J-S02036-15
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
BRIAN ANTHONY FRAME
Appellant No. 1001 EDA 2014
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence of March 3, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Chester County
Criminal Division at No.: CP-15-CR-0000774-2013
BEFORE: MUNDY, J., OLSON, J., and WECHT, J.
MEMORANDUM BY WECHT, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 04, 2015
Brian Frame appeals the trial court’s determination that Frame is a
sexually violent predator (“SVP”), and, as such, subject to lifetime
registration and reporting requirements pursuant to Pennsylvania’s Sex
Offender Registration and Notification Act, 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9799.10, et seq.
(“SORNA” or “the Act”). Frame contends that the Commonwealth failed to
prove by clear and convincing evidence that Frame qualified for that
designation based upon the statute’s multifactorial analysis. We adopt the
trial court’s analysis and affirm.
In open court at the time that it entered its decision, the trial court
provided the following account of the facts underlying Frame’s convictions
that led to his classification as an SVP:
The victims will be referred [to] by me as the older victim and
younger victim. [Frame] first contacted the older victim through
J-S02036-15
the social Internet program SKOUT in April, 2011. That victim
told [Frame that victim] was 15 years old. So [Frame] knew the
that the victim was underage when they first started texting.
And [Frame] commented about him being young. Phone
numbers were exchanged, and they texted back and forth for
several months. They met in June of 2011 at a park when the
victim texted [Frame] that he was upset. They sat in [Frame’s]
car.
[Frame] initiated sexual behavior by placing his hands, the
victim’s hands, over [Frame’s] penis. [Frame] then suggested
oral sex and they engaged in oral sex.
The victim was 15 at the time.
The next crimes charged occurred on New Year’s Day, 2013.
Both victims were together on that date in Quarryville. The
older victim was 16 and the younger victim was 13. [Frame]
asked them to send him a picture of their penis[es], which they
did via cell phone. [Frame] drove to Quarryville, picked up both
victims, and drove them to his house. There he gave them
several cups of wine while they watched YouTube, then he took
them to the bathroom where he shaved the older victim’s genital
area with an electric razor. The three then showered together.
He digitally penetrated the younger victim’s anus. . . .
After showering, the three got into [Frame’s] bed. [Frame]
lubricated his penis and masturbated. After this, he performed
oral sex on the younger victim while the older victim performed
oral sex on [Frame]. Following that, [Frame] inserted his penis
into the younger victim’s anus.
The victim told him to take it out because it hurt really bad. The
younger victim could hardly walk due to the pain. [Frame] then
drove the victims home.
Notes of Testimony (“N.T.”), 2/26/2014, at 8-10.
On August 14, 2013, Frame entered a negotiated guilty plea to one
count of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse of a person less than sixteen
years old, 18 Pa.C.S. § 3123(a)(7), one count of statutory sexual assault, 18
Pa.C.S. § 3122.1(b), and two counts of corruption of the morals of a minor,
-2-
J-S02036-15
18 Pa.C.S. § 6301(a)(1). At the conclusion of the guilty plea hearing, the
trial court entered an order directing the Sexual Offender Assessment Board
(“SOAB”) to perform an assessment of Frame pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9799.24 to determine whether Frame is an SVP. On October 25, 2013,
after SOAB board member Bruce Mapes, Ph.D., conducted his assessment
based upon the documentary record and without meeting with Frame, he
notified the trial court that Frame met the SVP criteria. During the interim,
Frame also sought the assessment of Elliot Atkins, Ph.D., who disagreed with
Dr. Mapes’ conclusions.
On January 8, 2014, and February 6, 2014, the trial court held
evidentiary hearings. Dr. Mapes, a licensed forensic psychologist, was
admitted as an expert in the field of forensic psychology and the assessment
and treatment of sex offenders, testified in support of his finding that Frame
was an SVP. Dr. Atkins, a forensic psychologist admitted as an expert in the
same areas, testified contrarily. On February 26, 2014, the trial court
determined that Frame was an SVP pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.24(c)(3).
In support of its determination, the trial court offered a lengthy on-the-
record recital of its findings relative to each of the fourteen factors set forth
-3-
J-S02036-15
in subsection 9799.24(b). On March 27, 2014, Frame filed a timely notice of
appeal.1
Frame presents the following issue for our review: “Whether the lower
court erred by finding that the Commonwealth proved by clear and
convincing evidence that [Frame] is [an SVP] despite the Commonwealth
presenting insufficient evidence to declare [Frame] an SVP?” Brief for Frame
at 4.
Our scope and standard of review, as well as the legal framework
governing SVP determinations, are as follows:
A challenge to a determination of SVP status requires us to view
the evidence:
[I]n the light most favorable to the Commonwealth. The
reviewing court may not weigh the evidence or substitute
its judgment for that of the trial court. The clear and
convincing standard requires evidence that is so clear,
direct, weighty and convincing as to enable [the trier of
fact] to come to a clear conviction, without hesitancy, of
the truth of the precise facts [at] issue.
Commonwealth v. Plucinski, 868 A.2d 20, 25 (Pa.
Super. 2005) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).
The scope of review is plenary. Commonwealth v. Brooks,
7 A.3d 852 (Pa. Super. 2010). “[A]n expert’s opinion, which is
rendered to a reasonable degree of professional certainty, is
itself evidence.” Commonwealth v. Fuentes, 991 A.2d 935,
944 (Pa. Super.) (en banc) . . . .
A challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to support an SVP
designation requires the reviewing court to accept the
____________________________________________
1
The trial court did not direct Frame to file a concise statement of the
errors complained of on appeal, but the court has provided a detailed
opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).
