Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 762
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION IV
CV-13-108
No.
Opinion Delivered December 18, 2013
JACQUELINE TAYLOR APPEAL FROM THE LONOKE
APPELLANT COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
[NO. CV-10-365]
V.
HONORABLE SANDY HUCKABEE,
CYNTHIA MILES JUDGE
APPELLEE
AFFIRMED
WAYMOND M. BROWN, Judge
Appellant Jacqueline Taylor appeals the November 5, 2012 decree quieting title to
certain lots in Lonoke County to appellee Cynthia Miles.1 Appellant argues that because
appellee failed to obtain valid service on appellant within 120 days of filing the petition to
quiet title, the decree quieting title must be set aside. We affirm.
The pertinent facts of this case are not in dispute. Appellee filed her petition to quiet
title on April 28, 2010, claiming that she had adversely possessed certain lands. Appellant was
named as a defendant in the petition.2 Appellee published her notice of the quiet-title action
1
Lots are described as:
LOTS THREE (3), FOUR (4), FIVE (5), AND SIX (6) BLOCK ONE (1), MCQUEEN
ADDITION CITY OF CARLISLE, LONOKE COUNTY, ARKANSAS.
2
The petition was filed against Bertha Nichols Estate, Jacqueline Taylor, and Unknown
Heirs of Bertha Nichols Estate.
Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 762
for four weeks in the local paper beginning on May 12, 2010. Appellee attempted service on
appellant by certified, restricted mail on June 3, 2010, to the address listed for appellant with
the Lonoke County Tax Assessor. This mail was returned and marked “unclaimed.”
Appellee next attempted service via the sheriff of Jackson County, Missouri, at the same
address. The sheriff was advised that no one by appellant’s name lived at the address. At a
hearing held on September 3, 2010, the court advised the parties that the case would not
proceed further until service was perfected on all of the defendants. Appellee filed an affidavit
for warning order September 23, 2010. On September 24, 2010, the court signed a warning
order. The warning order was published on September 29, 2010, and again on October 6,
2010.
Appellant filed an answer on July 12, 2012, claiming an interest in the property. She
stated that she was a “certified heir to the Bertha Nichols Estate” and she denied appellee’s
claim of adverse possession. Appellant asked the court to deny appellee’s petition and that
“the Plaintiffs and anyone who may be claiming title by and through or under them enjoined
temporarily and permanently from claiming any interest in the property.” She further asked
the court to determine that she and “other heirs has [sic] legal and real title to said property
and all other just and proper relief to which she may be entitled.” Appellee filed a motion for
default judgment, a motion to strike appellant’s answer, and a motion for judgment on the
pleadings on July 23, 2012. The trial court held a hearing on appellee’s motion on July 30,
2012. The court declined to make a ruling on appellee’s motions at that time, noting that
appellant still had time to file a response. On August 17, 2012, appellant filed a motion to
2
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dismiss, claiming appellee did not perfect service on her before 120 days as mandated by Rule
4(i) of the Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure, and did not seek an extension to perfect service.
On August 17, 2012, appellant also responded to appellee’s July 23, 2012 motions, again
arguing that service had not been perfected within the statutory limit.
The court filed a decree quieting title to the property in appellee on November 5,
2012. In the order, the court found that proper notice and service of process had been
effectuated. The court denied and dismissed the remaining claims for relief. Appellant’s
timely notice of appeal was filed on December 4, 2012. This appeal followed.
Appellant argues that the trial court lost jurisdiction to take any action on the case
because appellee did not serve her within the time specified in the rule. Therefore, according
to appellant, the trial court erred by granting appellee’s petition to quiet title. Quiet-title
actions have traditionally been reviewed de novo as equity actions.3 However, we will not
reverse the circuit court’s findings in such actions unless the findings are clearly erroneous.4
A finding of fact is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to support it, we are
left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made.5
While we agree with appellant that statutory service requirements must be strictly
construed and that compliance with them must be exact,6 we find her argument unavailing.
3
City of Cabot v. Brians, 93 Ark. App. 77, 216 S.W.3d 627 (2005).
4
Id.
5
Id.
6
See Bob Cole Bonding v. State, 340 Ark. 641, 13 S.W.3d 147 (2000).
3
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“It is well settled that pursuant to Ark. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(1), a party waives the defense of
sufficiency of process under Ark. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(4) if he or she fails to raise the argument
in either the answer or a motion filed simultaneously with or before the answer.”7 Appellant
filed her answer on July 12, 2012. The answer contained no assertion that service of process
was insufficient. Appellant did not object to, or reserve any issues concerning service of
process, adequacy, or sufficiency of service of process. Additionally, appellant sought
affirmative relief, that is, the pleading filed was more than a defensive action.8 Appellant asked
not only that appellee’s petition be denied, she asked that persons be enjoined from claiming
an interest in the property. Appellant did not challenge service until August 17, 2012, when
she filed a motion to dismiss the case. Therefore, under Ark. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(1), appellant’s
failure to assert the defense of insufficiency of service of process in her initial pleading resulted
in a waiver of the defense. Accordingly, we affirm.
Affirmed.
WYNNE and HIXSON, JJ., agree.
Ronald Carey Nichols, for appellant.
Stuart Law Firm, P.A., by: J. Michael Stuart, for appellee.
7
Dunklin v. First Magnus Fin. Corp., 79 Ark. App. 246, 86 S.W.3d 22 (2002).
8
Wallace v. Hale, 341 Ark. 898, 20 S.W.3d 392 (2000) (citing Storey v. Brewer, 232 Ark.
552, 339 S.W.2d 112 (1960)).
4