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ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:
MARTIN A. McCLOSKEY
McCloskey Law Offices
Elkhart, Indiana
PETER D. TODD
Todd Law Offices
Elkhart, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
GREGORY YOUNG, )
)
Appellant-Petitioner, )
)
vs. ) No. 20A05-1107-DR-383
)
NICOLE YOUNG, )
)
Appellee-Respondent. )
APPEAL FROM THE ELKHART SUPERIOR COURT
The Honorable Stephen R. Bowers, Judge
Cause No. 20D02-0702-DR-22
March 5, 2012
MEMORANDUM DECISION—NOT FOR PUBLICATION
BRADFORD, Judge.
Appellant-Petitioner Gregory Young (“Husband”) challenges the trial court’s award of
maintenance in his dissolution action against his former wife Appellee-Respondent Nicole
Young (“Wife”). Husband also challenges the trial court’s award of attorney’s fees to Wife
following his efforts to modify custody of the parties’ child. Upon appeal, Husband claims
that the trial court abused its discretion with respect to each award. We affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Husband and Wife were married in 2002 and separated in 2006. They have one child,
P.Y., who was born in 2000 and has special needs. P.Y. has had a liver transplant, suffers
from cognitive and learning problems, and has delayed physical, social, and academic
development.
On February 8, 2007, Husband filed for divorce. The trial court held dissolution
hearings on July 28 and September 29-30, 2010. At the July 28 hearing, Wife testified that
she had suffered a back injury in February 2010 and had been unable to work since that time.
According to Wife, someone had fallen on her, causing her to suffer two slipped discs in her
back. Wife indicated that she expected to have back surgery and had scheduled an August 2,
2010 appointment with her back surgeon.
At the September 30 hearing, Wife again testified that her back injury made her
unable to work. Wife still expected to have surgery but at that point was receiving water
therapy and having epidural injections. In addition to her back injury, Wife testified that she
was unable to work because she was primary caregiver for P.Y., who was often sick.
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Following the hearing, the trial court bifurcated the proceedings, dissolving the
marriage and taking the remaining issues under advisement. On April 6, 2011, Wife filed a
notice of intent to relocate to Michigan, which would extend the distance between her home
and Husband’s by approximately five or six miles. Wife had remarried by that point. On
April 19, 2011, Husband responded by, inter alia, objecting to the proposed relocation and
requesting primary physical custody of P.Y. On May 3, 2011, the trial court permitted Wife
to move pending an evidentiary hearing.
On June 22, 2011, the trial court entered an order in the parties’ original dissolution
action in which it granted primary legal custody of P.Y. to Wife and ordered Husband to pay
$116 per week in child support. The trial court additionally ordered Husband to pay $100 per
week in maintenance due to Wife’s incapacity of a back injury, relatively few assets, and
P.Y.’s special needs requiring that Wife forgo full-time employment. The trial court based
its award upon Husband’s imputed income of $897 per week and Wife’s income of $100 per
week. The trial court did not specify a termination date for the maintenance but ordered that
it continue during Wife’s period of incapacity.
During the July 6 and 13, 2011, evidentiary hearing on Wife’s motion to relocate and
Husband’s petition for modification of custody, the parties stipulated to an income
withholding order reflecting the court’s order of $100 per week in maintenance. Husband
did not argue that Wife had remarried or object to the withholding order on any ground. On
July 19, 2011, the trial court entered an order permitting Wife’s relocation, modifying the
parties’ parenting time arrangement, and denying Husband’s request to modify custody of
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P.Y. In its order, the court found unpersuasive Husband’s claim that Wife was irresponsible
in addressing P.Y.’s health problems. The trial court awarded Wife $2500 in attorney’s fees
for her costs in defending against Husband’s petition for modification. This appeal follows.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
Husband claims that the trial court abused its discretion in awarding Wife
maintenance and attorney’s fees. Initially, we note that Wife did not submit an appellee’s
brief in this case. Where an appellee fails to file a brief on appeal, we need not undertake the
burden of developing her argument. Tisdial v. Young, 925 N.E.2d 783, 784 (Ind. Ct. App.
2010). Instead, we will reverse the trial court’s judgment if the appellant demonstrates prima
facie error. Id. at 784-85. “Prima facie error in this context is defined as, at first sight, on
first appearance, or on the face of it.” Id. at 785 (quotation omitted).
I. Maintenance
Husband claims that the trial court abused its discretion in awarding maintenance
because Wife failed to present adequate evidence of her incapacity. Indiana Code section 31-
15-7-2(3) provides for awards of maintenance as follows:
A court may make the following findings concerning maintenance:
(1) If the court finds a spouse to be physically or mentally incapacitated
to the extent that the ability of the incapacitated spouse to support himself or
herself is materially affected, the court may find that maintenance for the
spouse is necessary during the period of incapacity, subject to further order of
the court.
(2) If the court finds that:
(A) a spouse lacks sufficient property, including marital property
apportioned to the spouse, to provide for the spouse’s needs; and
(B) the spouse is the custodian of a child whose physical or
mental incapacity requires the custodian to forgo employment;
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the court may find that maintenance is necessary for the spouse in an amount
and for a period of time that the court considers appropriate.
