FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
JUN 25 2021
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
PASKENTA BAND OF NOMLAKI No. 17-16633
INDIANS; PASKENTA ENTERPRISES
CORPORATION, D.C. No.
2:15-cv-00538-MCE-CMK
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v. MEMORANDUM*
CORNERSTONE COMMUNITY BANK;
CORNERSTONE COMMUNITY
BANCORP; UMPQUA BANK;
UMPQUA HOLDINGS CORPORATION;
GARTH MOORE INSURANCE AND
FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.; GARTH
MOORE; ASSOCIATED PENSION
CONSULTANTS, INC.,
Defendants-Appellees.
PASKENTA BAND OF NOMLAKI No. 17-16673
INDIANS; PASKENTA ENTERPRISES
CORPORATION, D.C. No.
2:15-cv-00538-MCE-CMK
Plaintiffs-Appellees,
v.
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
UMPQUA BANK; UMPQUA
HOLDINGS CORPORATION,
Defendants-Appellants.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of California
Morrison C. England, Jr., District Judge, Presiding
Submission Deferred January 13, 2021
Submitted January 26, 2021**
San Francisco, California
Before: KLEINFELD, RAWLINSON, and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges.
These two appeals involve disputes over the district court’s award of
attorneys’ fees and costs.1 We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and
review de novo whether an “application for attorneys’ fees was proper under state
law and the contractual provisions.” Resolution Tr. Corp. v. Midwest Fed. Sav.
Bank of Minot, 36 F.3d 785, 799 (9th Cir. 1994), as amended.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
1
We previously affirmed the underlying judgments. See Paskenta Band of
Nomlaki Indians v. Cornerstone Cmty. Bank, No. 17-15484, 846 Fed. App’x 590
(9th Cir. May 3, 2021); Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians v. Umpqua Bank, No.
17-15486, 846 Fed. App’x 589 (9th Cir. May 3, 2021); Paskenta Band of Nomlaki
Indians v. Associated Pension Consultants, Inc., No. 17-15483, 2021 WL 1740364
(9th Cir. May 3, 2021).
2
1. Award of Costs
As we affirmed the underlying judgments against Plaintiffs-Appellants
Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians and Paskenta Enterprises Corporation
(collectively, Paskenta), the district court’s awards of costs to Defendants-
Appellees Cornerstone Community Bank, Cornerstone Community Bancorp, and
Jeffrey Finck (collectively, Cornerstone), Umpqua Bank and Umpqua Holdings
Corporation (collectively, Umpqua Bank), Garth Moore and Garth Moore
Insurance and Financial (collectively, Moore), and Associated Pension
Consultants, Inc. (APC) are affirmed as well. See Mozart Co. v. Mercedes-Benz of
N. Am., Inc., 833 F.2d 1342, 1352 (9th Cir. 1987).
2. Sovereign Immunity
By filing a complaint seeking attorneys’ fees, Paskenta expressly waived
sovereign immunity with respect to that issue, and also consented to the court’s
authority to consider Cornerstone’s and Umpqua’s motions for attorneys’ fees. See
Confederated Tribes of the Colville Rsrv. Tribal Credit v. White (In re White), 139
F.3d 1268, 1271 (9th Cir. 1998).
3. Award of Attorneys’ Fees to Cornerstone
The unambiguous language of the attorneys’ fees provision in the indemnity
agreement between Paskenta and Cornerstone (Indemnity Agreement) provides for
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a fee award to the prevailing party when either party brings “any action to enforce
or interpret the terms” of the agreement. Once Paskenta filed this action asserting
claims that had been released by the Indemnity Agreement, the action necessarily
implicated the enforcement and interpretation of the Indemnity Agreement. See
Mountain Air Enters., LLC v. Sundowner Towers, LLC, 398 P.3d 556, 561-62 (Cal.
2017). Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s award of attorneys’ fees to
Cornerstone.
4. Denial of Umpqua’s Motion for Attorneys’ Fees
Paskenta’s bank account terms with Umpqua (Account Terms) provides that
Paskenta will “be liable . . . for [Umpqua’s] reasonable attorneys’ fees . . . whether
incurred as a result of collection or in any other dispute involving your account.”
The district court erred by denying Umpqua’s motion for attorneys’ fees based on
the heading of the Account Terms: “Liability for Overdrafts.” The Account Terms
expressly provide that the “headings in this document . . . will not govern the
interpretation of the provisions.” Additionally, the phrase “any other dispute
involving your account” is not ambiguous and cannot be reasonably be read as
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limited to disputes involving collections, account shortages, or overdrafts.2 See
Maynard v. BTI Grp., Inc., 216 Cal. App. 4th 984, 993 (2013) (explaining that “an
attorney fee provision awarding fees based on the outcome of ‘any dispute’
encompasses all claims”); see also Blue Shield of Cal. Life & Health Ins. Co. v.
Superior Ct., 192 Cal. App. 4th 727, 740 (2011) (declining to “adopt a restrictive
meaning” when interpreting the phrase “any other matter arising out of this Plan”
because the phrase could not “reasonably be read” as part of the limited list that
proceeded it). Accordingly, we reverse and remand for the district court to
calculate the fee award in the first instance. See Carpenters Health & Welfare Tr.
for S. Cal. v. Vonderharr, 384 F.3d 667, 674 (9th Cir. 2004).
AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED.
2
Because the attorneys’ fees provision was not ambiguous, the district court
also erred in construing the provision against Umpqua. See Powers v. Dickson,
Carlson & Campillo, 54 Cal. App. 4th 1102, 1112 (1997), as modified.
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