[Cite as State v. McClendon, 2011-Ohio-5067.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO :
Plaintiff-Appellee : C.A. CASE NO. 23558
vs. : T.C. CASE NO. 09CR446
KYLE MCCLENDON : (Criminal Appeal from
Common Pleas Court)
Defendant-Appellant :
. . . . . . . . .
O P I N I O N
Rendered on the 30th day of September, 2011.
. . . . . . . . .
Mathias H. Heck, Jr., Pros. Attorney; Carley J. Ingram, Asst. Pros.
Attorney, Atty. Reg. No. 0020084, P.O. Box 972, Dayton, OH 45422
Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
William O. Cass, Atty. Reg. No. 0034517, 3946 Kettering Blvd, Suite
202, Kettering, OH 45439
Attorney for Defendant-Appellee
. . . . . . . . .
GRADY, P.J.:
{¶ 1} This matter is before the court on remand from the Ohio
Supreme Court.
{¶ 2} In the early morning hours of February 7, 2009, Defendant
shot David Driscoll five times at a Marathon gas station located
at 4351 Riverside Drive in Dayton. Driscoll died at the scene
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from his multiple gunshot wounds. Following a jury trial,
Defendant was found guilty of purposeful murder, R.C. 2903.02(A),
felony murder, R.C. 2903.02(B), one count of felonious assault
- deadly weapon in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(2), one count of
felonious assault - serious physical harm in violation of R.C.
2903.11(A)(1), one count of improper handling of a firearm in a
motor vehicle, R.C. 2923.16(B), and multiple firearm
specifications, R.C. 2941.145.
{¶ 3} At sentencing, the trial court merged the two murder
offenses, the two felonious assault offenses, and all five firearm
specifications, and imposed prison terms totaling twenty-six years
to life. The trial court refused to merge the felony murder, R.C.
2903.02(B), and the felonious assault - deadly weapon, R.C.
2903.11(A)(2), offenses.
{¶ 4} On direct appeal we affirmed in part and reversed in
part the trial court’s judgment. State v. McClendon, Montgomery
App. No. 23558, 2010-Ohio-4757. In his second assignment of error,
Defendant argued that the trial court erred by failing to merge
the allied offenses of felony murder, R.C. 2903.02(B), and
felonious assault - deadly weapon, R.C. 2903.11(A)(2), pursuant
to R.C. 2941.25. We agreed and reversed and vacated Defendant’s
sentences for felony murder and felonious assault - deadly weapon,
and remanded the matter to the trial court to merge the felonious
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assault - deadly weapon offense with the felony murder offense,
and resentence Defendant accordingly.
{¶ 5} The State appealed to the Ohio Supreme Court. On March
29, 2011, the Ohio Supreme Court vacated our judgment with respect
to the second assignment of error only, and remanded the matter
to this court for application of the Supreme Court’s decision in
State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio St.3d 153, 2010-Ohio-6314.
{¶ 6} This matter is now before us for a merit decision on
the allied offenses issue in the second assignment of error,
applying State v. Johnson, supra.
SECOND ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
{¶ 7} “THE FELONY MURDER COUNT AND THE FELONIOUS ASSAULT COUNT
MERGE UNDER THE HOLDING OF STATE V. JOHNSON.”
{¶ 8} At the sentencing hearing, the trial court merged as
allied offenses of similar import the two counts of murder, R.C.
2903.02(A) and (B), and sentenced Defendant only on the felony
murder count, R.C. 2903.02(B). Likewise, the court merged the
two counts of felonious assault, R.C. 2903.11(A)(1) and (2), and
sentenced Defendant only on the felonious assault-deadly weapon
count, R.C. 2903.11(A)(2).
{¶ 9} Defendant argues that the trial court erred by denying
his request to also merge the felony murder, R.C. 2903.02(B), and
the felonious assault-deadly weapon, R.C. 2903.11(A)(2)
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convictions, because under the rule of State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio
St.3d 153, 2010-Ohio-6314, those are allied offenses of similar
import that must be merged pursuant to R.C. 2941.25. We agree,
and therefore sustain this assignment of error.
{¶ 10} R.C. 2903.02(B), provides:
{¶ 11} “No person shall cause the death of another as a proximate
result of the offender’s committing or attempting to commit an
offense of violence that is a felony of the first or second degree
and that is not a violation of section 2903.03 or 2903.04 of the
Revised Code.”
{¶ 12} R.C. 2903.11(A)(2), provides:
{¶ 13} “No person shall knowingly do either of the following:
{¶ 14} “* * *
{¶ 15} “Cause or attempt to cause physical harm to another or
to another’s unborn by means of a deadly weapon or dangerous
ordnance.”
{¶ 16} Ohio’s multiple counts statute, R.C. 2941.25, provides:
{¶ 17} “(A) Where the same conduct by defendant can be construed
to constitute two or more allied offenses of similar import, the
indictment or information may contain counts for all such offenses,
but the defendant may be convicted of only one.
{¶ 18} “(B) Where the defendant’s conduct constitutes two or
more offenses of dissimilar import, or where his conduct results
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in two or more offenses of the same or similar kind committed
separately or with a separate animus as to each, the indictment
or information may contain counts for all such offenses, and the
defendant may be convicted of all of them.”
