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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JULIAN DAIN MCDONALD :
:
Appellant : No. 340 WDA 2017
Appeal from the PCRA Order January 31, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Bedford County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-05-CR-0000328-2009
BEFORE: OLSON, J., DUBOW, J., and STRASSBURGER*, J.
MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED JANUARY 04, 2018
Appellant, Julian Dain McDonald, appeals from the order entered on
January 31, 2017, dismissing his second petition filed under the Post-
Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9541-9546. We affirm.
On September 9, 2010, a jury found Appellant guilty of possession
with the intent to deliver a controlled substance (“PWID”), criminal
conspiracy, and possession of drug paraphernalia.1 On October 18, 2010,
the trial court sentenced Appellant to serve an aggregate term of six to 11
years in prison for his convictions; the term of imprisonment included a flat,
five-year mandatory minimum sentence under the then-operable 18
Pa.C.S.A. § 7508(a)(1)(iii), because Appellant was convicted of PWID and
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1
35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30), 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 903(a)(1), and 35 P.S. § 780-
113(a)(32), respectively.
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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the trial court determined that Appellant possessed “at least 50 pounds” of
marijuana. Id.; see also N.T. Sentencing Hearing, 10/18/10, at 3 and 13-
15.
On July 27, 2011, this Court affirmed Appellant’s judgment of sentence
and, on February 23, 2012, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied
Appellant’s petition for allowance of appeal. Commonwealth v. McDonald,
32 A.3d 283 (Pa. Super. 2011) (unpublished memorandum) at 1-22, appeal
denied, 40 A.3d 120 (Pa. 2012).
Appellant filed his first PCRA petition on March 15, 2012. The PCRA
court appointed counsel and, after an evidentiary hearing, the PCRA court
denied Appellant relief. PCRA Court Order, 9/25/13, at 1. We affirmed the
PCRA court’s order on October 14, 2014 and our Supreme Court denied
Appellant’s petition for allowance of appeal on April 24, 2015.
Commonwealth v. McDonald, 108 A.3d 114 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(unpublished memorandum) at 1-14, appeal denied, 114 A.3d 1039 (Pa.
2015).
On March 23, 2016, Appellant filed the current petition under the
PCRA; the petition constitutes Appellant’s second PCRA petition. Within
Appellant’s pro se PCRA petition, Appellant claimed that he was entitled to
post-conviction collateral relief because his sentence is illegal. Appellant’s
Pro Se Second PCRA Petition, 3/23/16, at 2-3. Specifically, Appellant
claimed that he was sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of
incarceration under 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 7508 and, in Alleyne v. United States,
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___ U.S. ___, 133 S.Ct. 2151 (2013), the United States Supreme Court
effectively rendered Section 7508 unconstitutional. Id. at 2. Moreover,
Appellant recognized that his petition was facially untimely under the PCRA.
However, Appellant claimed that his petition fell within the newly recognized
constitutional right exception to the PCRA’s one-year time-bar. Id. at 1. In
particular, Appellant claimed that he filed his second PCRA petition within 60
days of the date the United States Supreme Court decided Montgomery v.
Louisiana, ___ U.S. ___, 136 S.Ct. 718 (2016). Appellant claimed that, in
Montgomery, the Supreme Court made Alleyne “retroactively applicable to
[Appellant]” and that Appellant was thus entitled to relief under the PCRA.
Id. at 1-3.
The PCRA court appointed counsel to represent Appellant and, on June
2, 2016, counsel filed an amended petition on Appellant’s behalf. The
amended petition reiterated the substantive claim and jurisdictional
assertion contained in Appellant’s pro se second PCRA petition. See
Appellant’s Amended Second PCRA Petition, 6/2/16, at 1-6.
On November 3, 2016, the PCRA court heard oral argument on the
case and, on January 31, 2017, the PCRA court denied Appellant post-
conviction collateral relief. PCRA Court Order, 1/31/17, at 1. Appellant filed
a timely notice of appeal; Appellant raises one claim on appeal:
Whether or not [Alleyne] and Commonwealth v.
