United States Court of Appeals
For the First Circuit
No. 05-2023
ABID ABDULLAH,
Petitioner,
v.
ALBERTO R. GONZALES,
UNITED STATES ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Respondent.
ON PETITION FOR REVIEW OF AN ORDER OF THE
BOARD OF IMMIGRATION APPEALS
Before
Howard, Circuit Judge,
Coffin and Campbell, Senior Circuit Judges.
Raymond J. Sanders and Immigrant Law Center on brief for
petitioner.
Peter D. Keisler, Assistant Attorney General, Anthony W.
Norwood, Senior Litigation Counsel, and Virginia Lum, Attorney,
Office of Immigration Litigation, U.S. Department of Justice, Civil
Division, on brief for respondent.
August 31, 2006
CAMPBELL, Senior Circuit Judge. Abid Abdullah, a native
and citizen of Pakistan, petitions for review of a June 10, 2005
Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals ("Board") denying his
motion to reopen his asylum application and his application for
protection under the Convention Against Torture ("CAT"). We deny
the petition for review.
I. Background
On November 8, 2002, the Immigration and Naturalization
Service ("INS")1 issued to Abdullah a Notice to Appear, charging he
was removable because, after being admitted to the United States as
a non-immigrant visitor, he had remained beyond the authorized
period. While conceding removability on that ground, Abdullah
sought relief from removal in the form of asylum, withholding of
removal, and protection under the CAT. An immigration judge ("IJ")
held hearings. On July 17, 2003, she denied Abdullah's
applications for relief. On October 6, 2004, the Board affirmed
the decision of the IJ without opinion. On October 22, 2004,
Abdullah filed with the Board a motion to reconsider. The Board
denied that motion on January 6, 2005. Abdullah moved the Board to
reopen on March 11, 2005, which motion was denied on June 10, 2005.
This petition followed.
1
The INS has since become ICE, the Bureau of Immigration and
Customs Enforcement, which is part of the Department of Homeland
Security.
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A. Petition for Asylum
Abdullah's asylum application stated that he is a citizen
and national of Pakistan who first entered the United States from
Pakistan on January 27, 2001. He remained here until April 26,
2001, when he returned to Pakistan. He came again to the United
States on July 2, 2002, on a visa that expired on October 1, 2002.
He said that in 1981 he had married Zarina Abid, a native and
citizen of Pakistan, and that she lived in Kashmir with their
children, who were born in 1983, 1985, 1986 and 1988. Abdullah
indicated that his application for asylum or withholding of removal
was grounded on persecution, or fear of persecution, based upon
political opinion.2 Abdullah stated that he had experienced past
harm in Pakistan because of "charges" and his membership in the
"political party--AWAMI National Party." He said he feared
returning to Pakistan because he "will be stoned and beaten" and
"tortured by Islamic fundamentalists" and militants because of his
"political association."
In a December 20, 2002 statement attached to his asylum
application, Abdullah wrote that he was arrested on October 17,
2002 by Middleboro, Massachusetts police for "having sex with two
2
An alien seeking asylum has the burden of proving he is
unable or unwilling to return to his home country either because of
"'persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of
race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social
group, or political opinion.'" Makhoul v. Ashcroft, 387 F.3d 75,
79 (1st Cir. 2004) (quoting 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(A)) (emphasis
supplied).
-3-
women." He wrote that the charges were dropped, but, according to
his information and "newspaper publishing's [sic] from Pakistan,
the Islamic fundamentalists in the wake of political animosity have
made this issue the basis of declaring death sentence for [him.]"
He wrote that the fundamentalists had made life "hell for [him] and
[his] family" and had threatened to murder him in public.
