IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
JULY 17, 2007 Session
PATSY L. ALDRIDGE v. PAM ALDRIDGE, ET AL.
IN RE: CONSERVATORSHIP OF BILL M. ALDRIDGE
Direct Appeal from the Probate Court for Shelby County
No. C-11251 Robert Benham, Judge
No. W2006-02334-COA-R3-CV - Filed November 27, 2007
This is a case involving a petition for appointment of conservator and a request for attorney’s fees
by the non-petitioning spouse of the ward. The husband and wife were married, but lived apart. The
husband lived with his daughter from a previous marriage. Unknown by the husband’s children, he
continued to see and financially support his estranged wife. The husband suffered from bipolar
disorder requiring several hospitalizations. The husband, during a manic period, emptied his 401K
account and purchased several vehicles and properties. The husband’s daughter petitioned the court
for appointment of a conservatorship for her father. The court found that the husband was disabled,
and appointed the daughter as the conservator over his person and a third-party attorney as the
conservator over his finances. The wife was represented by counsel during the proceedings. The
court ordered the conservator to pay the wife spousal support in the amount of $2,000 a month out
of the husband’s $150,000 estate. The wife then petitioned the court for an award of her attorney’s
fees, which the probate court denied. Wife appeals, arguing that the lower court has the statutory
authority pursuant to Tenn. Code Ann. § 34-3-109 to include in the award of financial support her
attorney’s fees. We affirm.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3; Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Probate Court Affirmed
ALAN E. HIGHERS, P.J., W.S., delivered the opinion of the court, in which HOLLY M. KIRBY , J., and
BEN H. CANTRELL, SP .J., joined.
Michael L. Robb, Justin N. Joy, Memphis, TN, for Appellant
Thomas R. Buckner, Bruce M. Smith, Lynn W. Thompson, Memphis, TN, for Appellees
OPINION
I. FACTS & PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Bill M. Aldridge (“Ward”) and Patsy L. Aldridge (“Appellant” or “Wife”) were married on
September 3, 1999. Ward had four adult children from a previous marriage. Ward and Wife lived
together for a time in Rienzi, Mississippi. Ward once asked Wife for a divorce around the spring
of 2000, but Ward never filed for divorce. Ward moved out of the marital home and moved into the
home of his daughter, Pam Aldridge (“Appellee” or “Daughter”), in Cordova, Tennessee.
Unbeknownst to Daughter and the rest of Ward’s family, Ward continued to visit and support Wife.
On January 19, 2005, Daughter filed a petition in the Probate Court of Shelby County,
Tennessee, for her appointment as the conservator for Ward. Daughter alleged in the petition that
Ward was currently hospitalized due to his bipolar disorder and that over the past four years, Ward
“suffered a series of manic phases” which required hospitalization. Ward was last hospitalized in
2000 during a manic phase. Ward is also diabetic and must take insulin injections four times each
day. Daughter alleged that in June of 2004, Ward “began displaying signs of a manic phase.”
Beginning in September of 2004, Ward made several large purchases, including seven vehicles, a
house, and another property. Ward was also in the negotiation stage for the purchase of another
home in Corinth, Mississippi. Daughter alleged that Ward lived with her until around November
of 2004, when he moved into the home he purchased. Ward also made a complete withdrawal of
his 401K, an estimated $200,000. Daughter stated that Ward threatened her life when she confronted
him with her concerns, and that she believed that he posed a danger to himself and was unable to
manage his personal and financial affairs.
The probate court appointed Daniel C. Shumake as the guardian ad litem on January 19,
2005, finding that Ward was a disabled individual. On that same day, the court also entered a
temporary restraining order, enjoining and restraining Ward from leaving the mental health facility
where he was currently located. Wife received notice of the pending February 4, 2005 hearing
concerning the appointment of a conservator for Ward via certified mail. Wife then filed a motion
for stay or continuance of the conservatorship proceedings on February 2, 2005. On February 4,
2005, the court entered the guardian ad litem’s report, which stated, in part, as follows:
Respondent is 62 years old, and although married has been
estranged from his second wife, Patsy, for the past four years. He
has four children from his first marriage. [Ward] resided with
[Daughter] at her home in Cordova, Tennessee for the past four years.
He moved out of [Daughter’s] home after he purchased a home near
Pickwick Lake in November, 2004. There are conflicting reports as
to whether [Ward] lived alone in the Pickwick home or with [Wife].
[Ward] has diabetes, and has been diagnosed with bi-polar
condition that required hospitalization in 2001.
