NOTICE: NOT FOR PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION DOES NOT CREATE
LEGAL PRECEDENT AND MAY NOT BE CITED EXCEPT AS AUTHORIZED.
IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE
In re the Marriage of:
STACEY PESETSKY, Petitioner/Appellant,
v.
CHRISTOPHER PESETSKY, Respondent/Appellee.
No. 1 CA-CV 13-0491
FILED 11-20-14
Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. FC2010-090733
The Honorable Bethany G. Hicks, Judge
AFFIRMED
COUNSEL
Abram & Meell, PA, Phoenix
By Gregory J. Meell
Counsel for Petitioner/Appellant
Christopher Pesetsky, Watonga, OK
Respondent/Appellee
PESETSKY v. PESETSKY
Decision of the Court
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Judge Andrew W. Gould delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Margaret H. Downie and Judge Samuel A. Thumma
joined.
GOULD, Judge:
¶1 Stacey Pesetsky (“Mother”) appeals from the decree of
dissolution awarding sole legal decision-making authority of the parties’
three children to Christopher Pesetsky (“Father”). For the following
reasons, we affirm.
BACKGROUND
¶2 Mother filed a petition for dissolution in February 2010 in
which she sought sole legal decision-making authority with reasonable
parenting time for Father. This petition was dismissed without prejudice
for lack of prosecution in September 2010, but was later reinstated in
December 2011. Mother then filed a consent decree purporting to award
her sole legal decision-making authority and giving Father no parenting
time. The family court signed the consent decree because the signature
page of the decree included Father’s signature. However, in April 2012,
Father filed a notice alleging that Mother had fraudulently altered the
consent decree before filing it. After a hearing, the court set aside the
decree on the grounds Mother had fraudulently altered the consent
decree.
¶3 The court then scheduled an evidentiary hearing to address
“custody, parenting time, and child support.” Mother was ordered to
bring the children to conciliation services for an interview prior to the
hearing. The interview was rescheduled two times, at Mother’s request;
when it was rescheduled a third time, Mother failed to show up for the
appointment.
¶4 The court learned at the hearing that Mother had not
complied with its order to have the children interviewed. The court
denied Mother’s request to reschedule the interview, and the hearing
went forward without an interview of the children.
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PESETSKY v. PESETSKY
Decision of the Court
¶5 At the hearing, Father informed the court that Mother had
an outstanding arrest warrant. The court called the sheriff, and, at the
conclusion of the hearing, Mother was arrested and taken into custody.
The court awarded Father temporary emergency sole legal decision-
making authority because Mother was in custody. Father was permitted
to take the children to Oklahoma, where he resided.
¶6 The family court then issued a final decree listing its findings
showing it was in the best interests of the children to award Father sole
legal decision-making authority, allowing unsupervised parenting time to
Mother one weekend a month in Oklahoma, half of all holidays, and two
weeks every summer. Mother filed a timely notice of appeal.
DISCUSSION
¶7 Mother appeals the family court’s legal decision-making and
parenting time orders. Father failed to file an appellate brief, which may
be treated as a confession of error. However, this court will exercise its
discretion to address the merits because the best interests of the children
are involved. In re Marriage of Diezsi, 201 Ariz. 524, 525, ¶ 2, 38 P.3d 1189,
1190 (App. 2002); see generally ARCAP 15(c). “We will not disturb a trial
court’s decision on child custody absent a clear abuse of discretion.”
Diezsi, 201 Ariz. at 525, ¶ 3, 38 P.3d at 1190.
I. Notice Issues
¶8 Mother argues the award of sole legal decision-making
authority to Father was error because the pretrial order did not state that
relocation would be an issue at the hearing. However, the pretrial order
stated that the hearing would address “custody and parenting time.”
Thus, Mother had adequate notice that the court may consider awarding
legal decision-making to Father, who at that time lived in Oklahoma.
¶9 Mother contends she was not prepared to address relocation
because Father did not request sole legal decision-making until the
hearing. Although Father did not specifically ask for sole legal decision-
making, his “notice” filing asked to have the consent decree invalidated,
thereby placing legal decision-making, parenting time, and child support
at issue again, as noted in the pretrial order. Furthermore, at the hearing,
when Father asked to have the children live with him in Oklahoma,
Mother did not object on the grounds that his request was untimely.
Thus, we find Mother had adequate notice that legal decision-making
would be an issue at the hearing and that a long distance arrangement
may result because Father lived in Oklahoma.
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PESETSKY v. PESETSKY
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II. A.R.S. § 25-408 Relocation Factors
¶10 Mother argues the court abused its discretion by failing to
consider the specific statutory factors applicable in a relocation case. See
A.R.S. § 25-408(H). “Whether the relocation provisions of § 25-408 are
applicable is an issue of statutory interpretation that we review de novo.”
Buencamino v. Noftsinger, 223 Ariz. 162, 164, ¶ 7, 221 P.3d 41, 43 (App.
2009).
¶11 Section 25-408 applies when both parents are entitled to joint
legal decision-making or unsupervised parenting time pursuant to a
written agreement or court order and both parents reside in Arizona. See
A.R.S. § 25-408(A); Buencamino, 223 Ariz. at 164, ¶ 8, 221 P.3d at 43. At no
time prior to the entry of the family court’s decree were both parents
entitled to joint legal decision-making or unsupervised parenting time
pursuant to a written agreement or court order. By the time of the
hearing, the fraudulent consent decree had been vacated and set aside.
