Com. v. Piner, K.

J-S67007-14

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
KENNETH J. PINER, :
:
Appellant : No. 4 WDA 2014

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence June 14, 2013,
Court of Common Pleas, Blair County,
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-07-CR-0000675-2012,
CP-07-CR-0002676-2011, CP-07-CR-0002679-2011,
CP-07-CR-0002680-2011, CP-07-CR-0002681-2011,
CP-07-CR-0002687-2011 and CP-07-CR-0002695-2011

BEFORE: DONOHUE, MUNDY and FITZGERALD*, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY DONOHUE, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 09, 2015

Appellant, Kenneth J. Piner (“Piner”), appeals from the judgment of

sentence entered on June 14, 2013, following his convictions for multiple

counts of, inter alia, possession of a controlled substance, 35 P.S. § 780-

113(a)(16), possession of a controlled substance with the intent to deliver

(“PWID”), 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30), conspiracy to deliver a controlled

substance, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 903, criminal use of a communications facility, 18

Pa.C.S.A. § 7512(a), racketeering and corrupt organizations, 18 Pa.C.S.A. §

911(b)(3), conspiracy to violate racketeering and corrupt organizations laws,

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 911(b)(4), and dealing in proceeds of unlawful activities, 18

Pa.C.S.A. § 5111(a)(1).

*Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S67007-14

After a series of controlled buys of cocaine, on or about November 4,

2011, police arrested Piner and charged him (at six docket numbers 1) with

possession of cocaine, PWID, conspiracy to commit PWID, and criminal use

of a communications facility. In or around December 2011, a statewide

investigating grand jury began hearing testimony relating to the distribution

of cocaine in and around Altoona, Pennsylvania. As a result of the activities

of the grand jury, on February 28, 2012, additional drug-related charges,

including charges under Pennsylvania’s racketeering and corrupt

organizations law (18 Pa.C.S.A. § 911), were filed against Piner 2 and

thirteen other defendants. The trial court consolidated the charges against

Piner at all seven docket numbers for trial.

On September 5, 2012, Piner entered a guilty plea on various of the

charges against him at all seven docket numbers. On February 21, 2013,

however, Piner filed a motion to withdraw his guilty plea, and on March 7,

2013, approximately two weeks before the scheduled start of trial, the trial

court granted Piner’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea. A jury trial

commenced on March 25, 2013 against Piner and the other defendants

charged in connection with the grand jury’s activities. Piner testified on his

1
The charges at CR-2676-2011 related to activities on August 11, 2011; at
CR-2679-2011 for activities on September 7, 2011; at CR-2680-2011 for
activities on June 16, 2011; at CR-2681-2011 for activities on June 23,
2011; at CR-2687-2011 for activities on November 30, 2010; and at CR-
2695-2011 for activities on January 14, 2011.
2
These charges against Piner were filed at docket number CR-675-2012.

-2-
J-S67007-14

own behalf, admitting that he sold cocaine out of the Corner Bar in Altoona,

but denying that he was part of any drug trafficking organization. At the

conclusion of the eleven-day trial, the jury convicted Piner of the above-

listed offenses. The trial court sentenced him to 36 to 72 years of

imprisonment.

On appeal,3 Piner raises seven issues for our consideration and

determination:

1. Did the prosecution, by telling the grand jury [Piner]
was “involved in homicides’, so contaminate the
proceedings so as to warrant dismissal of all the
charges issued and directed by the grand jury
presentment?

2. Did the trial court improperly deny [Piner] his
requested suppression hearing to contest the
unverified consensual phone wiretaps using
unreliable confidential informants in the six
controlled buy cases?

3. Was [Piner] unfairly denied a hearing on his
requested motion to suppress evidence obtained
from his residence improperly by police using search
warrants issued without probable cause?

4. Was the verdict regarding the grand jury corrupt
organization-conspiracy charges against the weight
of the evidence?

3
On March 25, 2014, the trial court filed a written opinion pursuant to Rule
1925(a) of the Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure. On October 9,
2014, this Court remanded the case back to the trial court for the
preparation of a supplemental Rule 1925(a) opinion with respect to issues 1,
2, 3, 4, and 7. In response, the trial court issued two supplemental Rule
1925(a) opinions, one by the Honorable Judge Timothy M. Sullivan dated
November 19, 2014, and the second by the Honorable Judge Daniel J.
Milliron dated December 3, 2014.