-4-
J-S02036-15
undiminished record of the case in the light most favorable to
the Commonwealth. Commonwealth v. Meals, 912 A.2d 213,
218 (Pa. 2006). The reviewing court must examine all of the
Commonwealth’s evidence without consideration of its
admissibility. Commonwealth v. Baker, 24 A.3d 1006, 1035
(Pa. Super. 2011). A successful sufficiency challenge can lead to
an outright grant of relief such as a reversal of the SVP
designation, whereas a challenge to the admissibility of the
expert’s opinion and testimony is an evidentiary question which,
if successful, can lead to a new SVP hearing. Commonwealth
v. Sanford, 863 A.2d 428, 431 (Pa. 2004) (distinguishing
concepts of sufficiency of evidence versus admissibility of
evidence, but refusing to render any opinion on whether SVP
expert’s “reliance on the affidavit of probable cause and the
charging documents somehow rendered her testimony
inadmissible as this issue is not before this court”).
****
Our task . . . is one of review, not one of reweighing or assessing
the evidence in the first instance. Meals, 912 A.2d at 223.
“After conviction but before sentencing, a court shall order an
individual convicted of a sexually violent offense to be assessed
by the [SOAB].” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9799.24(a). [Subs]ection
9799.24(b) provides:
§ 9799.24. Assessments
****
(b) Assessment.—Upon receipt from the court of an
order for an assessment, a member of the board . . . shall
conduct an assessment of the individual to determine if the
individual should be classified as a sexually violent
predator. The board shall establish standards for
evaluations and for evaluators conducting the
assessments. An assessment shall include, but not be
limited to, an examination of the following:
(1) Facts of the current offense, including:
(i) Whether the offense involved multiple victims.
(ii) Whether the individual exceeded the means
necessary to achieve the offense.
-5-
J-S02036-15
(iii) The nature of the sexual contact with the victim.
(iv) Relationship of the individual to the victim.
(v) Age of the victim.
(vi) Whether the offense included a display of unusual
cruelty by the individual during the commission of the
crime.
(vii) The mental capacity of the victim.
(2) Prior offense history, including:
(i) The individual’s prior criminal record.
(ii) Whether the individual completed any prior
sentences.
(iii) Whether the individual participated in available
programs for sexual offenders.
(3) Characteristics of the individual, including:
(i) Age.
(ii) Use of illegal drugs.
(iii) Any mental illness, mental disability or mental
abnormality.
(iv) Behavioral characteristics that contribute to the
individual’s conduct.
(4) Factors that are supported in a sexual offender
assessment field as criteria reasonably related to the risk
of reoffense.
****
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9799.24(b). An SOAB board member conducts
the assessment to determine if the individual should be classified
as an SVP. Id. The SOAB merely assesses the defendant; it
does not perform an adjudicative function. Commonwealth v.
Kopicz, 840 A.2d 342, 351 (Pa. Super. 2003). The statute
dictates the factors for the expert to consider when making an
SVP analysis:
-6-
J-S02036-15
[T]he “science” here (and the SVP designation
consequences it triggers) is responsive to, indeed it is a
direct byproduct of, a specific legislatively-adopted scheme
which sets forth the relevance and contours of the
challenged evidence. The General Assembly has
determined that a sexual offender’s SVP status is
significant to the operation of the registration and
notification provisions of the law. The Assembly has
defined the triggering term (“sexually violent predator”)
and has set forth the factors to be considered in making
that determination. This scheme represents a legislative
policy judgment concerning the proper response to certain
sexual offenders. The question of SVP status is thus a
statutory question, . . . and, at least in the absence of a
challenge to the propriety of the substance of the statute,
the question of evidentiary relevance is framed by the very
provisions of the statute itself, not some external source.
Dengler, 890 A.2d at 383 (holding: “Because the legislature
provided the framework for assessing whether an offender is an
SVP, expert testimony tracking that framework, by definition,
should be deemed generally accepted in the community of
professionals who conduct SVP assessments. . . .”). Therefore,
the salient statutory inquiry for SVP designation:
[I]s identification of the impetus behind the commission of
the offense; that is, whether it proceeds from a mental
defect/personality disorder or another motivating factor.
The answer to that question determines, at least
theoretically, the extent to which the offender is likely to
reoffend, and [S]ection [9799.24] provides the criteria by
which such likelihood may be gauged. Plucinski, supra at
26.
“To deem an individual a sexually violent predator, the
Commonwealth must first show [the individual] ‘has been
convicted of a sexually violent offense as set forth in [section
9799.14] . . . .’” Commonwealth v. Askew, 907 A.2d 624,
629 (Pa. Super. 2006); see also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9799.12.
“Secondly, the Commonwealth must show that the individual has
‘a mental abnormality or personality disorder that makes [him]
likely to engage in predatory sexually violent offenses.’”
Askew, supra. When the Commonwealth meets this burden,
the trial court then makes the final determination on the
defendant’s status as an SVP. Kopicz, supra.
-7-
J-S02036-15
An SVP assessment is not a trial or a separate criminal
proceeding that subjects the defendant to additional
punishment. Commonwealth v. Howe, 842 A.2d 436, 445-46
(Pa. Super. 2004). SVP status, therefore, does not require proof
beyond a reasonable doubt; the court decides SVP status upon a
show of clear and convincing evidence that the offender is, in
fact, an SVP. Commonwealth v. Killinger, 888 A.2d 592, 600
(Pa. 2005).
Commonwealth v. Prendes, 97 A.3d 337, 355-58 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(citations modified; footnote omitted).
The only issue presented concerns the adequacy of the
Commonwealth’s proof to the effect that Frame qualified as an SVP. The
trial court aptly framed the inquiry as follows:
An individual is not automatically found to be a sexually violent
predator upon conviction of a sexual offense. Commonwealth
v. Lipphardt, 841 A.2d 551, 558 (Pa. Super. 2004). The
relevant inquiry is whether [Frame] suffers from a mental
abnormality or personality disorder that makes him likely to
engage in predatory sexually violent offenses. 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9799.12.
A mental abnormality under the Act is defined as “[a] congenital
or acquired condition of a person that affects the emotional or
volitional capacity of the person in a manner that predisposes
that person to the commission of criminal sexual acts to a
degree that makes the person a menace to the health and safety
of other persons.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.12. Predatory is defined
as “[a]n act directed at a stranger or at a person with whom a
relationship has been initiated, established, maintained or
promoted, in whole or in part, in order to facilitate or support
victimization.” Id.