Even under the fraudulent consent decree, Father was not entitled to joint
legal decision-making or parenting time. Because one of the two
requirements of section 25-408(A) was not met, the relocation statute did
not apply. The family court, therefore, did not err in failing to apply the
relocation factors in section 25-408(H). Buencamino, 223 Ariz. at 164, ¶¶ 8-
9, 221 P.3d at 43 (holding that where the statutory prerequisites of § 25-
408(A) are not met, the relocation statute does not apply).
III. A.R.S. § 25-403 Findings
¶12 Mother argues the evidence does not support the family
court’s conclusion that awarding sole legal decision-making authority to
Father was in the children’s best interests. Rather, Mother contends the
family court awarded sole legal decision-making to Father as a sanction
based on her failure to comply with its orders.
¶13 The court’s duty to consider the children’s best interests is
paramount. Hays v. Gama, 205 Ariz. 99, 102, ¶ 18, 67 P.3d 695, 698 (2003).
In a contested legal decision-making or parenting time case, the family
court must make specific findings on the record regarding the best
interests factors listed in A.R.S. § 25-403(A), as well as “the reasons for
which the decision is in the best interests of the child[ren].” A.R.S. § 25-
403(B). See also Hurd v. Hurd, 223 Ariz. 48, 51, ¶ 11, 219 P.3d 258, 261 (App.
2009). Failure to make the requisite findings constitutes an abuse of
discretion. Id. In evaluating the adequacy of the family court’s findings of
fact, the key issue is whether findings allow the appellate court to
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PESETSKY v. PESETSKY
Decision of the Court
“ascertain from the court’s orders and ruling how the court weighed the
statutory factors and [arrived] at its conclusion.” Reid v. Reid, 222 Ariz.
204, 207, ¶ 13, 213 P.3d 353, 356 (App. 2009).
¶14 Mother’s claim that the family court’s legal decision-making
and parenting time orders were imposed as a sanction for failing to
comply with its orders is not supported by the record. Although the
family court sternly admonished Mother at the hearing for failing to have
the children interviewed by conciliation services, the court also obtained
evidence concerning the best interest factors contained in A.R.S. § 25-
403(A). Moreover, the family court did not state at the hearing or in its
final decree that its orders were imposed as a sanction against Mother.1
¶15 Contrary to Mother’s assertions, the family court properly
made findings regarding each of the factors enumerated in § 25-403(A)
and cited evidence in support of each factor. The evidence in this case
rests almost entirely on the testimony of Mother and Father. In
considering this testimony, the family court determined that Mother was
not a credible witness. This determination was clearly within the province
of the family court, and, as a result, we defer to the family court’s
assessment of Mother’s credibility and the weight it gave to the conflicting
evidence presented at the hearing. Gutierrez v. Gutierrez, 193 Ariz. 343,
347, ¶ 13, 972 P.2d 676, 680 (App. 1998).
¶16 Mother argues the family court failed to consider the
children’s wishes. A.R.S. § 25-403(A)(4). The record, however, does not
support this claim. Although, as a consequence of Mother’s failure to
comply with the family court’s orders, the family court made its legal
decision-making determination without the benefit of an interview of the
children, the court was still presented with evidence of the children’s
wishes by Mother and Father. Father testified that the children were
excited to visit him in Oklahoma and his oldest daughter had recently
called and told Father she is constantly in trouble with Mother and
wanted “to come to [him].” As there is no requirement that an interview
be completed in order to determine the best interests of the children, and
1 With respect to the award of temporary emergency legal decision-
making to Father at the end of the hearing, the record does not reflect that
this was a punitive measure against Mother. Rather, the family court was
within its discretion to make such an award after Mother was taken into
custody for her outstanding warrant; as the family court noted, Mother
was “unavailable” to the children while she was in custody.
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PESETSKY v. PESETSKY
Decision of the Court
the court was able to make findings supporting the children’s wishes in
this matter, we conclude that the court did not abuse its discretion.
¶17 Mother also asserts that the family court failed to address
the children’s future long distance relationship with the parties. A.R.S. §
25-403(A)(1). We disagree. The family court stated that Mother’s history
of denying Father access to the children indicated that Mother would be
unlikely to co-parent or allow parenting time with Father in the future.
This finding suggests the children’s future relationship with Father would
be harmed if Mother had primary physical custody of the children
because she would deny Father meaningful and continuing access to the
children. A.R.S. § 25-403(A)(6).
¶18 Next, Mother asserts the family court’s findings do not
address the children’s relationships with the parties or with Father’s live-
in girlfriend and her son. A.R.S. § 25-403(A)(2). However, the family
court addressed the children’s relationship with both parents in detail.
In addition, the court addressed the children’s relationship with Father’s
girlfriend and her son, noting that the “children have met Father’s
girlfriend one time and seem to get along with her, but they do not know
her well.”
¶19 Additionally, Mother claims the family court lacked
evidence about the parties’ mental health and history of domestic
violence. A.R.S. § 25-403(A)(5), -403(A)(8). However, the family court
considered evidence and made detailed finding as to both factors. To the
extent Mother asserts she was unaware these issues would be addressed
at the hearing, as stated above, Mother was properly on notice that legal
decision-making and parenting time would be at issue at the hearing. See
supra, ¶ 9.
¶20 Accordingly, we conclude the family court made the
requisite best interest findings in support of its award of sole legal
decision-making authority to Father. We conclude there is no error.
IV. Attorneys’ Fees on Appeal
¶21 Mother requests an award of attorneys’ fees on appeal
pursuant to ARCAP 21. We deny Mother’s request because she has failed
to cite any substantive authority in support of her request. See ARCAP
21(a)(2).
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PESETSKY v. PESETSKY
Decision of the Court
CONCLUSION
¶22 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the family court’s
decree regarding legal decision-making and parenting time.
:jt
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