-3-
J-S67007-14

5. Was the non-consensual phone tap permission
improperly granted by the Superior Court?

6. Was [Piner] a victim of sentence entrapment or
manipulation and therefore entitled to a reduced
sentence?

7. Were [Piner’s] due process rights violated by a faulty
(unfair) grand jury presentation and failure of the
Commonwealth and trial court to ensure that he had
his full requested suppression hearings?

Piner’s Brief at 27.

For his first issue on appeal, Piner contends that the trial court erred in

denying the motion to dismiss the criminal complaint and grand jury

presentment he filed four days before the start of trial. In this motion, Piner

requested that the trial court conduct an in camera review of the transcript

of the grand jury proceedings to determine whether the charges at docket

number at CR-675-2012 should be dismissed as a result of prosecutorial

misconduct. In particular, Piner’s motion brought to the trial court’s

attention statements by the prosecutor to a grand jury witness indicating

that Piner and his brother Stephen had been involved in a particular drug-

related homicide.4 Motion to Dismiss Complaint/Presentment, 3/21/2013,

¶¶ 1-7.

4
During the grand jury proceedings, the prosecutor asked a witness, “You
didn’t know they [the Piner brothers] were involved in the homicide of Lisa
Snider? At least that is the word on the street.” Piner’s Brief at 37.
[FOOTNOTE CONT’D]

-4-
J-S67007-14

The trial court initially deferred a ruling but denied Piner’s motion at

the conclusion of trial by order dated April 10, 2013. This order is

problematic for multiple reasons. First, the trial court denied Piner’s motion

as untimely because it was not included in an omnibus pretrial statement

filed within thirty days of the arraignment, as required by Rule 579 of the

Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal Procedure. Trial Court Order, 4/10/2013, at

2. The trial court does not explain its basis for concluding that a motion of

the type at issue here (dismissal of criminal complaint or investigating grand

jury presentment for prosecutorial misconduct) must be included in an

In summarizing the criminal history section of the application for wiretaps
submitted to this Court (see infra issue five), the trial court offered the
following background on this criminal episode:

Even though the charges of Criminal Homicide and
Criminal Conspiracy to Commit Homicide were
eventually dismissed, both [Piner] and his brother,
Stephen Piner, were implicated in that homicide as
well as another homicide, the victims being Julius
Jackson and Lisa Snyder. Ms. Snyder was working
as a confidential informant for the Altoona Police
Department at the time of her demise. Agent Adams
testified that even though neither Piner has ever
been convicted of either [h]omicide, [] the
confidential informants being utilized during the
investigation believed that the Piner brothers were
involved in these two homicides and that there was,
in his words, “street cred” (i.e., credibility) that the
Piners were involved in these murders. This belief,
fear and/or concern was serving as a deterrent to
confidential informants fully cooperating with the
police.

Trial Court Opinion, 6/4/2012, at 5.

-5-
J-S67007-14

omnibus pretrial motion (per Pa.R.Crim.P. 578). Moreover, even if

applicable, Pa.R.Crim.P. 579 provides that the omnibus pretrial motion must

be filed within thirty days of the arraignment “unless opportunity therefor

did not exist, or the defendant or defense attorney, or the attorney for the

Commonwealth, was not aware of the grounds for the motion ….”

Pa.R.Crim.P. 579. Piner contends that the transcript of the grand jury

proceedings did not become available to him until after the entry of his

guilty plea, and that upon the withdrawal of his plea he promptly filed his

motion to dismiss. Piner’s Brief at 39. Nothing in the certified record on

appeal disputes this contention.

