TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-20-00086-CV
William P. Klages, Appellant
v.
Rita E. Klages, Appellee
FROM THE 53RD DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY
NO. D-1-FM-16-005533, THE HONORABLE AMY CLARK MEACHUM, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
William P. Klages appeals the district court’s modification order in his suit
affecting the parent-child relationship, challenging the $1,350 amount of his monthly child-
support obligation. We will affirm the district court’s order.
BACKGROUND
William and Rita E. Klages1 had one child, born September 18, 2005, and
divorced in 2017. In 2018, William filed a petition to modify the $1,710 amount of child-support
set forth in the parties’ final divorce decree and alleged that his employment circumstances
had changed, causing a decrease in his income. Both William and Rita testified during the
evidentiary hearing on his petition to modify. Evidence at the hearing showed that William lives
in California, works for a Canadian company called QA Consultants USA, Inc. as “Vice President,
1 We refer to the parties by their first names for clarity because they share the same last
name.
Advisory and Partner Management” and sells software-testing services. For this work, William
is paid a “base salary” of $80,000 annually, plus 5% commissions and a bonus of up to fifty
percent of his income (approximately $40,000 excluding commissions). Rita was a homemaker
but by the time of the hearing had obtained a food-manager’s license and provided catering
services for one event, from which she earned about $1,400 after expenses.
At the end of the hearing, the district court denied William’s motion to modify the
child-support order. Later that day, the district court notified the parties that it had reconsidered
its oral ruling sua sponte and that it would grant William’s requested modification and reduce
his child-support obligation to $1,350 per month. The district court incorporated that ruling into
its December 4, 2019 “Order in Suit to Modify Spousal Maintenance and the Parent-Child
Relationship.” The order also recited that William’s net resources per month are $4,529.49; that
Rita’s net resources are $0; and that the percentage applied to the first $4,529.49 of William’s net
resources for child support is 29.8 percent.
Additionally, the district court filed findings of fact and conclusions of law stating
in relevant part that the child-support provisions in the order are in the best interest of the child;
that the proven needs of the child include the need for extra-curricular activities; and that there is
an increased need for support because William is not entitled to any periods of possession of the
child. The district court reiterated its findings from the child-support order as to the amount
of William’s net resources, the amount of Rita’s net resources, and the percentage applied to
William’s net resources for child support. Further, the district court found that “William Klages
is eligible to receive a bonus of up to $40,000 per year.” Finally, the district court specified that
it considered certain factors in making its child-support order, including: (1) the child’s age and
needs; (2) the parents’ ability to contribute to the child’s support; (3) any financial resources
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available for the child’s support; (4) the amount of time of possession of and access to the
child; (5) the amount of alimony or spousal maintenance that a party is paying or receiving; and
(6) provision for health care insurance and payment of uninsured medical expenses. See Tex.
Fam. Code § 154.123(b)(1)-(4), (8), (12). This appeal followed.2
DISCUSSION
Modified Order of Child Support
In his only appellate issue, William challenges the $1,350 amount of child support
required by the modification order. His complaint is based on the district court’s decision to
deviate from the child-support guidelines in the Family Code. See id. § 154.122 (providing
presumptions that child-support payment established by guidelines is reasonable and that child-
support order conforming to guidelines is in child’s best interest).
Once the trial court determines a material and substantial change has occurred,
warranting modification of a child-support order, the extent of the alteration of the amount of
child support also lies within the court’s discretion. Nordstrom v. Nordstrom, 965 S.W.2d 575,
578 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, pet. denied). We will not disturb a trial court’s
child-support order unless the complaining party shows a clear abuse of discretion. Worford v.
Stamper, 801 S.W.2d 108, 109 (Tex. 1990); Hollifield v. Hollifield, 925 S.W.2d 153, 155 (Tex.
App.—Austin 1996, no writ). A trial court abuses its discretion if it acts arbitrarily, unreasonably,
without regard to guiding legal principles, or without supporting evidence. Coburn v. Moreland,
433 S.W.3d 809, 823 (Tex. App.—Austin 2014, no pet.); Hollifield, 925 S.W.2d at 155. In this
modification suit, as in other family-law cases, the abuse-of-discretion standard and traditional
2 Rita is acting pro se on appeal and did not file a brief.
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sufficiency standards of review overlap. See Zeifman v. Michels, 212 S.W.3d 582, 587-88 (Tex.
