COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Frank, Kelsey and Alston
UNPUBLISHED
Argued by teleconference
VALERIE YVONNE LEWIS
MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
v. Record No. 0520-13-1 JUDGE ROSSIE D. ALSTON, JR.
APRIL 22, 2014
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF HAMPTON
Christopher W. Hutton, Judge
John E. Robins, Jr. (James B. Gochenour; Gochenour Boyle PLC, on
briefs), for appellant.
Katherine Quinlan Adelfio, Assistant Attorney General (Kenneth T.
Cuccinelli, II,1 Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Valerie Yvonne Lewis (appellant) appeals her conviction of felony welfare fraud in
violation of Code § 63.2-522. On appeal, appellant alleges that the trial court (i) “erred in
finding that [appellant] had willfully and voluntarily breached her plea agreement, because the
evidence showed that she was financially unable to pay the restitution called for in the
agreement,” (ii) “erred in finding [appellant] guilty of felony welfare fraud, because she had not
willfully and intentionally violated the plea agreement,” and (iii) erred in denying appellant’s
motion to reconsider the felony conviction, because she had not willfully and intentionally
violated the plea agreement and because the restitution had been paid in full at the time of the
sentencing. Finding no error, we affirm.
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
1
Mark R. Herring succeeded Kenneth T. Cuccinelli, II, as Attorney General on January
11, 2014.
I. Background
On February 2, 2009, a grand jury indicted appellant on one count of felony welfare fraud
in violation of Code § 63.2-522. On the date of appellant’s trial, December 9, 2009, appellant
and the Commonwealth entered into a plea agreement under Rule 3A:8(B) pursuant to which
appellant would enter an Alford plea2 to one count of felony welfare fraud in violation of Code
§ 63.2-522. In exchange, the Commonwealth agreed to recommend that the trial court:
i) withhold a finding of guilt on the felony welfare fraud charge for a period of two years; and
ii) if during that time appellant was of good behavior and paid restitution in the amount of
$3,005.75 to the Hampton Department of Social Services at a rate of at least $50 per month
beginning in January 2010, the charge would be reduced to misdemeanor welfare fraud and
appellant would be sentenced to twelve months in jail with all twelve months suspended for a
period of two years. The plea agreement specifically stated that “if these conditions are not met,
[appellant] will be found guilty of felony welfare fraud and will submit to a pre-sentence report
for sentencing.”
Appellant entered an Alford plea to the felony welfare charge, and the trial court
reviewed the terms of the plea agreement with appellant. The trial court accepted the proposed
disposition and in doing so held that the evidence was sufficient to convict appellant of felony
welfare fraud, but withheld its finding of guilt for a period of two years, as provided by the plea
agreement.
Thereafter, appellant failed to make payments in accordance with the terms of the plea
agreement and a show cause was issued to appellant on July 30, 2010. At the show cause
hearing on January 28, 2011, Donna Forbes, a fraud investigator with the Hampton Department
of Social Services, testified. Ms. Forbes testified that, with the exception of February 2010,
2
North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25 (1970).
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when appellant made a $20 payment, and November 2010, when appellant made a $230
payment, appellant failed to make payments to the Department of Social Services as required. In
addition, the Department recovered $90 that was deducted from the total amount of food stamps
to which appellant was entitled, prior to the balance being placed on appellant’s electronic
benefit card. At the time of the show cause hearing, appellant was approximately $310 short of
the total she should have paid based on the $50 per month payment schedule set forth in the plea
agreement and had a total outstanding balance of $2,665.75.
Appellant also testified at the show cause hearing and admitted that she had not made the
payments as required by the plea agreement. Appellant asserted that when she signed the plea
agreement, she anticipated making her restitution payments with funds from her federal
disability benefits, which were suspended for a period of time after the felony warrant was
issued. Appellant testified that her federal disability benefits were reinstated in August 2010 and
“then [the federal government] gave it all back to me in November [2010].” Appellant also
blamed her failure to pay restitution on a cancer diagnosis, proof of which was never provided at
the hearing.
