IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
MAY SESSION, 1997 FILED
November 6, 1997
Cecil W. Crowson
STATE OF TENNESSEE, )
Appellate Court Clerk
) No. 01C01-9604-CC-00151
Appellee )
) DICKSON COUNTY
vs. )
) Hon. LEONARD W. MARTIN, Judge
DOROTHY SHELDON, )
) (Forgery)
Appellant )
DISSENTING OPINION
The majority concludes that venue was proper in Dickson County. I
respectfully disagree. In finding venue in Dickson County, the majority, relying upon
Girdley v. State, 29 S.W.2d 255 (Tenn. 1930), employs an agency theory to
establish the appellant's constructive presence in Dickson County. I am unable to
agree with the majority's rational for two reasons. First, in Girdley, the defendant
was charged with the offense of uttering or attempting to pass a forged check. Had
the appellant in this case been charged with uttering or passing a forged writing, I
would agree that venue would have been proper in Dickson County. See Tenn.
Code Ann. § 39-14-114(b)(1)(D). However, as reflected by the indictment, the State
chose to indict the appellant in Dickson County for forgery. Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-
14-114(b)(1)(A).1
Second, it is undisputed that the appellant's act of forging the signature of
another occurred in Humphreys County. Thus, in order to establish venue in
Dickson County, it was incumbent upon the State to encompass the conduct of the
innocent agent. Criminal responsibility for the conduct of another is governed by the
provisions of the 1989 Criminal Code. Girdley was decided in 1930. Under our
current code, a person is criminally liable for his own unlawful conduct, the conduct
1
The ind ictmen t in relevant pa rt charge s that Do rothy She ldon "did for ge and mak e . . . a
certain pa per writing, to -wit: a Reta il Installmen t Contrac t and Se curity Agree men t . . ."
of another for which he is responsible, or both. Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-11-401.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-11-402(1) provides that a person is criminally responsible for
an offense committed by the conduct of another, if the person "causes or aids an
innocent or irresponsible person to engage in unlawful conduct." In other words, a
person is "accountable for the behavior of an innocent or irresponsible person when
he has caused such behavior to occur, provided he has caused it with the purpose,
knowledge, recklessness, or negligence that the law requires for commission of the
crime with which he has been charged," regardless of whether or not such other
person is capable of forming the culpable mental state. MODEL PENAL CODE , § 2.06.
Thus, under this theory of criminal responsibility, venue could have been established
in Dickson County as the appellant knowingly caused the innocent clerk to prepare
the credit application with the intent to defraud.2 This theory, however, was neither
relied upon by the State nor charged to the jury by the trial court. Although an
indictment need not allege "the theory by which the state seeks to hold the
defendant responsible for the criminal act," the trial court has a duty, even without a
request, to give a complete charge of the applicable law to the facts of the case
including instructing the jury as to the theories of both the prosecution and defense.
State v. Stoddard, 909 S.W.2d 454, 460 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994) (citations omitted);
State v. Locke, 771 S.W.2d 132, 138 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1988) (citation omitted). In
sum, because no theory of criminal liability connects the appellant's conduct in
Humphreys County to conduct in Dickson County, I find no element of the charged
offense occurring in the latter venue.
For the foregoing reasons, I would dismiss, finding the evidence insufficient to
establish venue in Dickson County.
____________________________________
DAVID G. HAYES, Judge
2
If one or more elem ents of an offense are com mitted in one county and one or m ore
elements in another, the offense may be prosecuted in either county. Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-11-
103(d).
2