Abdullah explained that the AWAMI National Party ("ANP")
had been founded by Abdul Khan, a progressive nationalist, and that
the party has fought against Islamic fundamentalists for the last
56 years. Abdullah stated that he had worked with the party for
the last thirty years in an effort to uphold human rights, and that
his activities caused him to be considered to be among the top
political leaders of the ANP at the national level. Abdullah wrote
that the Islamic fundamentalists label ANP party leaders to be
"pagans and agents of United States and India," and that they "blew
this baseless sex scandal out of proportion against [him] as a
political issue." He wrote that the difference between the ANP
party and the fundamentalists is that the "ANP is striving to
improve economic conditions of the citizens of Pakistan," and that,
by contrast, the fundamentalists do not work to improve citizens'
lives but rather "push for orthodox religious ideas."
Abdullah asserted that in a meeting in Pakistan of
fundamentalist religious leaders, he was "out caste [sic] from the
religion and ordered death by stoning" because, according to
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Islamic law, a married man who is caught having sex with a woman
other than his wife is punishable by death through stoning. He
wrote that "due to this bad publicity other religious organizations
are following the propaganda by using newspapers to declare death
sentence for [him.]" He claimed that "according to these
newspapers, these fundamentalists attacked [his] house in Mardan,
NWFP [Northwest Frontier Province] and injured [his] two sons," and
that the city mayor had put 24-hour police surveillance on his
house.
Abdullah wrote also that, prior to his coming to the
United States, the fundamentalist party in Pakistan had forced him
"not to compete against their candidate" during elections and had
asked him to "leave the country for a few months." He stated that
his "USA visa" expired on October 1, 2002, but since the general
elections were "due after nine days on October 10, 2002," he had to
overstay his visa. As he was preparing to return to Pakistan,
however, "suddenly Middleboro police arrested [him] for this sex
scandal" and jailed him for two months. He wrote that he was an
"accomplished political figure . . . successful businessman" and
owner of a company engaged in ocean cargo management that involves
millions of Pakistani rupees.
B. Hearing before the IJ
On July 17, 2003, Abdullah, appearing pro se, testified
before the IJ. Abdullah said that Dilawar Jan, the "information
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secretary" of the Jamiat Ul Islam "religious fanatics
organization," told him to leave Pakistan before his arrival in the
U.S. in 2002, in order to allow the fundamentalists to have a
"position open for them" in the country's elections. He stated
that this was the only "trouble" he experienced in Pakistan and
admitted that he otherwise "ha[s] no political problems."
Abdullah stated that the main reason that he is afraid to
return to Pakistan is that he believes "people have heard that [he
was] charged with a crime." He testified that people in Pakistan
"found out" about the Massachusetts charges against him derived
from the Middleboro incident and that "it was given to the
newspapers also." He testified that the Pakistani newspapers had
learned of the story because a friend of his in Texas, Kahlid, told
his brother, president of the Peshawar Press Club, that Abdullah
had been arrested in the United States. He claimed that three days
after the news was published in the Pakistani press, he "started
getting letters from the religious people," including one
affiliated with the Moahammadi ("M") organization. Abdullah
testified that the M group published in two local newspapers in
Mardan that Abdullah had become nonreligious, and "now we need to
stone him to death."
Abdullah testified that his family left Pakistan, went to
Kashmir, and are now living in a "jungle." He claimed he cannot
join them because he cannot live "in the jungle out there." He
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also claimed that he could not move to some other city in Pakistan
because "religious fanatics are everywhere." He testified that,
although the entire population of Pakistan does not know of the
accusations against him, "these people will find out somehow or the
other."
Abdullah proffered several documents in support of his
claim, including newspaper clippings in Urdu with which he
submitted English translations. One, said to be from the Daily
Gouj in Mardan, was dated October 21, 2002 and was translated to
say that Abdullah had been arrested on rape charges in the United
States. The translations reflected that a similar bureau report
appeared in the Daily Parwaz of Peshawar on October 21, 2002.3 A
report in the Daily Pukhtoon of Mardan on October 23, 2002 stated
that Abdullah had been declared a "pagan" by religious clerics. A
translation from the Daily Badban in Peshawar on October 22, 2002
was headlined "Abdullah Abid insulted Islam in America" because he
had allegedly raped someone. A translation of an October 26, 2002
report from the Daily Shaheen in Mardan reported that rocks were
thrown and gunshots taken at Abdullah's house. A similar report
appeared in the Daily Haider of Peshawar on October 23, 2002. A
translation of a report appearing in the Daily Ittefaq of Mardan on
3
Peshawar, located on the border of Afghanistan, is very close
to Mardan, Abdullah's hometown. Both places are within the
Northwestern Frontier Province, an area with the reputation, as we
later take note, infra, of containing Islamic extremists as well as
Taliban remnants.