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The purchase of the Pickwick home in November coincides
with the start of a period in [Ward’s] life that has been described as
manic, and has been evidenced by an unusual frequency of major
purchases including several automobiles and watercraft, along with
several real properties in various stages of contract status. During this
time, he liquidated his 401(k) Plan account that had a value of
approximately $200,000.
[Ward] came to be [currently] admitted to the hospital in
Mountain Home, Arkansas under the following situation: [Ward]
intended to visit the cabin of a relative . . . and shortly after arriving
at the property his truck got stuck in the mud. . . . [Ward] called on a
neighbor for assistance. The neighbor, unable to make sense of what
[Ward] was trying to convey, called the police. . . . [Ward] asked the
police to ‘lock him up’ in order to protect him from the CIA and
Traveler’s Insurance, who was out to harm him for making a large
withdrawal from his 401(k) Plan.
The guardian ad litem report indicated that Ward referred to Wife as his “estranged wife.”
The probate court held a hearing on February 4, 2005, to address Daughter’s petition for
appointment of a conservator, Wife’s motion for stay or continuance, and the report of the guardian
ad litem. In the order entered that same day, the court appointed Daughter as the temporary
conservator of Ward’s person. The order specifically forbade Daughter from interfering with Wife’s
communications and visits with Ward. The order also authorized the guardian ad litem to make
temporary emergency payments out of Ward’s funds for the necessary support of Wife.
The guardian ad litem entered a supplemental report on February 25, 2005, adding the
following updated overview, in relevant part:
[Ward’s] recent family life reflects his bipolar condition: his
Cordova life consisted of his living with [Daughter] and caring for
his children, and was open and obvious; his Rienzi, MS life was
carried out in secret without his blood family’s knowledge, and
consisted of daytrips to spend time with [Wife]. These visits
occurred regularly once a week for the past few years, and overnight
stays only when [Ward’s] children were themselves out of town.
[Ward] has told his family (and your Guardian Ad Litem) he has only
sympathy for his wife and wants a divorce but will not pursue it;
[Ward] tells [Wife] he loves her, and he spends time with her and
supports her financially, but tells her his children are his first priority.
[Ward] appears to be caught between his love for his children
and siblings and his need for a companion. Although your Guardian
Ad Litem has not discovered anything specific as to why [Ward’s]
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family does not care for [Wife], there is a mutual distrust between
[Wife] and the children. Your Guardian Ad Litem gets the sense that
the children blame [Wife] in part for [Ward’s] spending excesses.
[Wife] feels that the children do everything they can to keep [Ward]
from seeing her. . . . The individuals on each side of the dispute share
a deep and true concern for [Ward’s] well-being and happiness.
It is the opinion of your Guardian Ad Litem that [Ward] cares
for his wife more than he will state publicly. He has shown this by
his pattern of visiting and supporting his wife so consistently over the
past few years.
The guardian ad litem made the following recommendations: “In light of the need to provide for
[Ward’s] healthcare needs . . . the Conservator should have complete control over the primary
portion of [Ward’s] income, and over all of the assets.” The report also recommended that an
attorney and independent party, Ron Nance, be appointed as the conservator of the property. The
report reiterated that Daughter should be appointed conservator of the person. As to the findings
concerning Wife’s financial situation, the guardian ad litem reported as follows:
[Wife] maintains that her monthly income is approximately $500.
Once the Pickwick house is sold and the Buick [purchased for Wife
by Ward] traded for a more sensible automobile, her monthly
expenses appear to be approximately $2,200 per month. Your
Guardian Ad Litem would support a plan under which . . . ($1,480)
is paid to [Wife] to meet those expenses of hers that [Ward]
traditionally paid prior to the Conservatorship . . . . In addition, Your
Guardian Ad Litem recommends that an additional amount of $1,000
per year for vacation and Christmas be paid to [Wife] . . . .
The court appointed Daughter as the interim conservator over Ward’s person on March 11,
2005, and appointed Mr. Nance as the interim conservator of Ward’s estate. The court also found
that Wife was a co-obligor with Ward on several purchases, including a note for the purchase of a
2004 Buick Park Avenue vehicle, and on two notes secured by the Pickwick properties. The court
ordered Mr. Nance to attempt to void these obligations and/or sell the vehicle, but in the meantime,
he was to continue making payment on these obligations. The court also ordered that Wife was to
receive temporary support in the amount of $1,670 a month and was to receive payment for items
Ward purchased using several of her charge cards. Wife’s monthly support payment would later
increase to $2,000 a month beginning October 1, 2005. On May 12, 2005, Mr. Nance submitted to
the court the property management plan, noting that “there have been an extraordinary number of
transactions entered into by this ward during November & December, 2004, which have significant
impact on this ward’s financial condition. All of these financial transactions have not been totally
resolved as of this date.”