Hopkins[, 117 A.3d 247 (Pa. 2015)] must be retroactive
based upon Montgomery v. Louisiana, thereby resulting
in [Appellant’s] mandatory sentence being unconstitutional
and entitling him to relief under the [PCRA]?
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Appellant’s Brief at 5.
We now affirm the dismissal of Appellant’s patently untimely, serial
PCRA petition.
“As a general proposition, we review a denial of PCRA relief to
determine whether the findings of the PCRA court are supported by the
record and free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Eichinger, 108 A.3d
821, 830 (Pa. 2014).
Before this Court can address the substance of Appellant’s claim, we
must determine if this petition is timely.
[The PCRA requires] a petitioner to file any PCRA petition
within one year of the date the judgment of sentence
becomes final. A judgment of sentence becomes final at
the conclusion of direct review . . . or at the expiration of
time for seeking review.
...
However, an untimely petition may be received when the
petition alleges, and the petitioner proves, that any of the
three limited exceptions to the time for filing the petition,
set forth at 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii), are
met. A petition invoking one of these exceptions must be
filed within [60] days of the date the claim could first have
been presented. In order to be entitled to the exceptions to
the PCRA’s one-year filing deadline, the petitioner must
plead and prove specific facts that demonstrate his claim
was raised within the [60]-day timeframe.
Commonwealth v. Lawson, 90 A.3d 1, 4-5 (Pa. Super. 2014) (some
internal citations omitted) (internal quotations omitted).
In the present case, the PCRA court found Appellant’s petition to be
untimely filed. PCRA Court Opinion, 1/31/17, at 1-3. We agree. Appellant’s
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judgment of sentence became final at the end of the day on May 23, 2012,
which was 90 days after the Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied Appellant’s
petition for allowance of appeal and Appellant’s time for filing a petition for
writ of certiorari to the United States Supreme Court expired. See 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3) (“A judgment becomes final at the conclusion of
direct review, including discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the
United States . . . , or at the expiration of time for seeking the review”); see
also U.S. Sup. Ct. R. 13.1. The PCRA explicitly requires that a petition be
filed “within one year of the date the judgment becomes final[.]” 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). As such, Appellant had until May 23, 2013 to file a
timely PCRA petition. Since Appellant filed his current petition on March 23,
2016, the current petition is patently untimely and the burden thus fell upon
Appellant to plead and prove that one of the enumerated exceptions to the
one-year time-bar applied to his case. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1);
Commonwealth v. Perrin, 947 A.2d 1284, 1286 (Pa. Super. 2008) (to
properly invoke a statutory exception to the one-year time-bar, the PCRA
demands that the petitioner properly plead and prove all required elements
of the relied-upon exception).
Here, Appellant purports to invoke the “newly recognized constitutional
right” exception to the time-bar. This statutory exception provides:
(1) Any petition under this subchapter, including a second
or subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the
date the judgment becomes final, unless the petition alleges
and the petitioner proves that:
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...
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was
recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period
provided in this section and has been held by that court
to apply retroactively.
...
(2) Any petition invoking an exception provided in
paragraph (1) shall be filed within 60 days of the date the
claim could have been presented.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b).
As our Supreme Court explained:
Subsection (iii) of Section 9545(b)(1) has two requirements.
First, it provides that the right asserted is a constitutional
right that was recognized by the Supreme Court of the
United States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after
the time provided in this section. Second, it provides that
the right “has been held” by “that court” to apply
retroactively. Thus, a petitioner must prove that there is a
“new” constitutional right and that the right “has been held”
by that court to apply retroactively. The language “has
been held” is in the past tense. These words mean that the
action has already occurred, i.e., “that court” has already
held the new constitutional right to be retroactive to cases
on collateral review. By employing the past tense in writing
this provision, the legislature clearly intended that the right
was already recognized at the time the petition was filed.
Commonwealth v. Copenhefer, 941 A.2d 646, 649-650 (Pa. 2007),
quoting Commonwealth v. Abdul-Salaam, 812 A.2d 497, 501 (Pa. 2002)
(internal corrections omitted). Moreover, since the plain statutory language
of section 9545 demands that the PCRA petition “allege” all elements of the
statutory exception, it is clear that – to properly invoke the “newly
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recognized constitutional right” exception – the petitioner must plead each of
the above-stated elements in the petition. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1).