In closing, appellant’s counsel stated the following:
Judge, given the totality of the circumstances I would respectfully
request that the [trial court] take no action at this time and leave
the matter for the review date. Obviously [appellant] has a big
issue with the full amount having to be paid. She has a family
member that she’s hoping will be able to come through to assist
her with that. Technically, yes, Judge, she is in violation, she’s not
paid $50 a month, but I would ask given the circumstances to
which she had testified if the [trial court] would allow this matter
to remain under review with no action until the December review
date. Obviously, if she’s not come through with her plan of paying
the full amount by that date, then that’s an issue that will have to
be taken up at that time.
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At the conclusion of the show cause hearing, the trial court held that appellant violated the plea
agreement and found her guilty of felony welfare fraud. The trial court entered an order setting
forth its finding of guilt, ordering a presentence report, and setting sentencing for April 6, 2011.
A series of continuances requested by both the Commonwealth and appellant at different
times, failures to appear by appellant, and changes in appellant’s counsel resulted in the
sentencing hearing taking place over two years later on February 26, 2013. On February 8, 2013,
appellant filed a “motion to vacate finding of guilt” stating that she had been unable to pay
pursuant to the plea agreement due to her disabilities, lack of income, and medical issues, and
that as of January 24, 2013, her balance had been paid in full. Relying on these particular
arguments, appellant requested the trial court reconsider its January 28, 2011 finding of guilt.
The trial court heard appellant’s motion to vacate the finding of guilt during the
sentencing on her felony welfare conviction on February 26, 2013. During argument on
appellant’s motion, counsel requested the trial court “put[] [appellant] back in the position of the
deal that was originally struck given what she has suffered, and the restitution is now paid.”
Counsel further argued, “I don’t think [the failure to pay pursuant to the plea agreement is] as
merely willful as the Commonwealth suggests, and, again, we would ask the Court for leniency.”
The trial court denied appellant’s motion to vacate the finding of guilt and on the felony
conviction, sentenced appellant to twelve months’ incarceration and suspended all of it for a
period of two years, pursuant to the plea agreement. This appeal followed.
II. Analysis
Appellant argues on appeal that the trial court erred in convicting her of felony welfare
fraud because she did not willfully or voluntarily breach the plea agreement and because she had
paid the restitution in full at the time of her sentencing. The Commonwealth first argues that
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appellant failed to preserve these issues for appellate review pursuant to Rule 5A:18 and that the
“ends of justice” exception to Rule 5A:18 does not apply. We agree with the Commonwealth.
Rule 5A:18 provides in part:
No ruling of the trial court . . . will be considered as a basis for
reversal unless an objection was stated with reasonable certainty at
the time of the ruling, except for good cause shown or to enable the
Court of Appeals to attain the ends of justice.
“Under this rule, a specific argument must be made to the trial court at the appropriate time, or
the allegation of error will not be considered on appeal.” Edwards v. Commonwealth, 41
Va. App. 752, 760, 589 S.E.2d 444, 448 (2003) (en banc) (citing Mounce v. Commonwealth, 4
Va. App. 433, 435, 357 S.E.2d 742, 744 (1987)). Furthermore, “[m]aking one specific argument
on an issue does not preserve a separate legal point on the same issue for review.” Id. (citing
Clark v. Commonwealth, 30 Va. App. 406, 411-12, 517 S.E.2d 260, 262 (1999)). “The purpose
of the contemporaneous objection rule embodied in Rule 5A:18 is to inform the trial judge of the
action complained of in order to give the judge the opportunity to consider the issue and to take
timely corrective action, if warranted, in order to avoid unnecessary appeals, reversals and
mistrials.” Robinson v. Commonwealth, 13 Va. App. 574, 576, 413 S.E.2d 885, 886 (1992)
(citing Hogan v. Commonwealth, 5 Va. App. 36, 45, 360 S.E.2d 371, 376 (1987)).
Appellant’s assignments of error all center on her argument that she did not willfully or
voluntarily breach the plea agreement and that, therefore, the trial court impermissibly found her
guilty of welfare fraud. We hold that appellant did not preserve this issue for appellate review.