Second, the trial court’s April 10 order indicates that the

Commonwealth “orally objected to the late filing” of the motion. The

certified record, however, contains no evidence of any such objection (or

other argument regarding the applicability of Rules 578 and 579). Third, the

trial court ruled that Piner had made “similar claims under previous

Petitions,” and that another judge (the Honorable Timothy M. Sullivan) had

denied these claims on substantive grounds in a written decision dated June

4, 2012. While it is true that Piner had previously objected to a reference to

a homicide in an affidavit of probable cause submitted to this Court in

connection with the issuance of wiretaps (see discussion of issue five infra),

at no time prior to his March 21, 2013 motion to dismiss had Piner raised

any issues with respect to prosecutorial misconduct during grand jury

-6-
J-S67007-14

proceedings.5 Judge Sullivan’s June 4, 2012 opinion discusses prior

allegations of Piner’s involvement in homicides in the affidavit of probable

cause. Trial Court Opinion, 6/4/2012, at 5. It does not, however, reference

any statements by the prosecutor to this effect during the grand jury

proceedings or consider dismissal of any charges for prosecutorial

misconduct.

In its appellate brief, the Commonwealth alternatively cites to

Commonwealth v. Sanchez, 82 A.3d 943, 985 (Pa. Super. 2013), for the

proposition that a conviction after a fair and lawful trial can render moot “a

defect in a pretrial proceeding.” Commonwealth’s Brief at 18. The “pretrial

proceeding” at issue in Sanchez, however, was a preliminary hearing.

Sanchez, 82 A.3d at 985. The Commonwealth has not cited to any

authority regarding the nullification by trial verdict of allegations of

prosecutorial misconduct during grand jury proceedings. Piner, conversely,

has directed us to Commonwealth v. Smart, 84 A.2d 782 (Pa. 1951), in

which our Supreme Court indicated that “it might be possible to imagine a

situation which presented justification, and even necessity, to investigate the

acts and conduct of a prosecuting officer during the course of his attendance

upon the Grand Jury,” upon the presentation of “credible, detailed, sworn

5
Issues related to “word on the street” about homicides (or threats of
homicides) by Piner and his brother also arose during testimony at the April
19, 2012 pretrial hearing regarding Piner’s request for reduced bail. N.T.,
4/19/2012, at 21-22.

-7-
J-S67007-14

and persuasive averments by witnesses of the irregularities complained of.”

Id. at 786. Based upon Smart, we decline here to extend the scope of

Sanchez to grand jury proceedings.

We need not determine whether any prosecutorial misconduct

occurred during the grand jury proceedings in this case, since even if we

were to find error in the trial court’s denial of Piner’s motion to dismiss, it

would be harmless.

Harmless error exists where: (1) the error did not
prejudice the defendant or the prejudice was de
minimis; (2) the erroneously admitted evidence was
merely cumulative of other untainted evidence which
was substantially similar to the erroneously admitted
evidence; or (3) the properly admitted and
uncontradicted evidence of guilt was so
overwhelming and the prejudicial effect of the error
was so insignificant by comparison that the error
could not have contributed to the verdict.

Commonwealth v. Melvin, 103 A.3d 1 (Pa. Super. 2014) (quoting

Commonwealth v. Hutchinson, 811 A.2d 556, 561 (Pa. 2002)).

At trial, Piner was not charged with murder and the jury received no

evidence relating to Piner’s participation in any murders (including but not

limited to the alleged homicide referenced in the grand jury proceedings). 6

6
Piner points out that counsel for the Commonwealth referenced the grand
jury proceedings during his opening statement to the jury at trial, stating
that the “Grand Jury eventually approved the number of charges that are
before you, after considering the testimony and the evidence presented by
the Commonwealth.” N.T., 3/25/2013, at 24. Counsel for the
Commonwealth did not, however, reference any murders or testimony about
murders. To the contrary, his next statement to the jury was,

-8-
J-S67007-14

Moreover, the properly admitted and uncontradicted evidence of Piner’s guilt

was overwhelming. The Commonwealth presented the testimony of law

enforcement officers, confidential informants, and lay persons regarding the

controlled buys in 2010 and 2011, during which Piner sold cocaine to

numerous individuals. During his own testimony, Piner admitted that he

purchased, repackaged, and sold cocaine. N.T., 4/9/2013, at 4-61. During

the investigation of the Corner Bar, law enforcement officers testified

that they employed video surveillance, personal surveillance, pen

registers to record phone information, confidential informants, and

wiretaps. N.T., 3/27/2013, at 161-162. During the investigation, the

evidence disclosed that law enforcement officers listened to and

monitored a total of 19,217 phone calls and texts messages from the

phones of Piner and his brother Stephen, 2,377 of which directly or

indirectly referenced drug information or delivery. Id. at 137.