-7-
October 24, 2002 stated, "Abdullah Abid will be shot to death on
return to Pakistan." An English clipping from the Daily
Microscreen in Peshawar on November 28, 2002 is headlined "Abdullah
Abid comes to stoning" and states that religious extremists have
sentenced him to death as a result of the charges against him in
the United States. All of the articles are stated to be from
newspapers in the northwest region of Pakistan.
One unlabeled, undated article contained a picture of a
person holding a banner on which was handwritten, in English, and
in reverse, as if it had been flipped in xeroxing, "We want
Abdullah Abid." Asked why the document appeared altered (the
lettering went outside the confines of the banner, as if it had
been written onto the picture after the fact), Abdullah stated that
he "did not know" because he was "in jail at the time" and did not
know "how they were published or how they were done." The
government challenged the authenticity of Abdullah's proffered
newspaper clippings and stated that after an extensive search
through electronic sources, it could "not find any existence of any
of these newspapers."
Abdullah reiterated his belief that he would be harmed by
religious people if he returned to his hometown and stated that
they would kill him since, he alleged, they had already issued a
"[killing] order" that "cannot be taken back." He also testified
that when he was in Pakistan, he was "rolling in millions," and
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claimed that he worked at the Stop and Shop in Middleboro,
Massachusetts only because his friend owned it. He said he did not
know what happened to his "millions."
Abdullah admitted that in Pakistan, if one is accused of
rape, the law requires that "four Muslim men of good moral
character have to have witnessed it," which was not the case in the
Middleboro incident, but stated that when "religious fanatics do
the decision, they just do it without any witnesses; they can
decide whatever."
Ronaz Zaman, a United States citizen, testified that he
had met Abdullah in Pakistan three years previously at a political
function. Zaman testified that he himself was not politically
active and had no business dealings with Abdullah. Zaman testified
that he had visited Pakistan three months ago and tried to visit
Abdullah's factory but found a "big lock" on the door.
Waheed Mansur, an acquaintance who had recently met
Abdullah, testified that he helped Abdullah translate some
documents. Mansur testified that he had very little knowledge of
the ANP party but knew that it was a very small party based in the
Northwest Frontier Province that was never able either to gain
power or take over the government in Pakistan.
The record contains numerous results of computerized
searches for the names of the newspapers which Abdullah said had
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published stories about the Middleboro incident. Those results
verify that the search did not return any hits.
Abdullah submitted other evidence, including copies of
unidentified photos and letters, an October 17, 2002 Criminal
Complaint from the Trial Court of Massachusetts (Wareham District
Court) charging him with indecent assault and battery on a person
over fourteen and also with assault and battery.
C. IJ's Decision
On July 17, 2003, after reviewing the testimony and
evidence, the IJ denied Abdullah's application for asylum,
withholding of removal, and protection under CAT, and ordered his
removal to Pakistan. She noted that Abdullah's two witnesses
appeared credible but not very knowledgeable about Abdullah's
activities. The IJ stated that she would "take [Abdullah] at his
word" regarding some proffered photographs of Abdullah and ANP
members.
The IJ noted Abdullah's testimony that he was involved
with the ANP, helped with humanitarian causes in Pakistan, and was
"rolling in millions" in his home country as a businessman, but she
found it "difficult to characterize [Abdullah's] credibility." She
credited his testimony that he had never had any political problems
prior to his arrival in the United States in 2001 and that the only
"trouble" he experienced in Pakistan occurred when the secretary of
the Jamiat Ul Islam party "whispered" to him that "it would be a
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good thing if [he] le[ft] the country." The IJ also noted the
Massachusetts complaint issued against Abdullah concerning an
"incident" with two girls at a store was later dismissed and that
he was presumed innocent.