****
[J]ust because a testifying Board member is found to be
credible, does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that the
Commonwealth has proved by clear and convincing evidence all
the elements for a sexually violent predator classification.
Lipphardt, 841 A.2d at 555-56 (citing Commonwealth v.
-8-
J-S02036-15
Krouse, 799 A.2d 835, 840 (Pa. Super. 2002)). The court must
consider the assessment factors listed in 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9799.24(b) and determine the likelihood that a defendant will
commit another offense based upon these factors. Krouse, 799
A.2d at 843.
Trial Court Opinion, 5/14/2014, at 4-5 (citations modified).
Frame’s argument largely reduces to the contention that Dr. Mapes’
assessment on behalf of SOAB was based upon the psychological diagnoses
that Frame was affected by paraphilia NOS with pedophilia features.2
According to Frame, because this diagnosis “cannot be supported by the
psychological community,” Brief for Frame at 13, and because the diagnosis
was a necessary premise to Dr. Mapes’ assessment that Frame suffered from
a mental abnormality or personality disorder that predisposed Frame to
commit sexually violent offenses in the future, that assessment was infirm.
Specifically, Frame contends that “Dr. Mapes’ diagnosis of pedophilia
features is unfounded.” Id. As Frame acknowledges, Dr. Mapes’ diagnosis
of pedophiliac tendencies was based upon the age of the younger victim,
____________________________________________
2
“According to the Diagnostics and Statistics Manual—IV—TR [“DSM—
IV”], ‘[t]he essential features of a Paraphilia are recurrent, intense sexually
arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors generally involving
1) nonhuman objects, 2) suffering or humiliation of oneself or one’s partner,
or 3) children or other nonconsenting persons that occur over a period of at
least six months.’” United States v. Graham, 683 F.Supp.2d 129, 135
(D. Mass. 2010). Among the eight separate paraphilia diagnoses recognized
by the DSM—IV is pedophilia, “deviant arousal to prepubescent children.”
Id. However, for every diagnosis in the DSM—IV there exists a separate
category for “NOS,” or Not Otherwise Specified, to enable “coding Paraphilias
that do not meet the criteria for any of the specific subcategories” of a given
diagnosis. Id. at 136.
-9-
J-S02036-15
with thirteen years of age recognized as the cut-off age for a pedophilia
diagnosis, and Frame’s interest in shaving the older victim’s genitals. Id. at
14. Frame contends that the age cutoff “is an arbitrary number when it
comes to this case,” and argues that Dr. Atkins’ own proposed criterion, that
the distinction lies in whether the particular victim is pre- or post-pubescent,
should conclusively govern this case. Id. Because the younger victim was
unshaved when Frame engaged in sexual activity with him, Frame
maintains, the trial court should not have accepted Dr. Mapes’ diagnosis.
With regard to paraphilia NOS, Frame argues that Dr. Mapes based
this NOS diagnosis upon Frame’s putative interest in children who could not
give informed consent spanning greater than six months. Frame contends
that Dr. Mapes failed to provide any evidence to support this premise, fatally
undermining the diagnosis and the SVP designation that followed. Frame
contrasts Dr. Mapes’ analysis with Dr. Atkins’ contrary observations.
What becomes clear in parsing Frame’s arguments is that his challenge
bears at least as many hallmarks of a challenge to the fact-finder’s weighing
of the evidence as it does to a sufficiency challenge. In either event, our
standard requires us to defer to the trial court’s findings of fact to the extent
that they find support in the record. See Prendes, 97 A.3d at 355-56. We
find that the trial court’s determination that Frame is an SVP was supported
by sufficient evidence.
Rather than recite at length the evidence in question, we adopt as our
own the trial court’s opinion as supplemented by the court’s lengthy on-the-
- 10 -
J-S02036-15
record review of evidence and of his findings, which reflect findings of fact
for which the record furnishes ample support. The court’s discussion can be
found in the February 26, 2014 notes of testimony at pages three through
twenty-four. The trial court’s opinion and the relevant excerpts of the trial
court’s in-court discussion of the bases for its determination are attached
hereto for ease of reference.
Judgment affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/4/2015
- 11 -
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA: IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
: CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
vs
CRIMINAL ACTION
BRIAN ANTHONY FRAME NO. 774-13
SUPERIOR COURT NO. 1001 EDA 2014
Priya DeSouza, Esquire, Attorney for the Commonwealth.
'1
Mitchell Baylarian, Esquire, Attorney for the Defendant. , )
l' '
STATEMENT OF THE COURT
,I ,"
An appeal having been taken, pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a), thefollowing
, (/} \""C)
statement is submitted.
Defendant was charged with the following concerning two juvenile male victims,
one 13 year old and one 16 year old:
• one count of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, in violation of 18 Pa.C.S.A.
§3123(a)(7);
• one count of statutory sexual assault, in violation of 18 Pa.C.S.A. §3122.1(b);
• one count of unlawful contact with minors, in violation of 18 Pa.C.S.A. §6318(a)(1);
• two counts of corruption of minors, in violation of 18 Pa.C.S.A. §6301 (a)(1);
• one count of indecent assault, in violation of 18 Pa.C.S.A. §3126(a)(8);
• two counts of selling or furnishing liquor or malt or brewed beverages to minors, in
violation of 18 Pa.C.S.A. §6310.1 (a);
• one count of criminal use of communication facility, in violation of 18 Pa.C.S.A.
§7512 (a);
• one count of sexual abuse of children, in violation of 18 Pa.C.S.A. §6312(d); and
• one count of aggravated indecent assault, in violation of 18 Pa.C.S.A. §3125(a)(8);
On August 14, 2013, Defendant entered a guilty plea with an agreed upon
sentence that was approved by this court pending an SVP assessment and hearing, if
needed. Defendant pled to the following charges: one count of involuntary deviate
sexual intercourse, in violation of 18 Pa.C.S.A. §3123(a)(7); one count of statutory sexual
assault, in violation of 18 Pa.C.S.A. §3122.1(b); and two counts of corruption of minors, in
violation of 18 Pa.C.S.A. §6301 (a)(1).