App.—Austin 2006, pet. denied); Echols v. Olivarez, 85 S.W.3d 475, 477 (Tex. App.—Austin
2002, no pet.). In these cases, legal and factual insufficiency are not independent grounds of
error but are relevant factors in assessing whether the trial court abused its discretion. See
Coburn, 433 S.W.3d at 823; Zeifman, 212 S.W.3d at 587. Thus, in determining whether the trial
court abused its discretion, we consider whether the court had sufficient evidence upon which to
exercise its discretion, and if so, whether it erred in the application of that discretion. Coburn,
433 S.W.3d at 823; Zeifman, 212 S.W.3d at 588; Echols, 85 S.W.3d at 477-78.
Evidence is legally sufficient if it would enable reasonable and fair-minded people
to reach the verdict under review. Exxon Corp. v. Emerald Oil & Gas Co., 348 S.W.3d 194,
215 (Tex. 2011). Evidence is legally insufficient when: (1) there is a complete absence of a
vital fact; (2) rules of law or evidence preclude giving weight to the only evidence offered to
prove a vital fact; (3) the evidence offered to prove a vital fact is no more than a scintilla; or
(4) the evidence conclusively establishes the opposite of the vital fact. City of Keller v. Wilson,
168 S.W.3d 802, 810 (Tex. 2005); Steele v. Steele, No. 03-07-00011-CV, 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS
6519, at *9 (Tex. App.—Austin Aug. 19, 2009, no pet.) (mem. op.). When determining whether
the evidence is legally sufficient to support the trial court’s exercise of discretion, we consider
the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court’s findings if a reasonable factfinder
could and disregard evidence to the contrary unless a reasonable factfinder could not. City of
Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 827; Steele, 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 6519, at *9. When determining
whether the evidence is factually sufficient to support the trial court’s exercise of discretion, we
consider and weigh all the evidence presented and set aside the trial court’s findings only if they
are so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence such that they are clearly wrong and
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unjust. City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 826. We review a trial court’s findings of fact for legal and
factual sufficiency under these same standards. See Robbins v. Robbins, 550 S.W.3d 846, 854
(Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2018, no pet.). When the record contains some evidence of a substantive
and probative character supporting the trial court’s decision, there is no abuse of discretion.
Tuan Anh Tran v. Nguyen, 480 S.W.3d 119, 128 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th District] 2015,
no pet.); Coburn, 433 S.W.3d at 823; Zeifman, 212 S.W.3d at 587; Echols, 85 S.W.3d at 477.
Child Support in Excess of Statutory Guideline Amount
Section 154.125 of the Texas Family Code applies when the obligor’s monthly
net resources are not greater than $8,5503 and sets forth a schedule of percentages that
presumptively apply to the obligor’s net resources if the obligor’s monthly net resources are not
greater than $8,550. Tex. Fam. Code §154.125(b). But a trial court may deviate from those
percentage guidelines if the evidence rebuts the presumption that application of those amounts is
in the child’s best interest. See id. § 154.123(a). When making that determination, the trial court
may consider certain specified factors and “any other reason.” See id. § 154.123(b).
To impose child support beyond the guidelines, the record must contain evidence
of the child’s “proven needs.” See id. § 154.126; Rodriguez v. Rodriguez, 860 S.W.2d 414,
417 (Tex. 1993) (noting that child-support award exceeding statutory guidelines must be based
on child’s unmet needs). A child’s needs are not limited to “the bare necessities of life.”
Rodriguez, 860 S.W.2d at 417 n.3. Rather, the trial court must determine, in its discretion, the
3 Under the guidelines applicable to this case, the net-resources cap is $8,550. See
38 Tex. Reg. 4647, 4647 (July 19, 2013) (Office of the Att’y Gen., Announcement of Adjustment
Required by Texas Family Code § 154.125). Effective September 1, 2019, the amount of the
net-resources cap increased to $9,200. See 44 Tex. Reg. 3559, 3559 (July 12, 2019) (Office of
the Att’y Gen., Announcement of Adjustment Required by Texas Family Code § 154.125).
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child’s needs on a case-by-case basis by following the “paramount guiding principle: the best
interest of the child.” Id.; see Iliff v. Iliff, 339 S.W.3d 74, 81 (Tex. 2011) (quoting Rodriguez,
860 S.W.2d at 417 n.3). A trial court sitting as the trier of fact at the hearing on child support
is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight assigned their testimony and
may accept or reject all or any part of the testimony of each witness. Hatteberg v. Hatteberg,
933 S.W.2d 522, 530 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1994, no writ).
Here, the district court’s order requires William to pay child support of $1,350 per
month. The order states that William’s monthly net resources are $4,529.49; that Rita’s net
resources are $0; and that the percentage applied to the first $4,529.49 of William’s net resources
for child support is 29.8 percent. See Tex. Fam. Code § 154.130 (governing findings in child-
support order). At the hearing on his petition to modify, William testified that his monthly child-
support payment should be $850. On appeal, William contends that his child-support obligation
should have been set at $905.90 per month—his calculation of the presumptive-guideline amount
for an $80,000 annual salary.4 He also contends that the evidence of the child’s needs “equals
$650 per month at best” and that there was “no evidence” justifying the district court’s child-
support order exceeding the presumptive-guideline amount.
Contrary to William’s contention, the district court’s order of child support is
supported by the evidence in the record. It was undisputed at the modification hearing that
William receives a “base salary” of $80,000 and that “in addition to [his] annual salary,” he is
eligible for a bonus “of 50%” ($40,000), plus commissions “at a rate of 5%.” During the
hearing, Rita discussed the needs of the child, including golf-related expenses that are higher
4 William’s calculation includes deductions for the California state income tax and
California state disability insurance.