Regarding Abdullah's proffered documents, the judge
expressed "serious doubts about the authenticity of [a particular]
document," noting that it did "not seem that everything even
matches up." The IJ pointed out that the photograph on the page
showed that it may have been "at one time of persons holding a
banner but it seems quite clear that whatever was on that, or if it
was a blank, has been written on but written on the photograph, not
the banner," suggesting that after the photograph was taken,
someone had manually created the text of the banner. The IJ said
the writing on the banner in the picture seemed "to go outside of
the border," and that the "A" in "Abdullah" "simply, even to the
naked eye, looks like a composite and/or altered document."
The IJ concluded that this unexplained and material
discrepancy "severely hampers [Abdullah's] credibility on the issue
of what would occur to him if he were to return to his home based
on the incident in the United States," and found that she could
"not accept these documents as authentic documents." She wrote
that even if the documents had been "published" (while noting that
there was no evidence of how they were published), that "they
certainly do [] appear to be . . . fraudulent document[s] and so on
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that part, which is actually the central part of [Abdullah's]
claim . . . [Abdullah] is not credible."
Further, the IJ wrote that even if there was publicity in
Pakistan that Abdullah had "raped two girls . . . that publicity in
his home country, even if it was not altered, or doctored in some
way, is certainly inaccurate." The IJ also found Abdullah's claim
that this information appeared in local Pakistani papers because
his friend's friend decided to publish it, and that an Islamic
organization "now wished to harm him," to be a contention that was
"not . . . terribly likely." The IJ, noting Abdullah's admission
that the real issue was "not his political matter," but the
"incident that occurred in the U.S." and the alleged follow-up
publicity, found Abdullah "not credible on that issue as to the
publicity," and found that even if [the claimed newspaper
clippings] were published and circulated, "that they were, at least
in some respects, doctored."
Regardless of her finding that Abdullah was "not credible
on the core of his claim," due to the "doctoring of the documents,"
the IJ also found it "unlikely that this would be such big news in
his home country." She wrote that even if Abdullah were a man of
means and involved with his party, it did "not seem that he was
such a public figure that this would be of particular interest,"
pointing out that "the claim is false and he was not charged with
raping two girls." Finally, she also found it "highly unlikely
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that in the country of 200,000,000 people in Pakistan, that
[Abdullah] could not find some area of safety in his home country
by relocating, if necessary, within Pakistan."
The IJ concluded that Abdullah failed to meet his burden
to establish entitlement to asylum. In the IJ's view, having not
met the more generous well-founded fear of persecution standard,
"he cannot meet the more stringent standard for withholding of
removal." An alien seeking withholding of removal bears the burden
of proving that his or her "life or freedom would be threatened in
that country because of the alien's race, religion, nationality,
membership in a particular social group, or political opinion." 8
U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A); 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(b). An alien who fails
to satisfy the standard for asylum automatically fails to satisfy
the more stringent standard for withholding of removal. Mekhoukh
v. Ashcroft, 358 F.3d 118, 130 (1st Cir. 2004); Guzman v. INS, 327
F.3d 11, 16 (1st Cir. 2003). The IJ further pointed out that
Abdullah "has not shown that he has ever been tortured in the past
by the government of Pakistan, nor does it seem likely that he
would be tortured in the future," reiterating her finding that
Abdullah was not credible on matters substantial to his claim. The
IJ thus found Abdullah not eligible for protection under the CAT
and ordered him removed to Pakistan.
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D. Motion to Reconsider and Motion to Reopen
After the Board had affirmed the IJ's order without
opinion on October 6, 2004, Abdullah moved to reconsider on October
22, 2004. The Board denied the motion on January 6, 2005. On
March 11, 2005, Abdullah filed a motion to reopen, submitting "new
evidence" consisting of "national daily newspapers, which amount to
testimonials and affidavits," and asserting the same claims made in
his applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT
protection, and claiming that his previous testimony was credible.