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
Defendant executed the colloquy form, including his understanding of the
consequences of pleading guilty to a Megan's Law Offense and the consequences of
being found a Sexually Violent Predator. At the conclusion of the guilty plea hearing, the
court entered an order directing the State Sexual Offender Assessment Board to perform
an assessment of Defendant, as required by 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9799.24, to determine if
Defendant is a sexually violent predator. Said assessment was performed and on
October 25, 2013 the Sexual Offenders Assessment Board sent notice that Defendant
met the criteria of a sexually violent predator.
On January 8,2014 and February 26,2014, an evidentiary hearing was held. On
February 26,2014 this court determined that Defendant was a Sexually Violent Predator
pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9799.24(e)(3). Defendant filed a timely Notice of Appeal on
March 27, 2014. Defendant alleges that this court erred in declaring him a sexually
violent predator. We disagree.
The Commonwealth has the burden of showing that Defendant is a sexually
violent predator by clear and convincing evidence. 42 Pa.C.S.A. §9799.24(e)(3). In
order to determine whether a defendant is a sexually violent predator, the
Commonwealth must show that a defendant was convicted of a "sexually violent
offense," one of the offenses listed in the statute, and that a defendant is a sexually
violent predator because he has a mental or personality disorder which makes the
defendant more likely to commit a "predatory sexually violent offense." 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§9799.12.
42 Pa.C.S.A. §9799.12 defines a sexually violent predator as "[aJ person who
has been convicted of a sexually violent offense as set forth in section 9799.14 (relating
2
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
to registration) and who is determined to be a sexually violent predator under section
9799.24 (relating to assessments) due to a mental abnormality or personality disorder
that makes the person likely to engage in predatory sexually violent offenses."
There is no dispute that Defendant was convicted of sexually violent offenses as
set forth in 42 Pa.C.SA § 9799.14. Defendant entered a guilty plea to involuntary
deviate sexual intercourse, in violation of 18 Pa.C.SA §3123(a)(7), and one count of
statutory sexual assault, in violation of 18 Pa.C.SA §3122.1(b). Both crimes are listed in
42 Pa.C.SA § 9799.14.
Therefore, in accordance with 42 Pa.C.SA §9799.24(a), this court properly
ordered a member of the Board of Assessment to assess Defendant to see if he meets
the criteria for a sexually violent predator. In 42 Pa.C.SA § 9799.24, the legislature
has provided a list of fourteen factors to consider in the sexual offender assessment,
but also points out that an assessment need not be limited to the listed factors.'
'42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9799.24(b) lists as factors:
(1) Facts of the current offense, including:
i. Whether the offense involved multiple victims.
ii. Whether the individual exceeded the means necessary to achieve the offense.
iii. The nature of the sexual contact with the victim.
iv. Relationship of the individual to the victim.
v. Age of the victim.
vi. Whether the offense included a display of unusual cruelty by the individual during the
commission of the crime.
vii. The mental capacity of the victim.
(2) Prior offense history, including:
i. The individual's prior criminal record.
ii. Whether the individual completed any prior sentences.
iii. Whether the individual participated in available programs for sexual offenders.
(3) Characteristics of the individual, including:
i. Age of the individual.
ii. Use of illegal drugs by the individual.
iii. Any mental illness, mental disability or mental abnormality.
iv. Behavioral characteristics that contribute to the individual's conduct.
3
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
Thereafter, as discussed above, the Board member submitted a written report and a
sexually violent predator hearing was held.
At the hearing, it is the court's duty to determine whether the Commonwealth has
proved by clear and convincing evidence that the individual is a sexually violent
predator. 42 Pa.C.SA §9799.24(e)(3). See also Commonwealth v. Snyder, 870 A.2d
336, 347 (Pa.Super. 2005). The "clear and convincing" standard "requires evidence
that is 'so clear, direct, weighty, and convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to
a clear conviction, without hesitancy, of the truth of the precise facts in issue. '"
Commonwealth v. Maldonado, 838 A.2d 710, 715 (Pa. 2003), quoting Rohm and Haas
Co. v. Continental Cas. Co., 781 A.2d 1172, 1179 (Pa. 2001), quoting Lessner v.
Rubinson, 592 A.2d 678, 681 (Pa. 1991).
An individual is not automatically found to be a sexually violent predator upon
conviction of a sexual offense. Commonwealth v. Lipphardt, 841 A.2d 551, 558
(Pa.Super. 2004). The relevant inquiry is whether Defendant suffers from a mental
abnormality or personality disorder that makes him likely to engage in predatory
sexually violent offenses. 42 Pa.C.SA § 9799.12.
A mental abnormality under the Act is defined as "[a] congenital or acquired
condition of a person that affects the emotional or volitional capacity of the person in a
manner that predisposes that person to the commission of criminal sexual acts to a
degree that makes the person a menace to the health and safety of other persons." 42
Pa.C.SA § 9799.12. Predatory is defined as "[a]n act directed at a stranger or at a
person with whom a relationship has been initiated, established, maintained or
4
.!.i.3G
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
promoted, in whole.or in part, in order to facilitate or support victimization." Id.
This court is also aware that just because a testifying Board member is found to
be credible, does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that the Commonwealth has
proved by clear and convincing evidence all the elements for a sexually violent predator
classification. Lipphardt, 841 A.2d at 555-556, citing Commonwealth v. Krouse, 799
A.2d 835, 840 (Pa.Super. 2002), app. denied 821 A.2d 586 (Pa. 2003). The court must
consider the assessment factors listed in 42 Pa.C.SA § 9799.24(b) and determine the
likelihood that a defendant will commit another offense based upon these factors.
Krouse, 799 A.2d at 843.