With respect to the racketeering and corrupt organizations convictions,

the evidence generally showed that Damion Floyd operated a drug trafficking

organization from the Corner Bar in Altoona. After his incarceration, Floyd

continued to operate the organization from prison, with primary assistance

from Jermaine Samuel and Octavius Cooley. Rodney Williams was the

source of the cocaine in Baltimore, Maryland, and Shonda Hicks, a bartender

“Consequently, you will consider charges that involve a number of controlled
purchases from Kenneth Piner.” Id. We also note that Piner’s trial counsel
did not object to these remarks.

-9-
J-S67007-14

at the Corner Bar, went to Baltimore on multiple occasions to transport the

cocaine to Altoona. Samuel and Cooley then distributed the cocaine to,

among others, Piner and his brother Stephen. Regarding Piner’s association

and participation in the organization, during relevant parts of 2010 and

2011, Piner resided at the Corner Bar. Agent Albert Adams testified that

based upon the surveillance of phone calls and texts, Piner, while having a

smaller customer base than did his brother Stephen, clearly played a role in

the organization. N.T., 3/27.2013, at 146-47, 176. While Piner denied

that he ever purchased or received drugs from Samuel, Trooper Craig

Grassmyer testified that Piner informed him that he could purchase 18

ounces of cocaine from Samuel “at any time he wanted.” N.T.,

4/2/2013, at 109-110. During his own testimony, Piner admitted both

that he purchased cocaine from Octavious Cooley, a member of the

Corner Bar organization, and that he knew the drugs he was purchasing

came from Baltimore. N.T., 4/2/2013, at 22, 35-36.

Piner was convicted of a violation of section 911(b)(3) of

Pennsylvania’s Corrupt Organizations Act, which provides as follows:

(b) Prohibited activities.--

(3) It shall be unlawful for any person employed by
or associated with any enterprise to conduct or
participate, directly or indirectly, in the conduct of
such enterprise's affairs through a pattern of
racketeering activity.

- 10 -
J-S67007-14

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 911(b)(4). As set forth herein, the properly admitted and

uncontradicted evidence of Piner’s association with, and participation in, the

Corner Bar enterprise was overwhelming. Accordingly, we conclude that any

errors relating to the trial court’s denial of Piner’s motion to dismiss based

upon instances of prosecutorial misconduct during the grand jury

proceedings were harmless. Piner is entitled to no relief on his first issue on

appeal.

For his second issue on appeal, Piner contends that the trial court

improperly denied him a suppression hearing to contest certain consensual

phone wiretaps, pursuant to which evidence was gathered in support of the

six controlled buy cases (CR-2676-2011, CR-2679-2011, CR-2680-2011, CR-

2681-2011, CR-2687-2011, and CR-2695-2011). The trial court and the

Commonwealth argue that Piner waived this issue. We agree with Piner that

the issue was properly raised and preserved for appeal, but deny relief

based upon harmless error.

To recap the relevant facts, on November 4, 2011, the police arrested

Piner and charged him with PWID and other drug-related crimes. On

November 10, 2011, the police served him with three notices, entitled

“Notice of Electronic Wiretapping or Surveillance” forms, informing him that

consensual wiretaps, authorized by 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5704, had been used to

gather evidence in connection with the six controlled buy cases. In his

Omnibus Pretrial Motion filed at the above-referenced six docket numbers,

- 11 -
J-S67007-14

Piner sought the suppression of all evidence obtained pursuant to these

consensual wiretaps.

MOTION TO PROVIDE THE BASIS AND AUTHORITY FOR
THE WIRETAPPING FOR ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE

28.