(3) After considering:
(A) the educational level of each spouse at the time of marriage
and at the time the action is commenced;
(B) whether an interruption in the education, training, or
employment of a spouse who is seeking maintenance occurred during
the marriage as a result of homemaking or child care responsibilities, or
both;
(C) the earning capacity of each spouse, including educational
background, training, employment skills, work experience, and length
of presence in or absence from the job market; and
(D) the time and expense necessary to acquire sufficient
education or training to enable the spouse who is seeking maintenance
to find appropriate employment;
a court may find that rehabilitative maintenance for the spouse seeking
maintenance is necessary in an amount and for a period of time that the court
considers appropriate, but not to exceed three (3) years from the date of the
final decree.
We presume that a trial court properly considered the statutory factors before reaching a
determination to grant or deny a request for maintenance. Lloyd v. Lloyd, 755 N.E.2d 1165,
1171 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001). We review a decision to award maintenance under an abuse of
discretion standard. Id.
In awarding maintenance, the trial court stated as follows:
It is clear from the evidence that the Wife’s earning capacity is materially
affected by her back injury. There are relatively few assets in this case and the
assets awarded to the Wife would not allow her to support herself. The Wife
lacks sufficient property, including marital property apportioned to her, to
provide for her needs. Additionally, the Wife is custodian of the parties[’]
special needs child whose physical and mental incapacity requires Wife as
custodian to forego [sic] full time employment. What is not clear is how long
Wife’s disability will continue.
The Court finds that Wife is entitled to spousal maintenance during the
period of her incapacity and orders Husband to pay to the Wife the sum of
$100.00 per week during the period of her incapacity beginning April 15,
2011.
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Appellant’s App. p. 47.
Husband’s argument focuses upon the claimed inadequacy of the evidence
demonstrating Wife’s incapacity. But the maintenance award was not solely based upon
Wife’s incapacity. The award was also based upon Wife’s lack of sufficient property to
support her needs and the fact that she was custodian of P.Y., whose physical and mental
incapacity require her to forgo full-time employment. These additional factors support an
award of maintenance irrespective of Wife’s own incapacity, and Husband does not
challenge them. See Ind. Code § 31-15-7-2(2). The trial court’s award of maintenance is
justified on these grounds alone.
Husband’s challenge also fails on its merits. In Matzat v. Matzat, 854 N.E.2d 918,
921 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), this court reversed an award of maintenance where the wife at issue
had claimed back problems but failed to present any evidence suggesting the nature or origin
of the problems, her diagnosis or prognosis, her recommended treatment, whether she had
followed such treatment, or the permanency of the problem. Significantly, the wife in Matzat
had applied for social security benefits and had been denied. Id. Such meager evidence
could not sustain an award of incapacity maintenance. Id.
Here, in contrast, the nature and origin of the injury and its general diagnosis were
known. Wife testified that a person had fallen on her in February 2010, causing her to
sustain slipped discs. The current and future treatments were known. Wife expected to
undergo back surgery but was receiving water therapy and epidural injections at the time.
Wife was following those treatments. In addition, there was no evidence suggesting that
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Wife’s claims of incapacity had been denied or rejected as part of an official proceeding.
While Husband suggests that Wife’s willingness to educate P.Y. at home demonstrates her
ability to teach, we are not persuaded that Wife must be totally debilitated on every front—
including her ability to homeschool—to qualify for incapacity maintenance based upon a
back injury.
In reaching this conclusion, we are aware that Wife was remarried by the time of the
maintenance award. While Husband makes passing reference to this fact in his brief, there is
no showing that he brought it to the trial court’s attention in the context of the maintenance
award1 or that he sought a modification of maintenance on this ground. To the contrary, he
specifically stipulated to an income withholding order on the basis of this maintenance award
at the relocation hearing occurring after Wife had remarried. We therefore cannot entertain
his challenge to the maintenance award on the ground that Wife has remarried. See Troxel v.
Troxel, 737 N.E.2d 745, 752 (Ind. 2000) (“A party may not raise an issue for the first time . .
. on appeal.”).
II. Attorney’s Fees
Husband also challenges the trial court’s award of $2500 in attorney’s fees to Wife for
defending against his petition to modify custody, which the trial court concluded was based
upon unpersuasive grounds. According to Husband, the fees arose out of Wife’s choice to
move out of state.
1
The fact of Wife’s remarriage appears to have come to light in her April 6, 2011 petition to relocate.
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When reviewing a trial court’s award of attorney’s fees, we apply an abuse of
discretion standard. Mason v. Mason, 775 N.E.2d 706, 711 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002), trans.
denied. A trial court has wide discretion in awarding attorney’s fees, and we will reverse
such an award only if the trial court’s award is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts
and circumstances before the court. Id. The trial court may look at the responsibility of the
parties in incurring the attorney’s fees. Id. In addition, the trial judge possesses personal
expertise that he or she may use when determining reasonable attorney’s fees. Id.
While Husband’s petition to modify occurred during the course of his response to
Wife’s petition to relocate, it was in no way compelled by it. Wife’s petition to relocate
resulted in merely a five-mile extension of the distance between the parties’ homes. As the
trial court found, Husband’s petition to modify included allegations—some of his own
creation—that Wife was irresponsible in caring for P.Y.’s health needs. The trial court
concluded that these allegations were unpersuasive and a product of Husband’s inaccurate
perceptions. The trial court further concluded that Husband had presented minimal evidence
in support of his petition to modify and that his own actions were not in P.Y.’s best interests.
Given the lack of evidence in support of the modification and the fact that it was partially a
product of Husband’s mind, the trial court was within its discretion to award Wife attorney’s
fees in having to defend against it
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
KIRSCH, J., and BARNES, J., concur.
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