In examining a trial court's determination that SVP status is appropriate, an
appellate court's review is plenary. Dixon, 907 A.2d at 535, citing Commonwealth v.
Krouse, 799 A.2d 835, 837 (Pa.Super. 2002). The trial court will be reversed only if the
Commonwealth has not presented clear and convincing evidence sufficient to enable
the court to determine that each element required by the statute has been satisfied.
Dixon, 907 A.2d 535, quoting Commonwealth v. Plucinski, 868 A.2d 20, 25 (Pa.Super.
2005). The evidence must be viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth
and an appellate court may not weigh the evidence or substitute its judgment for that of
the trial court. ~ "The clear and convincing standard requires evidence that is so clear,
direct, weighty and convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear
conviction, without hesitancy, of the truth of the precise facts in issue." ~
In the case at hand, the Commonwealth presented ample evidence to establish
Defendant meets the requirements of a sexually violent predator. Defendant was
(4) Factors that are supported in a sexual offender assessment field as criteria reasonably related to the
5
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
convicted of the required enumerated offense. A sexually violent predator hearing was
held at which time the Commonwealth presented the expert testimony of Dr. Mapes
and Defendant presented expert testimony of Dr. Atkins. In the interest of judicial
economy, this court entered findings of fact and conclusions of law on the record on
February 26, 2014. Said findings and conclusions are attached hereto and made a part
hereof.
As set forth on the record, the Commonwealth has, by clear and convincing
evidence, met its burden of proof in establishing that Defendant's mental abnormality/
personality disorder makes him likely to engage in predatory sexually violent offenses
and that Defendant is likely to reoffend. Therefore, based on the factors outlined in
§9799.24 this court properly found Defendant to be a sexually violent predator.
Defendant's argument on appeal regarding his sexually violent predator status is
without merit.
BY THE COURT:
{i!fi£Tl~
risk of reoffense.
6
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
2
1 THE COURT: Mr. Baylarian, what was the
2 delay?
3 MR. BAYLARIAN: I was downstairs ringing
4 the bell. I was downstairs with Mr. Frame. We
5 were down there for awhile.
6 THE COURT: But you were trying to get
7 here on time this afternoon?
8 MR. BAYLARIAN: Oh, yeah. I was done with
9 Mr. Frame about 1:20, 1:25.
10 THE COURT: Okay. Good. I won't take
11 your head off.
12 MR. BAYLARIAN: I apologize.
13 THE COURT: I just have a lot going on and
14 the late backs me up. I'm glad I asked.
15 We're here in the matter of Brian Anthony
16 Frame, case number 774 of 2013. Mr. Frame
17 entered a guilty plea on August 14th of 2013.
18 It's really a plea agreement, but the charges
19 to which he pled guilty required that he be
20· assessed to determine if he is a sexually
21 violent predator according to the statutory
22 scheme.
23 Now, I am now going to give my findings
24 and conclusions and rulings. These are made
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
3
1 without benefit of a transcript. I have relied
2 on my notes and documents.
3 Defendant pled guilty to involuntary
4 deviate sexual intercourse, statutory sexual
5 assault, and two counts of corruption of
6 minors.
7 The first two charges are charges that
8 lead to the need for an assessment under the
9 law.
10 We had a hearing on January 8th and
11 February 6th, 2014, on the issue of whether or
12 not he is a sexually violent predator. We have
13 had a number of snow days and delays, more than
14 I have seen in my life during this time frame.
15 So we're now here together to finally reach the
16 conclusions and move forward on the
17 implementation of the sentence.
18 In order for the Court to determine
19 whether a defendant is a SVP, is the phrase I
20 will use for sexually violent predator -- it
21 might save a little time and effort to use
22 SVP -- the Commonwealth must show that the
23 defendant was convicted of a, quote, sexually
24 violent offense, end of quote, one of the
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
4
1 offenses listed in the statute, and that a
2 defendant is SVP because he has a mental
3 abnormality or personality disorder which makes
4 him more likely to commit a predatory sexually
5 violent offense.
6 Section 979912 of the Title 42. I am not
going to put in all of the statutory cites. I
7
8 think we're all familiar with the law, but I am
9 reading from the -- when I quote things, they
10 are taken from 9799.
11 Predatory is defined as an act directed at
12 a stranger or at a person with whom a
13 relationship has been initiated, established,
14 maintain~d or promoted, in whole or in part, in
15 order to facilitate or support victimization.
16 A mental abnormality or personality
17 disorder under this act is defined as a, quote,
18 congenital or acquired condition of a person
19 that affects the emotional or volitional
20 capacity of the person in a manner that
21 predisposes that person to the commission of
22 criminal sexual acts to a degree that makes the
23 person a menace to the health and safety of the
24 other persons.
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
, I 5
1 I must also consider the assessment
2 factors listed at 9799.24 and determine the
3 likelihood that the defendant will commit
4 another offense based on those factors.
5 So, the defendant did plead guilty to
6 sexually violent offenses. The first two of
7 the four that I mentioned. That is a
8 requirement in this analysis. So that
9 requirement is met.
10 Dr. Mapes testified. His cv and his
11 Pennsylvania Sexual Offenders Assessment Board
12 report are both exhibits. And the assessment
13 board will be referred to as the SOAB. He has
14 been a member of the SOAB since 1997. He is
15 found to be an expert in the field of forensic
16 psychology, and in the assessment and treatment
17 of sexual offenders.
18 Dr. Mapes has performed well over 500 SOAB
19 evaluations and he has testified on SOAB
20 matters more than 100 times.
21 In this case, the Defendant Frame was
22 referred to Dr. Mapes for a SOAB assessment
23 pursuant to a court order to determine if he is
24 a sexually violent predator. Dr. Mapes
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
6
1 reviewed all of the information made available
2 to him and conducted the assessment, the
3 purpose of which was to render an opinion if
4 the defendant meets the requirements set out by
5 statute to be a sexually violent predator.