Your Petitioner was provided with Notice of
Wiretapping Electronic Surveillance on November 10,
2011 by Detective Sgt. Johannides and Officer Moser
of the Altoona Police Department.

29.

Your Petitioner respectfully requests all
documentation and authority to form the basis for
the electronic surveillance or wiretapping. Your
Petitioner believes and wherefore avers that the
activities of the Commonwealth were not in
accordance with the Wiretapping and Electronic
Surveillance Control Act set forth at 18 Pa.C.S. §
5704 nor were they conforming with the strict
limitations required by said Act.

WHEREFORE, your Petitioner respectfully
requests the suppression of all information seized as
a result of the wiretapping and/or electronic
surveillance.

Omnibus Pretrial Motion, 2/27/2012, at ¶¶ 28-29. Piner filed his Omnibus

Pretrial Statement on February 27, 2012.

The next day, February 28, 2012, the Commonwealth filed the grand

jury-related charges against Piner (subsequently docketed at CR-675-2012).

Supporting evidence for these new charges had been gathered pursuant to

- 12 -
J-S67007-14

non-consensual wiretaps of telephone calls authorized by this Court

pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5710(a).

The trial court conducted an evidentiary hearing on Piner’s Omnibus

Pretrial Motion on April 19, 2012, at which time the Commonwealth

presented witnesses with respect to three issues: delays in scheduling the

preliminary hearing, a request for modification of bail, and authorization for

non-consensual wiretaps. N.T., 4/19/2012, at 3-4. In its June 4, 2012

opinion, the trial court described the contents of briefs7 received from

counsel for the parties after the April 19 hearing:

In his one page memorandum, counsel for [Piner]
stated the following:

“In realty [sic], the non-consensual
surveillance or interceptions were not
conducted during the time frame of the
investigation and matters before the
Court. No testimony was presented
regarding the consensual interceptions.
Accordingly, counsel for [Piner]
requested suppression of any and all
evidence seized as a result of the
consensual interceptions” (Emphasis
added).

In his one page responsive letter memorandum,
[counsel for the Commonwealth] points out that
defense counsel did not previously raise an issue
relative to the consensual interceptions done in this
case, specifically conversations between the CI and
[Piner]. As a result, the Commonwealth did not
present any testimony as to those matters during
our April 19, 2012 hearing.

7
These briefs do not appear in the certified record.

- 13 -
J-S67007-14

Trial Court Opinion, 6/4/2012, at 2. For these reasons, the trial court

rejected Piner’s challenge to the consensual wiretaps:

Based upon our review of the Motion filed on behalf
of [Piner], we agree that [Piner] never raised an
issue as to the consensual interceptions involving the
CI’s [sic] and [Piner]. Therefore, the Commonwealth
was never put “on notice” that this would be an issue
before the court.

Id. (emphasis in original). In its supplemental Rule 1925(a) opinion, the

trial court determined that Piner had waived his right to a suppression

hearing on the consensual wiretaps. Trial Court Opinion, 12/3/14, at 8.

We cannot agree that Piner waived this issue. As set forth above,

Piner specifically raised the issue of consensual interceptions in paragraphs

28 and 29 of his Omnibus Pretrial Motion. Although these paragraphs do not

use the words “consensual interceptions,” they clearly refer to them, for at

least two reasons. First, paragraph 29 refers to 18 Pa.C.S. § 5704, the

applicable statutory provision for consensual wiretaps. See 18 Pa.C.S.

§ 5704(4) (“[A]ll parties to the communication [must] have given prior

consent to such interception.”). Second, these paragraphs were included in

Piner’s Omnibus Pretrial Motion filed on February 27, 2012, one day before

the grand jury related charges against Piner (involving the use of non-

consensual wiretaps) were even filed. As a result, when the Omnibus

Pretrial Motion was filed, the use of non-consensual wiretaps was not yet at

- 14 -
J-S67007-14

issue in the case, and thus its paragraphs 28 and 29 must refer to, and raise

the issue of suppression obtained from, consensual interceptions.