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On July 20, 2006, Wife petitioned the court for an award of her attorney’s fees in the
amount of $28,663.36, stating that “it was necessary for the spouse of the ward to have legal counsel
to protect her interest on numerous issues related to and arising from this conservatorship. These
issues include, but are not limited to, the disposition of marital property, debts on which she was
jointly liable with the Ward, and issues pertaining to her spousal support.” On August 21, 2006,
the probate court heard Wife’s petition for attorney’s fees. Wife testified that she is permanently
disabled and is unable to work and that she receives around $350 a month in Social Security
disability and $150 a month from a previous employer. Other than Wife using this $500 income, she
testified that Ward paid all her expenses until around December, 2004, when Ward “disappeared.”
Husband also provided for Wife’s medical expenses under his health insurance, and paid any
amounts that were not covered by insurance. Wife testified as to her credit card bills and the fact that
Ward paid those bills while the two were still together. Ward once asked Wife for a divorce around
the spring of 2000, but Ward never filed for divorce. Wife testified that around November 25, 2002,
Ward moved out of Wife’s home and moved into Daughter’s home in Cordova, Tennessee.
Unbeknownst to Daughter and the rest of Ward’s family, Ward continued to visit and support Wife.
The court entered the order denying Wife’s request for attorney’s fees on September 26,
2006. The court found that Ward’s estate had an approximate value of $156,000, not including the
potential tax liability resulting from Ward’s early withdrawal of his 401K. The court found that
Ward’s conservatorship had already paid Wife $37,814.54, and that Wife would receive an
additional $2,000 per month in spousal support. The remainder of the order, labeled by the court as
“conclusions of law,” states as follows:
1. The applicable statutes are Tennessee Code Annotated
sections 34-3-109 and 34-1-114.
2. Tennessee Code Annotated section 34-3-109 provides the
Court with jurisdiction over a disabled person to establish
financial support to support the spouse. The Court has
determinated that has been done.
3. Tennessee Code Annotated section 34-1-114 provides the
Court with jurisdiction to award attorney’s fees for the
guardian ad litem and attorney’s fees for counsel of the
petitioner if a petitioner is appointed . . . .
...
6. [T]he Court finds no basis to reimburse [Wife] for her
contractual obligation to pay her attorneys.
7. The attorney’s fees . . . are based upon a contract between the
two attorneys and [Wife] and are not [Ward’s] responsibility.
8. This Court does not find it has the authority to award
attorney’s fees to the spouse of the Ward.
(emphasis added) Wife thereafter filed this timely appeal.
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II. ISSUES PRESENTED
Appellant presents the following two issues for review, which we slightly reword:
1. Whether the probate court had authority pursuant to Tenn. Code Ann. § 34-3-109 to award
Wife her attorney’s fees?
2. Whether the probate court erred by refusing to award Wife her attorney’s fees because such
expenses are necessary and thus, could be included in the spousal support award pursuant to
Tenn. Code Ann. § 34-3-109?
III. STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review a trial court’s findings of fact de novo with a presumption of correctness. We will
only overturn these factual findings if the evidence preponderates against them. Tenn. R. App. P.
13(d) (2006); In re F.R.R., III, 193 S.W.3d 528, 530 (Tenn. 2006). The evidence preponderates
against a trial court’s finding of fact when it supports “another finding of fact with greater
convincing effect.” On the other hand, we review the trial court’s conclusions of law de novo with
no presumption of correctness. Union Carbide Corp. v. Huddleston, 854 S.W.2d 87, 91 (Tenn.
1993) (citing Estate of Adkins v. White Consol. Indus., Inc., 788 S.W.2d 815, 817 (Tenn. Ct. App.
1989)). Statutory construction is a question of law, and thus we do not afford the lower court’s
judgment a presumption of correctness. Kyle v. Williams, 98 S.W.3d 661, 664 (Tenn. 2003)
(citations omitted).
IV. DISCUSSION
We begin with the first issue of whether the probate court had the statutory authority to award
the non-petitioning spouse her attorney’s fees pursuant to Tenn. Code Ann. § 34-3-109. Daughter
argues that Tenn. Code Ann. § 34-1-114 governs the award of attorney’s fees, and that Wife is not
one of the listed parties eligible for an award of attorney’s fees. We agree with Daughter.
Our job in interpreting statutory provisions is to ascertain and give effect to the legislature’s
intent. Parker v. Parker, No. E2004-00429-COA-R3-CV, 2005 WL 1277839, at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App.