At the January 28, 2011 hearing, appellant never argued that the trial court impermissibly found
her guilty of felony welfare fraud, as provided by the plea agreement. Rather, appellant first
admitted that she breached the plea agreement and then requested leniency from the trial court in
determining her punishment. Appellant did not file a motion to reconsider or any other type of
objection after the January 28, 2011 hearing, at the conclusion of which the trial court found her
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guilty of felony welfare fraud and entered an order to that effect. Rather, she waited until over
two years later on February 8, 2013, and on that date failed to make any argument that the trial
court could not have found appellant guilty of felony welfare fraud because the violation of her
plea agreement was not willful or voluntary.
Furthermore, even if objecting on February 8, 2013, would have been considered timely
under Rule 5A:18, appellant did not argue that the trial court impermissibly found appellant
guilty of felony welfare fraud in her motion to vacate finding of guilt. Rather, appellant argued
for leniency due to her circumstances. The trial court and the Commonwealth were never
provided the opportunity to address appellant’s argument that because she did not willfully
breach the plea agreement, the trial court could not properly find her guilty of felony welfare
fraud.
We further hold that Rule 5A:18’s “ends of justice” exception does not apply in this case.
“To invoke the ends of justice exception to Rule 5A:18, the record must ‘affirmatively show[]
that a miscarriage of justice has occurred, not . . . merely . . . that a miscarriage might have
occurred.’” Marshall v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 627, 636, 496 S.E.2d 120, 125 (1998)
(quoting Mounce v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 433, 436, 357 S.E.2d 742, 744 (1987)
(emphasis in the original)).
To satisfy this burden, an appellant must show “more than that the
Commonwealth failed to prove an element of the offense . . . . The
appellant must demonstrate that he or she was convicted for
conduct that was not a criminal offense[,] or the record must
affirmatively prove that an element of the offense did not occur.”
Id. at 636-37, 496 S.E.2d at 125 (quoting Redman v. Commonwealth, 25 Va. App. 215, 221-22,
487 S.E.2d 269, 272-73 (1997) (emphasis in the original)).
In this case, appellant entered an Alford plea to one count of felony welfare fraud.
Following the December 9, 2009 trial date, the trial court ruled and set forth in its “sentencing
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order” that the evidence was sufficient to convict appellant of felony welfare fraud, and withheld
its findings until December 9, 2011, pursuant to the plea agreement. At the January 28, 2011
show cause hearing, appellant admitted that she failed to make restitution payments as required
by the plea agreement. The plea agreement plainly provided that if appellant failed to meet any
of the conditions, she “w[ould] be found guilty of felony welfare fraud and w[ould] submit to a
pre-sentence report for sentencing.” Therefore, at the conclusion of the show cause hearing, the
trial court revoked appellant’s withhold status and found her guilty of felony welfare fraud. On
February 26, 2013, the trial court sentenced appellant to twelve months’ incarceration with all
twelve months suspended, as provided in the plea agreement.
There is absolutely no evidence that the Commonwealth failed to prove any element of
the charge or that appellant was convicted of something that did not constitute a criminal offense.
See Marshall, 26 Va. App. at 636-37, 496 S.E.2d at 125. Quite to the contrary, the record
reflects that appellant entered into a contract, the plea agreement with the Commonwealth, and
she then failed to meet her obligations under that contract. See Wright v. Commonwealth, 49
Va. App. 58, 62, 636 S.E.2d 489, 491 (2006) (citing Esparza v. Commonwealth, 29 Va. App.
600, 607, 513 S.E.2d 885, 888 (1999) (holding that the “basic rules of contract law apply to plea
agreements”)). Therefore, appellant was not entitled to her benefit of the bargain – the reduced
misdemeanor charge – and she was properly found guilty of the original charge - felony welfare
fraud.
For these reasons, we hold that appellant did not preserve the issues presented for appeal
and that the ends of justice exception does not apply and, therefore, we will not address the
merits of appellant’s appeal.
Affirmed.
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