithstanding any impact on her
romantic relationship and engaging in parenting classes in order to
learn necessary parenting skills and co-parenting skills.
[A] licensed clinical psychologist . . . evaluated [the father] on
October 26, 2016 and he issued his 23-page written report on
November 4, 2016. [The clinical psychologist] notes that [the
father] has an 11th grade education (lacks a GED) with a very spotty
employment record (never held a formal job for any length of time).
[The father] reported that he had been on disability for his entire
adult life but he could not provide [the clinical psychologist] with
information about the nature of his disability. [The father]
reported suffering chronic back and joint pain from multiple
accidents sustained while riding all-terrain vehicles (ATV’s). [The
father] reported a history of multiple arrests but was unsure of
whether he had served time in jail. [The clinical psychologist],
relying on the results of tests, questionnaires and other assessment
tools, reports that [the father] had a full-scale IQ of 76 (well below
average range) with a “mental status” score falling in the “dementia
range” with some impairment in his ability to interact with his
present environment. . . .
. . . .
[The father] remains in treatment with [a licensed clinical
social worker] pursuant to his reunification plan. . . . Although [the
father’s] progress was slow at first, [the licensed clinical social
worker] reports some progress over the summer and the fall and
[the father] has taken some positive steps to modulate his emotions
in stressful situations.
4
In response to concerns raised by the Department, [the
licensed clinical social worker] also worked with both [the father
and the mother] as a couple to aid in strengthening their
communication skills and to assess the risk for emotional violence
in their relationship. [The licensed clinical social worker] reported
both parents worked cooperatively in those sessions and gained
some insight from their work as a couple on how the dynamic of
their relationship will impact their children.
. . . [The father’s adult case manager] . . . is assisting [the father
to] retrieve his medical records, locate a primary care physician,
and obtain his academic records so that he can complete his GED.
[The father] also testified that he is researching vocational
rehabilitation services to help him secure training and employment
utilizing skills he has or is most capable of developing. Each of
these steps taken are addressing the “risk factors” identified in the
Court’s Order which could otherwise impact [the father’s] ability to
parent his sons.
[The mother’s] therapist . . . echoed the sentiments of [the
licensed clinical social worker]. While she noted bouts of
inconsistency on the part of [the mother], she reported some
engagement and progress on the part of [the mother] over the
summer months and through the time of the hearing. . . .
Both parents receive Supplemental Security Income. [The
mother] is currently employed part-time at McDonalds and has a
valid driver’s license and a vehicle. [The mother] is also a certified
nursing assistant. [The mother] was working in a nursing facility
but was forced to resign from that employment after being
assaulted by a patient while pregnant with Brenton. [The father] is
unemployed and has never obtained a driver’s license. . . .
. . . .
Supervised visits between the children and parents have
occurred twice weekly throughout the life of this case. Initially,
5
visits occurred “in the community” and more recently they have
taken place at the parents’ Sanford apartment. The supervised in-
home visits are intended to allow the parents to enjoy a normal
routine with their children, including cooking breakfast, engaging
in play and navigating naptime.
Bentlee and Brenton have done well in their foster home
placement with the [foster parents]. At various times, the boys
have had occupational and physical therapy appointments which
[the foster mother] has ensured that they attend. . . . Bentlee and
Brenton have developed a bond with [the foster mother] and her
husband and the [foster parents] have promoted a relationship
between the boys and their maternal grandmother. . . .
Both parents, as noted, have participated in services as
requested by DHHS and they have made some progress in dealing
with various issues. The parents did not get serious about engaging
in a full range of services until the summer of 2016, over a year
after Bentlee came into care. Now, many providers are meeting
with the parents at their apartment in Sanford. Now, [the father]
does not have to leave his home to engage in services; everything
is coming to him. Despite such services, neither party has
alleviated jeopardy to the point where either can safely parent
Bentlee or Brenton on an extended basis.