6 In the process, Dr. Mapes reviewed the
7 police criminal complaint, the affidavit of
8 probable cause, the District Attorney's list of
9 charges, the Parkesburg Police investigative
10 records, the Quarryville police investigative
11 records, and Investigator Nelson's summary. A
12 summary report of defense counsel notified
13 Dr. Mapes that defendant would not participate
14 in the assessment. Dr. Mapes testified that
15 85 percent of those assessed choose not to
16 participate in the SOAB evaluation. A
17 defendant has the right to decline to
18 participate.
19 Dr. Elliot Atkins testified on behalf of
20 the defendant. And his Cv and his letter
21 opinion were read by me, the Court. They are,
22 his letter opinion was regarding Dr. Mapes'
23 report, their exhibits. And Dr. Atkins was
24 found by stipulation to be an expert in
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
.I 7
1 forensic psychology and in the treatment and
2 assessment of sexual offenders.
3 Dr. Atkins also has years of experience in
4 forensic psychology. He was asked to, quote,
5 take a look at Dr. Mapes' report, end of quote.
6 After he did, he asked for more, and defense
7 counsel sent him, quote, discovery materials,
8 end of quote. The record doesn't reflect what
9 discovery materials he received.
10 Dr. Atkins met with the defendant twice
11 for a total of six hours. He also had an
12 associate do psychological testing of the
13 defendant. Some of that testing was
14 self-reporting.
15 Dr. Atkins believes that one cannot assess
16 a person without meeting with the person.
17 Dr. Mapes considered the defendant's
18 history with the current case and records
19 surrounding it.
20 I have read the reports. I have read the
21 CV's. I have read the court file, including
22 the affidavit of probable cause. I have heard
23 the arguments. I have heard two days of
24 testimony.
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
8
1 It is in his report Dr. Mapes desciribes
2 the instant offenses. They were one year six
3 months apart. This is gathered also from the
4 probable cause affidavit. They occurred in
5 western Chester County.
6 The victims will be referred by me as the
7 older victim and younger victim. The defendant
8 first contacted the older victim through the
9 social Internet program SKOUT in April, 2011.
10 That victim told the defendant he was 15 years
11 old. So the defendant knew that the victim was
12 underage when they first started texting. And
13 the defendant commented about him being young.
14 Phone numbers were exchanged, and they texted
15 back and forth for several months. They met in
16 June of 2011 at a park when the victim texted
17 the defendant that he was upset. They sat in
18 the defendant's car.
19 The defendant initiated sexual behavior by
20 placing his hands, the victim's hands, over the
21 defendant's penis. The defendant then
22 suggested oral sex, and they engaged in oral
23 sex.
24 The victim was 15 at the time.
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
9
1 The next crimes charged occurred on New
2 Year's Day, 2013. Both victims were together
3 on that date in Quarryville. The older victim
4 was 16 and the younger victim was 13.
5 Defendant asked them to send him a picture of
6 their penis, which they did via cell phone.
7 Defendant drove to Quarryville, picked up both
8 victims, and drove them to his house. There he
9 gave them several cups of wine while they
10 watched YouTube, then he took them to the
11 bathroom where he shaved the older victim's
12 genital area with an electric razor. The three
13 then showered together. He digitally
14 penetrated the younger victim's anus. After
15 showering -- and the purpose was to make sure
16 that it was clean.
17 After showering, the three got into
18 defendant's bed. The defendant lubricated his
19 penis and masturbated. After this, he
20 performed oral sex on the younger victim while
21 the older victim performed oral sex on the
22 defendant. Following that, defendant inserted
23 his penis into the younger victim's anus.
24 The victim told him to take it out because
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
10
1 it hurt really bad. The younger victim could
2 hardly walk due to the pain. Defendant then
3 drove the victims home.
4 The Act requires that we consider 15
5 factors during the course of the assessment to
6 determine whether one is a sexually violent
7 predator. The factors are not weighted. No
8 factor is required as the absolute for
9 determination of one's status. These factors
10 will now be reviewed.
11 One, mUltiple victims. Yes, there was one
12 victim the first time. There were two victims
13 during the second offense.
14 Two, was excessive force used to achieve
15 the offense? No.
16 Three, nature of sexual contact. It was
17 oral sex and anal sex. There was evidence of
18 intent, request for pictures, showering,
19 cleaning the victim before sex, shaving the
20 older victim's genitals.
21 Four, relationship of -- number four,
22 relationship of defendant to victims. He met
23 his first victim through the Internet, the
24 program SKOUT. Defendant was about 41. His
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
11
1 victim was 15. Defendant was a stranger when
2 he met his second victim who was 13.
3 Number five, age of victim. The older
4 victim was 15 during the first sexual assault;
5 16 during the second. The younger victim was
6 13 at the time of the offense.
7 Six, unusual cruelty during commission of
8 crime? None.
9 Seven, mental capacity of victims. During
10 the first offense, the older victim was
11 considered unable to give informed consent due
12 to his age. During the second offense, he was
13 considered able to give informed consent. He
14 was 16. The younger victim was considered
15 unable to given informed consent during the
16 offense due to his age. He was 13.
17 There was no other evidence of mental
18 disability or disorder that would further
19 impair either victim's capacities to give
20 informed consent.
21 Eight -- so they are the facts of the
22 current offense.
23 Pursuant to the statute, statutory
24 requirement of the assessment number's next.
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
12
1 We go to prior offense history. This defendant
2 has no prior criminal record, no prior
3 sentences. That was eight and nine.
4 Now, ten, sex offender treatment.
5 Defendant has not successfully completed a
6 approved sex offender treatment program. That
7 was number ten.
8 Characteristics of the offender is the
9 next area, offender age. He was between 41 and
10 42 when these offenses occurred. His sexual
11 interest in a 13 or 14 year old male is
12 deviant. while an adult male's interest in a
13 15 year old is not deviant, acting on that
14 interest is also considered deviant behavior.
15 And sexual deviancy is the second of two
16 pathways to life persistent offending.