He argued that the IJ had erred in questioning his credibility
regarding the newspaper articles when "the printing technology
based in Pakistan couldn't be compared to that of the United
States." He further argued in the motion that his family and
property were under attack in Pakistan and that his family was in
hiding.
The attached exhibit contained 21 newspaper clippings
allegedly from newspapers said to be circulated in Peshawar,
Karachi, Islamabad, and Rawalpindi, Pakistan.4 The clippings were
4
Except for Karachi, these cities are all located in or, in
the case of Rawalpindi, on the border of, Pakistan's so-called
Northwest Frontier Province in northern Pakistan, next to
Afghanistan. Abdullah's hometown, Mardan, is similarly located in
that province, not far from Afghanistan. Accordingly, Abdullah's
characterization of newspapers in Peshawar, Islamabad and
Rawalpindi as "national daily newspapers" would seem questionable
if that characterization is meant to suggest that Abdullah's
affairs were being reported in Pakistan nationwide, beyond the
Northwest Frontier Province where the main players in the drama
appear to have lived. (The piece in the Karachi newspapers was a
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dated between January 24, 2005 and January 31, 2005 and were
accompanied by translations done by an Ovais Shekhani, along with
several dozen additional, untranslated and unmarked pages.
The translation of one clipping from the Daily Katehra,
allegedly circulated in Peshawar on January 31, 2005, referred to
the "heaving (sic) firing on the house of Awami National Party's
Provisional Leader Abdullah Abid." A clipping from the Daily Jihad
in Peshawar on January 31, 2005 is translated by Shekhani to say
that Abdullah's family has been threatened over the telephone and
that his wife and son "want to Hunger Strike in front of the United
Nation office and Human rights office." Two similar reports are
included from the Daily Haider in Peshawar and the Daily Surkhab in
Peshawar on January 31, 2005. A clipping in English from the Daily
Times in Karachi dated January 27, 2005 appears to be an
advertisement placed by Abdullah's wife entitled "Appeal for
Protection." It details attacks on her family's home, her
financial difficulties, and closes with an appeal to the Human
Rights Commission in Pakistan "to help our family relocate in any
third country to spend threats-free life."
A translated excerpt from the Daily Musalmaan in
Islamabad, dated January 27, 2005, is a bureau report from Mardan
stating that a human rights commissioner and reporter separately
"strongly condemned the gun fire from terrorist [sic] at ANP's
paid advertisement by Abdullah's wife, not a news report.)
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provisional leader Abdullah Abid house, and gave assurance of full
support." The same Mardan bureau report seems to have been printed
in the Daily Ausaf and Daily Jinnah in Islamabad and the Daily
Katehra in Peshawar on January 27, 2005. A translated Mardan
bureau report from the Daily Jihad in Peshawar dated January 25,
2005 states that a firing on the house of Abdullah was designed to
target his family and stop his return home from the United States.
A translated Mardan bureau report from the Daily Islam in Peshawar
dated January 25, 2005 states that "some unknown guys did a heavy
gun fire at the house of Awami National Party Abdullah Abid,
however, all family members are save [sic]." It goes on to state
that police officers rushed to the house to begin an investigation.
A translated Mardan bureau report from the Daily Katehra in
Peshawar dated January 25, 2005 states that Abdullah's wife has
said that she has been getting telephonic threats designed to
change her husband's political views.
A translated Mardan bureau report from the Daily Jihad in
Peshawar dated January 25, 2005 refers to the gun shots at
Abdullah's house and the fact that Abdullah's wife has said that
she has received telephonic threats. The report explained that the
shots are designed to keep her husband from returning to Pakistan.