Since the commencement of these cases, the parents have
been visiting with the children twice a week. Initially, visits were
from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. at the [visitation agency center] in Sanford.
The parents found four hour visits to be too long. Next visits were
from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. In September 2016, visits were increased by
one hour, from 8 a.m. to 11 a.m. and the parents now complain that
visits start too early in the day. Throughout the course of the case,
[the father] has been unable to remain fully engaged with the
children during visits. [The father] takes frequent smoking breaks
outside the apartment and he takes frequent bathroom breaks (of
10 to 15 minutes’ duration) during child visits. It is not unusual for
[the father] to miss 1/4 to 1/3 of the allotted child visitation period
due to these recurring smoking and bathroom breaks. [The father]
6
does not feel that his need to be away from the children during
visits is a matter for concern. In the Court’s mind, it does raise
concerns about [the father’s] capacity and determination to care
for the children appropriately. The Court also finds it significant
that [the father] and [the mother] have been unable, despite the
many services provided to them, to progress to something more
than two supervised visits per week since the filing of the case.
This, in turn, raises concerns about their capacity and the
determination to safely parent the boys on something more than a
part-time basis.
[The father’s] and [the mother’s] ability to tolerate
uncomfortable situations for the sake of their children is clearly
compromised. Both boys have received occupational and physical
therapy during their time in care. Physical therapy sessions occur
at the therapist’s office . . . . Occupational therapy occurs at [the
foster mother’s] home in North Berwick, Maine. Although [the
foster mother] has expressed reservations about [the father] being
present at her home, she and the team have invited both parents to
attend treatment sessions. [The father] refuses to attend sessions
at the [foster mother’s] home because he dislikes [the foster
mother] . . . .
. . . As of the date of the hearing . . . [the case manager] had
not been successful in getting [the father] into vocational
rehabilitation, or securing his school records, or securing and
getting [the father] to complete his GED application, or finding
employment or securing his medical records. [The father] did not,
apparently, make the effort to get this work done. What [the father]
does all day is, frankly, a mystery.
The Court understands from the testimony that [the father]
. . . was “jumped” in downtown Sanford last year by a group of men
and he sustained an injury. [The father] chose not to report this
assault to the police. Likewise, [the father] and [the mother]
testified that their home was broken into, last year, and items were
stolen from the home but they chose not to report the incident to
the police because the police haven’t been helpful to them in the
7
past. At night, [the father] likes to go ATV riding, a hobby. [The
father] has sustained multiple injuries while driving his ATV at
night but he has avoided medical treatment at the Sanford hospital
. . . because, he testified, the hospital staff disrespects him. When
[the father] goes riding at night on his ATV he is often too tired to
engage with the children during morning visits. . . . [The father’s]
and [the mother’s] failure to report his assault and the home
burglary to the police raises some concern about whether Bentlee
or Brenton would be safe in the care of their parents. Likewise, [the
father’s] nighttime ATV riding, a purely “elective” activity often
taking place just hours before the start of child visits, calls into
question his commitment to reunifying and fully engaging with the
children given that the pain and fatigue he often experiences
interferes with and compromises his ability to parent the children.
At this point, [the father] presents with all the same deficits
he presented with at the start of this, except for a nascent ability to
manage his anger. His cognitive deficits along with his lack of
foresight seriously impact his ability to safely parent these children
individually or together with [the mother]. [The father’s] lack of
care around his personal health and safety, his inability to meet
basic educational and employment goals and his inability to take
the initiative to put himself in a place where he can effectively
parent and provide for the needs of his children does not bode well
for his ability to meet the daily needs of two young and wholly
dependent children.