May 31, 2005) (quoting Kyle v. Williams, 98 S.W.3d 661, 664 (Tenn. 2003)). “Indeed, to ascertain
and give effect to the intention and purpose of the legislature is the basic rule of statutory
construction.” Faust v. Metropolitan Government of Nashville, 206 S.W.3d 475, 490 (Tenn. 2006)
(citation omitted). We must ascertain legislative intent “from the natural and ordinary meaning of
the language used, without forced or subtle construction that would limit or extend the meaning of
the language.” Id. (quotation omitted). If the language is unambiguous, then we must apply the
plain meaning with the presumption that “the legislature says in a statute what it means and means
in a statute what it says.” Parker, 2005 WL 1377839, at *2 (quoting Kyle v. Williams, 98 S.W.3d
661, 664 (Tenn. 2003)).
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Turning back to the statute in question, Tenn. Code Ann. § 34-3-109 reads as follows:
The appointment of a conservator for a disabled person does not
automatically terminate the duty of the disabled person to support
such disabled person's spouse or dependent minor children. The court
having jurisdiction over the disabled person may establish the amount
of financial support to which the spouse or dependent minor children
are entitled.
(2001) (emphasis added). Clearly, the lower court has the discretion to award financial support to
the spouse of a disabled individual. Wife would have us read Tenn. Code Ann. § 34-3-109,
however, in isolation from Tenn. Code Ann. § 34-1-114, but we must look to the statutory provisions
as a whole. The Middle Section of this Court has explained this statutory rule of construction as
follows:
The rule relative to ‘pari materia’ construction applies . . . with equal
force to separate provisions within a single statute. The different
parts of a statute reflect light upon each other, and statutory
provisions are regarded as in pari materia where they are parts of the
same act. Hence, a statute should be construed in its entirety, and as
a whole. All parts of the act should be considered, and construed
together. It is not permissible to rest a construction upon any one part
alone, or upon isolated words, phrases, clauses, or sentences, or to
give undue effect thereto. The legislative intention, as collected from
an examination of the whole as well as the separate parts of a statute,
is not to be defeated by the use of particular terms.
Faust, 206 S.W.3d at 490. Thus, we turn to Tenn. Code Ann. § 34-1-114, which provides for the
award of attorneys fees as follows:
(a) If a fiduciary is appointed, the costs of the proceedings, which are
the court costs, the guardian ad litem fee, the required medical
examination costs and the attorney's fee for the petitioner, shall be
charged against the property of the respondent to the extent the
respondent's property exceeds the supplemental security income
eligibility limit. If no fiduciary is appointed, the costs of the
proceedings shall be charged against the petitioner. The guardian ad
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litem fee and the attorney's fee for the petitioner shall be established
by the court. . . . .
(2001). The statute goes on to provide, in a different section, for the award of attorney’s fees for the
attorney ad litem: “The cost of the attorney ad litem shall be charged against the assets of the
respondent.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 34-1-125(b) (Supp. 2006). Thus, the statute specifically lists three
parties who may recoup their attorney’s fees. Looking to the plain language of the statutory scheme,
we find that it does not provide for an award of attorney’s fees to a non-petitioner spouse of a
disabled individual. Awarding such a spouse attorney’s fees under § 34-3-109 would circumvent
the legislative intent of § 34-1-114. We must presume that the legislature “meant what it said” when
it listed three parties as eligible for an award of attorney’s fees.
In Parker v. Parker, No. E2004-00429-COA-R3-CV, 2005 WL 1277839, at *2 (Tenn. Ct.
App. May 31, 2005), the Eastern Section of this Court dealt with a similar issue. In that case, a child
filed a petition for the appointment of a conservator, naming his father as the respondent. Id. at *1.
The father hired counsel, and the court dismissed the petition. The father then filed a motion for
costs of the proceedings, requesting that the child, as the unsuccessful petitioner, be responsible for
the father’s attorney’s fees pursuant to Tenn. Code Ann. § 34-1-114. The Eastern Section held that
if the legislature had meant that the phrase “the costs of the proceedings shall be charged against the
petitioner” also included attorney’s fees, “then the legislature would have expressly included such
language, as it did in the previous sentence . . . .” Id. at *2. Likewise, in the present case, if the
legislature meant that the phrase “financial support” encompassed the spouse’s attorney’s fees, then
the legislature could have simply said so. In sum, the plain language of the statutory scheme does
not provide for the award of attorney’s fees to the non-petitioner spouse of the disabled individual.
Because of the aforementioned holding, we need not address Appellant’s second issue.
V. CONCLUSION
For the aforementioned reasons, we affirm. Costs of the appeal are assessed against
Appellant, Patsy L. Aldridge, and her surety for which execution may issue if necessary.
___________________________________
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ALAN E. HIGHERS, P.J., W.S.
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