His wife then said in response "that her husband is being declare
[sic] innocent by USA courts on which they response [sic] back that
when they don't accept USA how they going to accept there [sic]
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courts and there [sic] decisions." A translated Mardan bureau
report from the Daily Surkhab in Peshawar dated January 24, 2005
reports heavy gun fire at Abdullah's house but that his family was
unharmed. A translated Mardan bureau report from the Daily Jinnah
in Islamabad dated January 24, 2005 reports gun fire at Abdullah's
house. Similar reports ran the same day in the Daily Subh in
Peshawar, the Daily Khabrain in Peshawar, the Daily Jang of
Rawalpindi/Islamabad, the Daily Mashriq in Peshawar, the Daily
Pakistan in Peshawar and the Daily AAJ in Peshawar. No specific
mention is made in these articles of the Massachusetts sexual
assault charges against Abdullah.
On June 10, 2005, the Board denied Abdullah's motion to
reopen, observing that motions to reopen are disfavored and that
Abdullah bore a very heavy burden in making his request to seek
reopening. The Board stated that Abdullah had submitted "a variety
of newspaper articles similar in nature to the article that the
Immigration Judge found to be doctored." The Board wrote:
while the articles are of recent date, we do not find
that [Abdullah] has made a persuasive case that the new
evidence he has submitted would change the previous
decisions in this case, in which both the Immigration
Judge and this Board concluded that [Abdullah] had not
established that he qualifies for asylum or withholding
of removal. Accordingly, [the Board found] that
[Abdullah] has not met his "heavy burden" to have his
proceedings reopened.
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II. Discussion
A. Standard of Review
A court of appeals reviews the Board's denial of motions
to reopen or to reconsider for an abuse of discretion. INS v.
Doherty, 502 U.S. 314, 315 (1992) (denial of motion to reopen
reviewed for abuse of discretion regardless of the underlying basis
of the alien's request to reopen); Herbert v. Ashcroft, 325 F.3d
68, 70 (1st Cir. 2003). The Attorney General has discretion to
determine whether to reopen or reconsider a case. INS v. Abudu,
485 U.S. 94, 108 (1988). Our review is highly deferential,
focusing on the rationality of the decision to deny reconsideration
and reopening, not on the merits per se, of the underlying claim.
The Board's decision "will be upheld unless it is arbitrary,
irrational, or contrary to law." Ahwazi v. INS, 751 F.2d 1120,
1122 (9th Cir. 1985).
A motion to reopen must be based upon new material
evidence that was not available and which the alien could not have
presented at the prior hearing. Doherty, 502 U.S. at 323. There
is a "strong public interest in bringing litigation to a close."
Abudu, 485 U.S. at 107. The Board's discretion is broad:
If INS discretion is to mean anything, it must be that
the INS has some latitude in deciding when to reopen a
case. The INS should have the right to be restrictive.
Granting such motions too freely will permit endless
delay of deportation by aliens creative and fertile
enough to continuously produce new and material facts
sufficient to establish a prima facie case. It will also
waste the time and efforts of immigration judges called
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upon to preside at hearings automatically required by the
prima facie allegations.
Abudu, 485 U.S. at 108.
It is the burden of the alien seeking asylum to prove
that he is unable or unwilling to return to his home country either
because of past persecution or a well-founded fear of future
persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a
particular social group, or political opinion. Makhoul, 387 F.3d
at 79 (citing 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(A)). If, as here, the agent
of the persecution is other than the government or government-
sponsored force, the alien must show that it would not be
reasonable to expect him to relocate internally to avoid the risk
of persecution. 8 C.F.R. §§ 208.13(b)(2)(ii), 208.13(b)(3)(i).
B. Analysis
Abdullah argues that the Board erred in finding that he
had not met his heavy burden to have the proceedings reopened. He
points out that his motion to reopen was accompanied by stories
from ten different newspapers in Pakistan.5 These, he contends,
demonstrate that his original exhibits were credible.
Abdullah insists that the Board "did not review[] the
newly submitted exhibits" or take "any time at all to analyze the
5
A motion to reopen must "state the new facts that will be
proven at a hearing to be held if the motion is granted and shall
be supported by affidavits or other evidentiary material." 8
C.F.R. § 1003.2(c).
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content of the stories regarding [him], his political activities,
[or] the incident in the USA," which allegedly triggered "enormous
publicity and impressive volume of coverage in the Pakistan press."