The Commonwealth’s introduction of evidence at the April 19 hearing

regarding authorization for non-consensual wiretaps utilized in the grand

jury proceedings was not responsive to the issue of consensual wiretaps

raised in paragraphs 28 and 29 of the Omnibus Pretrial Motion. To the

extent that there was any confusion on this matter, counsel for Piner

clarified this point in his one page memorandum brief filed after the hearing.

The Commonwealth did not, however, request another evidentiary hearing

to rectify this apparent oversight, and the trial court did not conduct one.8

8
On appeal, the Commonwealth contends that Piner waived this issue
because at a subsequent evidentiary hearings on April 19, 2012 and June
21, 2012, counsel for Piner stipulated that only a limited number of issues
(not including consensual intercepts) remained pending. Our review of
these transcripts does not support these contentions. At the April 19, 2012
evidentiary hearing, neither counsel nor the trial court attempted to limit the
number of pending issues. Instead, counsel for the Commonwealth merely
stated that “The Commonwealth would be prepared to address the
preliminary hearing delay, the bail issues raised by Mr. Piner, the
authorization for the nonconsensual intercept as well as the need for the
extraordinary measure of a non-consensual intercept.” N.T., 4/19/2012, at
3-4.

With respect to the June 21, 2012 evidentiary hearing, the Commonwealth
asserts that “the trial court and Piner agreed that the only issues before the
court were Piner’s request to sever the charges and a petition for nominal
bail under Pa.R.Crim.P. 600.” Commonwealth’s Brief at 21. The transcript
reflects that counsel for Piner raised the suppression issues, advising the
trial court that “Judge Sullivan has rendered a decision based upon the
Motion to Suppress that we had filed earlier. So, I’m not going to renew
that at this time.” N.T., 6/21/2012, at 1.

- 15 -
J-S67007-14

Although we conclude that the trial court erred in denying Piner’s

motion to suppress evidence obtained by consensual wiretaps without first

receiving evidence of prior consent, we find this to be harmless error. See

Commonwealth v. Arrington, 86 A.3d 831, 846-48 (Pa.), cert. denied sub

nom., Arrington v. Pennsylvania, 135 S. Ct. 479 (2014) (error in

connection with 18 Pa.C.S. § 5704 analysis is subject to harmless error

doctrine). In this case, the evidence obtained through the use of consensual

wiretaps was merely cumulative of other properly-introduced evidence with

substantially similar content. The jury heard testimony from multiple

witnesses that Piner sold cocaine in the Altoona area during the time periods

relevant to the six controlled buy cases. Among others, confidential

informants Michael Lattieri and Robert Cherry testified regarding their

controlled purchases from Piner for law enforcement. N.T., 3/25/2013, at

93-129; N.T., 3/26/2013, at 12-163. Sergeant Troy Johannides testified

regarding his supervision of Michael Lattieri, N.T., 3/26/2013, at 189-221;

N.T., 3/27/2013, at 18-47; N.T., 3/28/2013, at 34-47; N.T., 4/4/2013, at

14-22, and Corporal Christopher Moser testified regarding his supervision of

Robert Cherry. N.T., 3/25/2013, at 53-91; N.T., 4/5/2013, at 87-104.

Deanna Savino, Greg Conrad and Damien Pierce all testified that they

purchased cocaine from Piner. N.T., 3/27/2013, at 29-45; N.T., 3/28/2013,

at 75-102; N.T., 4/3/2013, at 60-72. Linda Hartman testified that Piner

provided cocaine to people who in turn sold it to her, N.T., 3/28/2013, at

- 16 -
J-S67007-14

103-107, and Aubrey Moore testified that Piner provided her with cocaine

from January 2011 through November 2011 and that she saw Piner sell

cocaine to another person. N.T., 4/2/2013, at 3-22. Finally, Piner himself

testified that he routinely sold cocaine during the relevant time period,

including to Lattieri and Cherry. N.T., 4/8/2013, at 226-231.