17 Number 12, use of drugs. Both boys were
18 given alcohol at defendant's house. The
19 younger victim reported that they received
20 three cups of wine. This was from a spigot in
21 the refrigerator.
22 Thirteen, mental illness disability or
23 abnormality. This is the key issue. I am
24 building a record, but this is where there was
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
13
1 disagreement. There is much testimony from
2 both doctors on this point. Dr. Mapes stated
3 that the defendant has had a sexual interest in
4 two underage boys, and it occurred over a year
5 and a half period. Defendant was over 16 and
6 more than five years older than his victims.
7 As a result of his sexual interest and
8 behavior, he has lost freedoms and employment.
9 Dr. Mapes presented testimony and
10 supporting explanations as to his determination
11 that the defendant has the diagnosis of
12 paraphilia NOS with pedophilia features.
13 Dr. Atkins was of the opinion, based on
14 his review of the defendant, and his letter
15 critique of Dr. Mapes' report, that he would
16 identify the defendant as having a depressive
17 disorder NOS and alcohol dependence. I will
18 discuss this further.
19 And then there are a few final categories.
20 Behavioral characteristics contributing to
21 conduct. In the first offense with the older
22 victim, the defendant met and cultivated a
23 relationship with him online. Later, he
24 initiated the first sexual encounter. The
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
14
1 victim at that time was 14 and unable to give
2 consent. And in the more recent offense, I
3 need not go over that again, but it involved
4 first a cell phone, then giving them alcohol,
5 then shaving genitals. None of these acts were
6 necessary to commit offenses, as Dr. Mapes
7 reported. The acts would be consistent with an
8 offender who was practiced either through
9 actual experience or through fantasy. And it
10 was his finding that shaving of the older
11 victim's genitals was consistent with an
12 offender who have an interest in younger
13 victims.
14 Additional factors associated with risk,
15 because the enumerated factors also request
16 factors that are supported in the assessment
17 field as reasonably related to the risk of
18 reoffense, and these are factors that Dr. Mapes
19 stated, a middle-aged man who selects underage
20 boy victims is at higher risk to reoffend than
21 one who selects underage female victims. That
22 was 15.
23 Sixteen, defendant initiated the contact
24 with the older victim. His in person contact
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
15
1 occurred when the older victim was vulnerable
2 due to stress that he was suffering.
3 Defendant requested pictures of the
4 penises of the boys on the second offense and
5 that fact pattern is consistent with grooming
6 of victims.
7 Dr. Mapes testified that paraphilia NOS
8 with pedophilia features is considered a
9 lifetime disorder, which can be treated but not
10 cured. Symptoms are likely to wax and wane
11 across the lifespan.
12 Now, in further review of the testimony,
13 several key things are agreed to by both sides.
14 First, that the defendant was convicted of
15 sexually violent offenses; second, defendant's
16 actions met the criteria for predatory
17 behavior. Both sides agreed to that third of
18 the two pathways to lifetime offending.
19 Neither side found that the defendant presented
20 chronic antisocial behavior pathway.
21 So that would leave the sexual deviancy
22 pathway.
23 Now, I am going to go over the discussion
24 of the experts. Dr. Atkins testified. He said
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
16
1 Dr. Mapes should have interviewed the
2 defendant, and that you can't make an
3 assessment without an interview. This is a
4 statutory analysis here.
5 The Legislature has presented it to the
6 courts. And to say that the SOAB can't make
7 the determination, 85 percent of the time
8 because 85 percent of the defendants do not
9 agree to be assessed, would effectively negate
10 the statute.
11 So I find that that is not a controlling
12 factor.
13 Dr. Atkins, in his report, said he was
14 aware the defendant has pled guilty to one
15 count of involuntary deviate sexual
16 intercourse. He failed to list any of the
17 other charges. I don't know if he was aware
18 that there were other charges, or if there was
19 only one. The statutory sexual assault was
20 also a SOAB evaluation crime.
21 He indicated he reviewed the discovery
22 materials, but were not sure what they
23 consisted of.
24 Dr. Atkins said that as an adjunct to the
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
17
1 interviews, psychometric assessment was
2 conducted through utilizing both objective and
3 self-reporting instruments. The testing that
4 he is referring to including the Beck
5 Depression Inventory BDI-ll; second, Minnesota
6 Multiphasic Personality Inventory, MMPI-2; and
7 the third is the Abel Assessment for Sexual
8 Interest, AASI-III. The Abel Assessment uses
9 objective and subjective, that means
10 self-reporting data to a measure of one's
11 sexual interest to various stimuli.
12 And Dr. Atkins believes that this
13 defendant suffers from chronic depression. His
14 opinion and diagnosis was pursuant to the
15 DSM-5. It's his belief that the defendant
16 suffers from depressive disorder NOS and
17 alcohol dependence.
18 I do note that the SOAB does not use the
19 DSM-5. It has not been approved. I was not
20 presented evidence on whether that did or did
21 not affect these two diagnoses. But I am aware
22 that there has been sweeping changes in the
23 DSM-5 versus the DSM-IV or DSM-IV-TR. And
24 throughout his letter, Dr. Atkins continually
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
18
1 references the DSM-5 in his review and
2 criticism of Dr. Mapes' report.
3 He finds fault with Mapes conclusion of
4 paraphilia NOS. He says it can't be just that.
5 And then he finds fault with his conclusion of
6 pedophilia features.
7 Regarding the DSM, Dr. Mapes testified
8 that the SOAB has not adopted it, the DSM-5.
9 There are several problems with it, including
10 legitimate questions raised as to whether it
11 will be admissible in court.
12 He testified that the Abel test used by
13 the defendant by the defense expert is not used
14 by the SOAB. He knew the test well. He
15 described it. But the self-reporting involved
16 in the Abel test is an issue. The Board
17 actually used it years ago, but they found
18 large numbers of offenders with known victims,
19 those offenders had, basically, skewed there
20 responses to the test.