Within Appellant’s second PCRA petition, Appellant claims that his
sentence is illegal because he was sentenced to a mandatory minimum term
of incarceration under 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 7508 and, in Alleyne, the United
States Supreme Court effectively rendered Section 7508 unconstitutional.
Moreover, Appellant claims that the United States Supreme Court’s opinion
in Montgomery v. Louisiana rendered Alleyne’s holding retroactive to his
case. See Appellant’s Pro Se Second PCRA Petition, 3/23/16, at 1-3;
Appellant’s Amended Second PCRA Petition, 6/2/16, at 1-6.
Appellant’s claim fails because Montgomery did not concern Alleyne
at all. Rather, Montgomery concerned the retroactive application of Miller
v. Alabama – and Miller v. Alabama held that the Eighth Amendment
prohibited mandatory life sentences without parole for juveniles convicted of
a homicide offense. See Montgomery, 136 S.Ct. at 725. In this case,
Appellant was not a juvenile when he was convicted of the non-homicide
offense of possession of marijuana with the intent to deliver, and Appellant
did not receive a mandatory sentence of life in prison without the possibility
of parole. Thus, neither Montgomery nor Miller apply to the case at bar.
Further, any claim under Alleyne immediately fails, as Appellant did
not raise his Alleyne claim “within 60 days of the date the claim could have
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been presented.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(2).2 Rather, the first time
Appellant raised his Alleyne claim was in his March 23, 2016 PCRA Petition
– which was over two years after the United States Supreme Court decided
Alleyne and over 10 months after the Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied
Appellant’s petition for allowance of appeal, following the dismissal of
Appellant’s first PCRA petition.3 See Appellant’s Pro Se Second PCRA
Petition, 3/23/16, at 1-3. Thus, Appellant failed to properly plead the newly-
recognized constitutional right exception to the PCRA’s one-year time-bar.
See Commonwealth v. Boyd, 923 A.2d 513, 517 (Pa. Super. 2007)
(“[w]ith regard to [the newly-]recognized constitutional right [exception], . .
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2
Moreover, neither the United States Supreme Court nor our Supreme Court
has held that Alleyne applies retroactively to cases on collateral review.
Indeed, in Commonwealth v. Washington, the Pennsylvania Supreme
Court expressly held that “Alleyne does not apply retroactively to cases
pending on collateral review.” Commonwealth v. Washington, 142 A.3d
810, 820 (Pa. 2016). As such, for this independent reason, Alleyne does
not satisfy the newly-recognized constitutional right exception set forth at
§ 9545(b)(1)(iii). Commonwealth v. Miller, 102 A.3d 988, 995 (Pa.
Super. 2014) (“This Court has recognized that a new rule of constitutional
law is applied retroactively to cases on collateral review only if the United
States Supreme Court or our Supreme Court specifically holds it to be
retroactively applicable to those cases”).
3
The United States Supreme Court decided Alleyne on June 17, 2013; the
PCRA court dismissed Appellant’s first PCRA petition on September 25,
2013; and, after Appellant’s first PCRA petition was dismissed, the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied Appellant’s petition for allowance of
appeal on April 24, 2015.
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. the [60-]day period begins to run upon the date of the underlying judicial
decision”).
Since Appellant did not attempt to plead any other exception to the
time-bar, we conclude that Appellant’s petition is time-barred and that our
“courts are without jurisdiction to offer [Appellant] any form of relief.”4
Commonwealth v. Jackson, 30 A.3d 516, 523 (Pa. Super. 2011).
Therefore, we affirm the PCRA court’s order dismissing Appellant’s second
PCRA petition without a hearing.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 1/4/2018
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4
To the extent Appellant claims that his illegal sentencing claim is non-
waivable, we note that, in Commonwealth v. Fahy, our Supreme Court
held: “[a]lthough legality of sentence is always subject to review within the
PCRA, claims must still first satisfy the PCRA’s time limits or one of
the exceptions thereto.” Commonwealth v. Fahy, 737 A.2d 214, 223
(Pa. 1999) (emphasis added).
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