For his third issue on appeal, Piner argues that he was denied a

hearing on his requested motion to suppress evidence improperly obtained

from his residence by police using search warrants issued without probable

cause. Piner raised this issue initially in his Omnibus Pretrial Motion. See

Omnibus Pretrial Motion, 2/27/2012, at ¶¶ 16-21. Similar to issue two

discussed hereinabove, the trial court and the Commonwealth contend that

Piner waived this issue by not raising it during pretrial proceedings or before

trial. Trial Court Opinion, 12/3/2014, at 8-9.

We need not wade through the parties respective waiver arguments

again, since even if the issue was adequately preserved for appeal, no relief

is due based upon harmless error. On appeal, Piner admits that the only

evidence allegedly improperly seized during the service of search warrants at

his residence on November 4, 2011 was “a small amount of cocaine” found

in one of his pockets. Piner’s Brief at 51. Given the substantial volume of

evidence introduced at trial regarding Piner’s possession and sale of cocaine

(including through his own testimony), the disclosure to the jury that he

possessed a small amount of cocaine in a pocket at the time of his arrest

- 17 -
J-S67007-14

was not prejudicial to his defense, or at worst any such prejudice was de

minimis.

For his fourth issue on appeal, Piner challenges the weight of the

evidence in support of his convictions for violations of Pennsylvania’s

racketeering and corruption organizations law, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 911. Our

standard of review for weight of the evidence claims is well-settled:

The weight given to trial evidence is a choice for the
factfinder. If the factfinder returns a guilty verdict,
and if a criminal defendant then files a motion for a
new trial on the basis that the verdict was against
the weight of the evidence, a trial court is not to
grant relief unless the verdict is so contrary to the
evidence as to shock one’s sense of justice.

When a trial court denies a weight-of-the-evidence
motion, and when an appellant then appeals that
ruling to this Court, our review is limited. It is
important to understand we do not reach the
underlying question of whether the verdict was, in
fact, against the weight of the evidence. We do not
decide how we would have ruled on the motion and
then simply replace our own judgment for that of the
trial court. Instead, this Court determines whether
the trial court abused its discretion in reaching
whatever decision it made on the motion, whether or
not that decision is the one we might have made in
the first instance.

Moreover, when evaluating a trial court’s ruling, we
keep in mind that an abuse of discretion is not
merely an error in judgment. Rather, it involves bias,
partiality, prejudice, ill-will, manifest
unreasonableness or a misapplication of the law. By
contrast, a proper exercise of discretion conforms to
the law and is based on the facts of record.

- 18 -
J-S67007-14

Commonwealth v. Street, 69 A.3d 628, 633 (Pa. Super. 2013) (quoting

Commonwealth v. West, 937 A.2d 516, 521 (Pa. Super. 2007)).

As discussed in detail hereinabove (see supra at pages 9–10), the

Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to establish Piner’s association

with the drug trafficking organization operated from the Corner Bar in

Altoona. Agent Albert Adams testified regarding the surveillance of a

substantial volume of phone calls and texts from the phones of Piner and

his brother Stephen involving the sale of drugs. N.T., 3/27.2013, at 146-

47, 176. While Piner denied that he ever purchased or received drugs

from Samuel, a high ranking member of the organization, Trooper Craig

Grassmyer testified that Piner informed him that he could purchase 18

ounces of cocaine from Samuel “at any time he wanted.” N.T.,

4/2/2013, at 109-110. Piner himself admitted that he purchased

cocaine from Octavious Cooley, also a member of the Corner Bar

organization, and that he knew the drugs he was purchasing came from

Baltimore. N.T., 4/2/2013, at 22, 35-36.

Piner contends that the evidence did not demonstrate that he was

associated with the Corner Bar organization. Piner argues that it was

his brother Stephen who sold drugs as a member of the organization,

and that he was only “a small time $50 and $100 seller of drugs to local

addicts like himself.” Piner’s Brief at 58. At trial, however, the

Commonwealth introduced substantial evidence of Piner’s association

- 19 -
J-S67007-14

with the Corner Bar operation, including his cooperation with his

brother’s activities. Agent Adams testified:

Q. As far as Stephen Piner’s role in the organization
as opposed to that of Kenneth Piner[,] what does
that suggest?

A. That Kenneth was a little [sic] selling less drugs
or at a little bit lower level than what Stephen
Piner was.

Q. Does that say he’s not involved?

A. No.

* * *

A. I stated that they had separate distribution
groups, that they didn’t always overlap but
independent they crossed over here and there.
Through this investigation, you had at times
Kenneth Piner helping or going to Stephen or
Stephen going to Kenneth. I recall one instance
where Stephen gave Kenneth some drugs to get
back on his feet, sell, and distribute it. So
although they had their distribution groups, they
still communicated and worked a little bit
together.