{¶ 19} State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio St.3d 153, 2010-Ohio-6314,
the Ohio Supreme Court announced a new test for determining when
offenses are allied offenses of similar import that must be merged
pursuant to R.C. 2941.25. Johnson overruled the previous test
announced in State v. Rance (1999), 85 Ohio St.3d 632, and held:
“When determining whether two offenses are allied offenses of
similar import subject to merger under R.C. 2941.25, the conduct
of the accused must be considered.” Id. at syllabus. The Supreme
Court explained its holding at ¶47-51, stating:
{¶ 20} “Under R.C. 2941.25, the court must determine prior to
sentencing whether the offenses were committed by the same conduct.
Thus, the court need not perform any hypothetical or abstract
comparison of the offenses at issue in order to conclude that the
offenses are subject to merger.
{¶ 21} “In determining whether offenses are allied offenses
of similar import under R.C. 2941.25(A), the question is whether
it is possible to commit one offense and commit the other with
the same conduct, not whether it is possible to commit one without
committing the other. Blankenship, 38 Ohio St.3d at 119, 526
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N.E.2d 816 (Whiteside, J., concurring) (‘It is not necessary that
both crimes are always committed by the same conduct but, rather,
it is sufficient if both offenses can be committed by the same
conduct. It is a matter of possibility, rather than certainty,
that the same conduct will constitute commission of both offenses.’
[Emphasis sic]). If the offenses correspond to such a degree that
the conduct of the defendant constituting commission of one offense
constitutes commission of the other, then the offenses are of
similar import.
{¶ 22} “If the multiple offenses can be committed by the same
conduct, then the court must determine whether the offenses were
committed by the same conduct, i.e., ‘a single act, committed with
a single state of mind.’ Brown, 119 Ohio St.3d 447,
2008-Ohio-4569, 895 N.E.2d 149, at ¶ 50 (Lanzinger, J.,dissenting).
{¶ 23} “If the answer to both questions is yes, then the offenses
are allied offenses of similar import and will be merged.
{¶ 24} “Conversely, if the court determines that the commission
of one offense will never result in the commission of the other,
or if the offenses are committed separately, or if the defendant
has separate animus for each offense, then, according to R.C.
2941.25(B), the offenses will not merge.”
{¶ 25} In our prior decision in this case, McClendon at ¶33,
we noted:
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{¶ 26} “[I]t is not possible to cause the death of another as
a proximate result of causing physical harm with a deadly weapon
in violation of R.C. 2903.02(B), without also committing a
felonious assault with a deadly weapon in violation of R.C.
2903.11(A)(2). The death would not have occurred without the
felonious assault having been committed, and the felonious assault
is itself a cause which in the natural and continuous sequence
of events involved resulted in the victim’s death.”
{¶ 27} Clearly, under the rule of Johnson, it is possible to
commit a violation of both R.C. 2903.02(B) and 2903.11(A)(2) with
the same conduct. Defendant’s conduct in shooting David Driscoll
five times in rapid succession, which resulted in Driscoll’s death,
violates both R.C. 2903.02(B) and 2903.11(A)(2). Therefore,
because it is possible to commit a violation of both R.C. 2903.02(B)
and 2903.11(A)(2) with the same conduct, they are allied offenses
of similar import for purposes of R.C. 2941.25(A). Johnson at
¶48. The further issue is whether the felony murder and felonious
assault-deadly weapon offenses in this case were committed by the
same conduct; that is, by a single act committed with a single
state of mind, Johnson, at ¶49, or whether the exception to merger
in R.C. 2941.25(B) applies.
{¶ 28} The State argues that because Defendant had to pull the
trigger five separate times in order to shoot Driscoll five times,
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which collectively resulted in Driscoll’s death, Defendant engaged
in five separate acts, and the felonious assault and murder offenses
were committed separately and are not subject to merger per R.C.
2941.25(B). This argument lacks merit given the facts of this
case.
{¶ 29} As we noted in our previous opinion in this case,
McClendon at ¶33-34:
{¶ 30} “On this record, the two offenses involved the same
conduct. Because they were not committed separately or with a
separate animus for each, their merger for purposes of R.C. 2941.25
is required.
{¶ 31} “In this case there was but one criminal act/incident
in which Defendant fired five shots at the same victim, David
Driscoll, all at the same time in rapid succession. Defendant’s
animus in firing each shot was the same: to cause serious physical
harm to Driscoll. All five shots struck Driscoll and he died as
a result of multiple gunshot wounds. The offenses of felonious
assault, R.C. 2903.11(A)(2), and felony murder, R.C. 2903.02(B),
were not committed separately or with a separate animus for each,
and accordingly their merger for purposes of R.C. 2941.25 is
required.”
{¶ 32} The offenses of felonious assault-deadly weapon, R.C.
2903.11(A)(2), and felony murder, R.C. 2903.02(B), in this case
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arise from and were committed by the same conduct, i.e., a single
act committed with a single animus. Johnson. Accordingly, those
offenses are allied offenses of similar import that must be merged,
and Defendant may be convicted of and sentenced for only one.
Johnson.
{¶ 33} Defendant’s second assignment of error is sustained.
We will reverse and vacate Defendant’s sentences for felony murder
and felonious assault (deadly weapon), and the case will be remanded
to the trial court to hold a new sentencing hearing for the offense
that remains after the State selects which allied offense to pursue.
State v. Wilson, 129 Ohio St.3d 214, 2011-Ohio-2669. Otherwise,
the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
FAIN, J. And HALL, J., concur.
Copies mailed to:
Carley Ingram, Esq.
William O. Cass, Esq.
Hon. Dennis J. Langer