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during the season and when the child is participating in tournaments. Rita testified without
contradicting evidence that this after-school activity requires payment of membership fees for the
club where the child practices and plays, and that she is paying 100% of the expenses for the
child’s activities. She stated that the expenses for the child’s golf ranged from $200 to $800 per
month. See Zajac v. Penkava, 924 S.W.2d 405, 409 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1996, no writ)
(holding that estimates of past and future expenses and needs of child are relevant and probative
in determining child support). Rita also testified that she pays half the cost of the child’s
therapy, which is $150 per session, and that the child sometimes attends therapy every week and
other times less frequently. See id. Rita further testified that she had not made any money
besides the amount she earned for her first catering event. The parties’ divorce decree reflects
that Rita is the sole managing conservator for the child, and her itemized proposed support
decision, admitted into evidence without objection, shows that she needed about $11,272
per month for both her and the child’s expenses combined. See Yarbrough v. Yarbrough,
151 S.W.3d 687, 693 (Tex. App.—Waco 2004, no pet.) (concluding that trial court had sufficient
information, based on mother’s testimony and list of monthly expenses, from which it could
make fair determination of pertinent expenses justifying child-support order); Scott v. Younts,
926 S.W.2d 415, 421 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi-Edinburg 1996, writ denied) (“The child’s
mother is in the best position, as managing conservator, to explain the needs of the child.”). It
was undisputed at the hearing that William has no regular visits with the child and that Rita has
possession of the child all the time.
The district court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law specified that when
ordering support in excess of the guideline amount, it considered that William was not entitled to
any periods of possession of the child:
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The Court heard evidence of several factors set forth in Section 154.123(b) of the
Texas Family Code—namely the amount of time of possession of and access to
the child—and thus the Court ordered an amount of child support per month
which exceeds the percentage guidelines of the Texas Family Code.
Additionally, the district court found that “[t]he proven needs of the child include the need for
extra-curricular activities” and that “WILLIAM KLAGES is not entitled to any periods of
possession of the child, thus increasing the need for support.” These factors—the needs of the
child, the ability of the parents to contribute to the support of the child, and the amount of time of
possession of and access to a child—are set forth in the Family Code as relevant considerations
when a trial court is determining whether the amount of child support set forth by the guidelines
should be increased or decreased. See Tex. Fam. Code § 154.123(b)(1), (2), (4); In re V.J.A.O.,
No. 05-15-01534-CV, 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 2049, at *19-20 (Tex. App.—Dallas Mar. 9, 2017,
pet. denied) (mem. op.) (rejecting father’s contention that trial court abused its discretion by
awarding additional child support because father’s monthly resources greatly exceeded mother’s
and because mother’s “primary possession of child means she is already absorbing more of the
daily costs associated with feeding, sheltering, and raising the child”); In re H.O., No. 04-14-
00263-CV, 2015 Tex. App. LEXIS 5113, at *7 (Tex. App.—San Antonio May 20, 2015, no pet.)
(mem. op.) (citing subsection 154.123(b)(4) and noting that “the trial court set current child
support above the amount specified under the child support guidelines because [mother] has
possession of the child one hundred percent of the time and [father] has no contact with the
child”). Moreover, this list of statutory factors is not exhaustive, and the trial court must consider
all relevant factors. See Sanchez v. Sanchez, 915 S.W.2d 99, 103 (Tex. App.—San Antonio
1996, no writ); see also Tex. Fam. Code § 154.123(b)(17) (providing that trial court “shall
consider,” in addition to other listed factors, “any other reason consistent with the best interest of
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the child, taking into consideration the circumstances of the parents”). Finally, to the extent that
William complains the district court’s findings as to the amount of child support lack specificity,
he failed to request any specific additional or amended findings. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 298 (“After
the court files original findings of fact and conclusions of law, any party may file with the clerk
of the court a request for specified additional or amended findings or conclusions.”); In re
V.J.A.O., 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 2049, at *21; see also In re Gonzalez, 993 S.W.2d 147, 155
(Tex. App.—San Antonio 1999, no pet.) (concluding that trial court’s stated reasons were
adequate to satisfy section 154.130); Zajac, 924 S.W.2d at 410 (holding that substantial
compliance with statutory predecessor to section 154.130 sufficed).
In sum, because this record contains some evidence of a substantive and probative
character supporting the modified child-support order, William failed to show an abuse of the
district court’s discretion. See Tran, 480 S.W.3d at 128; Coburn, 433 S.W.3d at 823; Zeifman,
212 S.W.3d at 587; Echols, 85 S.W.3d at 477. We conclude that the district court had legally
and factually sufficient evidence on which to exercise its discretion when making its modified
child-support order and that it did not err in the application of that discretion. See Coburn,
433 S.W.3d at 823; Zeifman, 212 S.W.3d at 588; Echols, 85 S.W.3d at 477-78. Accordingly, we
overrule William’s appellate issue.
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CONCLUSION
We affirm the district court’s “Order in Suit to Modify Spousal Maintenance and
the Parent-Child Relationship.”
__________________________________________
Gisela D. Triana, Justice
Before Justices Goodwin, Triana, and Smith
Affirmed
Filed: June 25, 2021
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