He claims that the Board "blindly affirmed and adopted the decision
of the judge . . . based on the fact that the judge did not find
him credible as to the most important part of his claim."
The Board's order denying the motion to reopen is not,
however, without indication that the Board considered the newly
submitted exhibits. The Board stated that it found Abdullah's
"variety of newspaper articles to be similar in nature" to
previously submitted evidence and concluded that the "new evidence"
was similar to the article that the IJ had "found to be doctored."
The Board went on to state that, although it recognized that "the
articles are of recent date," Abdullah had still failed to make a
case that the submitted new evidence would change the previous
decisions in the case in which the IJ and the Board had determined
that Abdullah had not established eligibility for asylum or
withholding of removal on the merits.
In making the latter point, the Board may be understood
to have referred not just to whether the newspaper accounts were
themselves authentic but to the broader issue of whether Abdullah
had established a right to asylum even if the articles were as
represented. The IJ concluded, and the Board earlier affirmed,
that even if the articles were accurate, it did not seem that
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Abdullah was such a public figure that the news would be of
particular interest throughout Pakistan. Abdullah's own witness
portrayed the ANP party as a very small party based in the
Northwest Frontier Province that was never able to gain power in
Pakistan. The IJ observed that, in a country of 200,000,000
people, it was highly unlikely that Abdullah would not be able to
find some area of safety by relocating in Pakistan. All the
articles included in the motion to reopen, as in the earlier
evidence, came from newspapers in or proximate to the Northwest
Frontier Province, save for the advertisement inserted by
Abdullah's wife in a paper in Karachi. The latter, being a paid
advertisement, did not necessarily show that Abdullah and his
plight were newsworthy throughout the many parts of Pakistan lying
outside the Northwest Frontier Province. Indeed, the central
government is reputed to lack firm control over portions of the
Northwest Frontier Province. See Carlotta Gall and Elisabeth
Bumiller, Pakistan is Tense as Bush Arrives on 24-Hour Visit, N.Y.
Times, March 4, 2006, at A1 ("In the North West Frontier Province,
which borders Afghanistan, the army is fighting a long campaign
against Islamic extremists, including Taliban remnants. Many say
Osama bin Laden may be hiding there."). In fact, Abdullah did not
argue in his brief in support of his review petition that he would
be unable to avoid persecution by the fundamentalist groups
allegedly seeking to harm him were he to relocate to another part
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of Pakistan. See 8 C.F.R. § 208.13(b)(2)(ii); see also Sepulveda
v. U.S. Attorney General, 401 F.3d 1226, 1231 (11th Cir. 2005)
("[W]here the alleged persecutors are not affiliated with the
government, it is not unreasonable to require a refugee who has an
internal resettlement alternative in his own country to pursue that
option before seeking permanent resettlement in the United States,
or at least to establish that such an option is unavailable.").
It is true that Abdullah stated at the hearing before the
IJ that he could not move to some other city in Pakistan because
"religious fanatics are everywhere" and "these people will find out
somehow or the other." But the IJ declined to accept this
assessment relative to Abdullah, finding instead that even if he
were a man of means and involved with his party, it did not seem he
was such a public figure that he could not find a safe haven in a
country the size of Pakistan. The IJ's conclusion is supported by
evidence that the ANP party is itself based in the Northwest
Frontier Province, is very small, and has not gained power
nationally, as well as by the absence of other persuasive evidence
that Abdullah was a nationally known personage, all factors
indicating that any danger to Abdullah was likely to be local
rather than national in scope. In his rehearing petition, Abdullah
submitted no new evidence on the lack of feasability of his
relocating somewhere in Pakistan. Accordingly, even assuming the
Board were to have accepted as true the version of events presented
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in the alleged news accounts from Peshawar, Islamabad, and
Rawalpindi in Northern Pakistan, it could reasonably accept the
IJ's conclusion that it was unlikely that Abdullah would not be
able to find refuge elsewhere in a country the size of Pakistan.
We hold that the Board did not abuse its considerable
discretion in denying Abdullah's motion to reopen.
We deny the petition for review.
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