21 The SOAB felt the Abel test was not
22 reliable and it was also not relevant for their
23 purposes. It merely assesses sexual interest,
24 not sexual risk. He did agree, Dr. Mapes did,
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
19
1 did that the Beck test assesses depression.
2 Now, something that wasn't addressed to
3 the court is what connection depression
4 diagnoses have with those who come before the
5 Court. Because many, many defendants are
6 currently suffering from depression when they
7 are involved in their criminal cases. It's
8 very stressful. The unknowns of their legal
9 situation, what they stand to lose, job,
10 family, freedom, chunks of their life, leads to
11 a large number of depression diagnoses with the
12 body of defendants pending trial. And I know
13 that at the prison a good number,of the
14 prisoners are medicated for depression.
15 That wasn't addressed, but it's something
16 that, you know, can't say depression in a
17 vacuum. And there was nothing presented by
18 either side saying if there was any connection
19 between depression and sexual acting out. So I
20 don't find any connection. No one has
21 presented such. And I am not reading that in.
22 But it did -- it was something I noted.
23 Dr. Mapes also noted that Dr. Atkins
24 failed to review the 14 statutory criteria
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
20
1 required. It's interesting to arrive at a
2 decision here. I just think that it's very
3 good exercise to go through all of the
4 statutory requirements, both those 14 and
5 assessment and everything else.
6 So that in focussing the Court on what the
7 task is at hand, I'd have to realize what the
8 parameters are of the test. And knowing that,
9 then review again the testimony of the experts.
10 We do have a legislatively constructed
11 analysis that must be completed. Dr. Atkins
12 focussed on the diagnosis and referred to his
13 testing which Dr. Mapes has indicated, you
14 know, a good bit of it was not reliable and the
15 DSM-5 was not applicable, et cetera.
16 Dr. Mapes explained the paraphilia NOS is
17 widely used in the DSM-IV-TR, and is a common
18 diagnosis in the sex offender field. I believe
19 that Dr. Atkins challenged this.
20 I have seen in my review of the cases and
21 affirmance of cases in which the diagnosis,
22 with superior Court affirmance, diagnosis of
23 paraphilia NOS, I have come across it in prior
24 SOAB hearings for SVP. The pedophilia is an
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
21
1 interest in prepubescent children, but that's
2 up to age 13, including age 13. The shaving of
3 the genitals indicates trying to rid the
4 evidence of post-pubescence, according to Dr.
5 Mapes. That does make sense.
6 I don't think that -- I don't think that
7 there is any way that Dr. Atkins can get around
8 the fact that there was a 13 year old child
9 involved in the second offense. And that child
10 appeared to be the definite target of the
11 defendant during that instance. And that the
12 first offense involved the defendant finding a
13 young man who happened to be 14. Then 15
14 let's see, I might be getting the number
15 wrong -- 15 when he was met. So you can't
16 change the ages of the victims just by saying
17 that the defendant prefers older adolescents
18 than adults.
19 The interest in the 13 year old, wanting
20 to shave the victims and successfully shaving
21 the older victim supports Dr. Mapes finding of
22 pedophilia feature, and that is why he didn't
23 call him, didn't assign full pedophilia because
24 of all the facts involved in both offenses.
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
22
1 In summary, I find Dr. Mapes very
2 experienced, knowledgeable and very credible.
3 Dr. Atkins reported the defendant's current
4 sexual interest is an older adolescent and
5 adult male. That sounds awful convenient, but
6 I don't find that the claim that he is focussed
7 just on 15 to 17 year old adolescents and
8 adults which comes from self-reporting is as
9 helpful to the Court as just assessing what's
10 transpired here, which can't be changed by any !
I
11 self-reporting.
12 We have to look at the defendant's recent
13 actions.
14 The other thing is he reported it as the
15 defendant's current sexual interest. And I am
16 not sure what current means because these
17 assessments were done after the defendant had
18 been arrested, after he had met with his
19 attorney, after they decided to get an
20 evaluation. And I don't know that that would
21 be the ideal time to be making such a
22 assessment.
23 And, again, Dr. Atkins' complaint with
24 paraphilia NOS said, at least, it should be
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
23
1 spelled out per the DSM-5. But, once again,
2 that is not what we're working with at this
3 time.
4 Dr. Mapes is very experienced and
5 knowledgeable in the Sexual Offender Assessment
6 that's done. He is a very credible doctor.
7 Dr. Atkins is also a very qualified expert with
8 experience. But to the extent the testimony
9 between the experts conflicts, I find
10 Dr. Mapes' testimony, reasoning and analysis to
11 be more credible.
12 Based upon all of the above, I find that
13 defendant has a mental abnormality or
14 personality disorder. He has a congenital or
15 acquired condition which is the impetus to his
16 sexual offending.
17 I find that he has paraphilia NOS with
18 pedophilia features. This diagnosis is
19 considered a lifetime disorder, which can be
20 treated, but not cured.
21 Therefore, the Commonwealth has, by clear
22 and convincing evidence, met its burden of
23 proof in establishing the defendant's mental
24 abnormality slash personality disorder makes
Circulated 01/14/2015 10:52 AM
24
1 him likely to engage in predatory sexually
2 violent offenses, and that he is likely to
3 reoffend. Therefore, based on the factors
4 outlined in 42 Section 9799.24, I find by clear
5 and convincing evidence that the defendant is a
6 sexually violent predator.
7 Now that I found that, I have to make sure
8 that the defendant is aware of his rights.
9 I know that the defendant entered a guilty
10 plea colloquy form. There is nothing attached
11 to the colloquy form. That is different from a
12 straight guilty plea form. I know that we went
13 over a registration notification here.
14 MR. BAYLARIAN: That should all be in the
15 file, your Honor.
16 THE COURT: Yes. Right here. I think
17 that it's -- how long is his reporting?
18 MR. BAYLARIAN: Lifetime.
19 THE COURT: Lifetime.
20 This notification requirement here had to
21 do with your conviction of a sexually violent
22 offense, sir. What I am going to go over with
23 you now are your additional registration
24 requirements as a sexually violent predator.