[The mother], for her part, has engaged in services on a
consistent basis in the months immediately preceding the hearing,
despite a slow start where she often skipped scheduled
appointments and classes. The mother, despite years of services,
continues to struggle with emotional and mental health problems
that interfere with her ability to parent the boys. As recently as
November 14, 2016, [the mother] had to cut short a supervised
child visit because she was unable to regulate her emotions
sufficiently to parent the boys. While [the mother] receives
support from [a case manager], [the mother] continues to struggle
to maintain her mental health and manage her ADHD, she and [the
8
father] struggle to maintain healthy communication and [the
mother] continues to be ambivalent about . . . placing the needs of
her children ahead of those of her romantic relationship, even if the
romantic relationship could pose a risk to her children. At the end
of the day, the Court agrees with the [guardian ad litem’s]
assessment that “I have not seen sufficient evidence that [the
mother] has increased her protective capacity or is prepared to
make decisions that put her children’s needs and safety ahead of
her own relationships.” [The mother] acquiesces in [the father’s]
poor decision-making and she remains with him despite [the
mother’s other son’s] disclosure of sexual abuse. By remaining
with [the father], she continues to prioritize her need to be in a
relationship with him over the needs of her children.
(Citations omitted) (footnote omitted).
II. DISCUSSION
[¶3] We review the court’s findings on parental unfitness for clear error,
In re Mathew H., 2017 ME 151, ¶ 2, 167 A.3d 561, and its conclusion that
termination is in the child’s best interest for an abuse of discretion, “viewing
the facts, and the weight to be given them, through the trial court’s lens.” In re
R.M., 2015 ME 38, ¶ 7, 114 A.3d 212. We will not disturb the court’s jeopardy
findings unless those findings are “clearly erroneous.” In re Dorothy V.,
2001 ME 97, ¶ 12, 774 A.2d 1118.
[¶4] Here, competent record evidence supports the court’s findings, by
clear and convincing evidence, that both parents are unable to take
responsibility for Bentlee G., and that they are unwilling or unable to protect
9
him from jeopardy within a time reasonably calculated to meet his needs. See
22 M.R.S. § 4055(1)(B)(2)(b)(i)-(ii). Competent evidence also supports the
court’s discretionary finding that termination of the parents’ parental rights is
in his best interest. See id. § 4055(1)(B)(2)(a). Also, the court’s finding, by a
preponderance of the evidence, that Brenton G. was in circumstances of
jeopardy to his health and safety was not clearly erroneous. See id. § 4035(2).
[¶5] The mother, relying on the due process clause of the Maine and
United States Constitutions, argues that the January 26, 2016, jeopardy order
as to Bentlee G. is “void for vagueness.” To the extent this argument represents
a direct appeal from the jeopardy order, even assuming that the
void-for-vagueness doctrine applies in the child protection context, the issue is
not properly before us. A jeopardy order is a final judgment, and must therefore
be reviewed on direct appeal. See 22 M.R.S. §§ 4006, 4035 (2016). Accordingly,
the mother was required to appeal the jeopardy order within twenty-one days
after it was entered. See M.R. App. P. 2(b)(3) (Tower 2016);1 Collins v. Dep’t of
Corr., 2015 ME 112, ¶ 10, 122 A.3d 955 (holding that “[s]trict compliance with
the time limits of M.R. App. P. 2(b) . . . is a prerequisite to the Law Court
1 The restyled Maine Rules of Appellate Procedure do not apply because this appeal was filed
prior to September 1, 2017. See M.R. App. P. 1 (restyled Rules).
10
entertaining an appeal” (quotation marks omitted)). To the extent, however,
that the mother is arguing that the court erred in terminating her parental
rights to Bentlee G. because the jeopardy order—seen as a predicate to the
termination order—was defective, her contention is unpersuasive.
The entry is:
Judgment affirmed.
Amy McNally, Esq., Woodman Edmands Danylik Austin Smith & Jacques, P.A.,
Biddeford, for appellant father
Nathaniel Seth Levy, Esq., Brunswick, for appellant mother
Janet T. Mills, Attorney General, and Hunter C. Umphrey, Asst. Atty. Gen., Office
of the Attorney General, Augusta, for appellee Department of Health and Human
Services
Springvale District Court docket numbers PC-2015-16 and PC-2016-27
FOR CLERK REFERENCE ONLY