N.T., 3/27/2013, at 146, 176.

Based upon our review of the certified record, we conclude that

the Commonwealth introduced sufficient evidence to permit the jury to

return a verdict of guilty on the racketeering and corrupt organizations

counts, and the jury’s verdict is not so contrary to the evidence as to shock

one’s sense of justice. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying

Piner’s post-sentence motion on this issue.

- 20 -
J-S67007-14

For his fifth issue on appeal, Piner contends that the trial court erred in

refusing to suppress evidence obtained by non-consensual phone wiretaps

granted by this Court. On September 14, 2011, then-President Judge (now

Justice) Correale Stevens of this Court entered an order authorizing certain

wire and electronic communications by the Pennsylvania Office of Attorney

General, the Bureau of Narcotics, Investigations and Drug Control, and the

Blair County Drug Task Force. The order included a finding that Piner

(among others) were violating (and would continue to violate)

Pennsylvania’s Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act, 35

P.S. § 780-101 et seq. President Judge Stevens entered the order after

receipt and consideration of an application filed by the Pennsylvania Attorney

General, which included, inter alia, affidavits signed by Agent Albert Adams

and Agent Andrew Sprout. In his June 4, 2012 opinion, Judge Sullivan

rejected a suppression motion by Piner, concluding that the Commonwealth

had complied with the Pennsylvania Wiretapping and Electronic Surveillance

Control Act, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5701 et seq., and that there was sufficient

probable cause for President Judge Stevens to enter the September 14,

2011 order. Trial Court Opinion, 6/4/2012, at 6.

Our well-settled standard of review of the denial of a motion to

suppress evidence is as follows:

[An appellate court's] standard of review in
addressing a challenge to the denial of a suppression
motion is limited to determining whether the

- 21 -
J-S67007-14

suppression court's factual findings are supported by
the record and whether the legal conclusions drawn
from those facts are correct. Because the
Commonwealth prevailed before the suppression
court, we may consider only the evidence of the
Commonwealth and so much of the evidence for the
defense as remains uncontradicted when read in the
context of the record as a whole. Where the
suppression court's factual findings are supported by
the record, [the appellate court is] bound by [those]
findings and may reverse only if the court's legal
conclusions are erroneous. Where ... the appeal of
the determination of the suppression court turns on
allegations of legal error, the suppression court's
legal conclusions are not binding on an appellate
court, whose duty it is to determine if the
suppression court properly applied the law to the
facts. Thus, the conclusions of law of the courts
below are subject to [] plenary review.

Commonwealth v. Garibay, 2014 WL 6910879, at *2 (Pa. Super.

December 9, 2014) (quoting Commonwealth v. Jones, 988 A.2d 649, 654

(Pa. 2010)).

Authorizations for wiretaps under the Wiretapping and Electronic

Surveillance Control Act must be instituted by the filing of an application

containing one or more sworn statements by investigative or law

enforcement officers who have knowledge of relevant information

justifying the application. The sworn statements must include “a

particular statement of facts showing that other normal investigative

procedures with respect to the offense have been tried and have failed,

or reasonably appear to be unlikely to succeed if tried or are too

- 22 -
J-S67007-14

dangerous to employ.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5709(3)(vii). Before a judge9

may issue an order authorizing an interception, the judge is required to

determine on the basis of the facts submitted in the application that

there is probable cause pursuant to section 5710(a):

§ 5710. Grounds for entry of order

(a) Application.--Upon consideration of an application, the
judge may enter an ex parte order, as requested or as
modified, authorizing the interception of wire, electronic or
oral communications anywhere within the Commonwealth, if
the judge determines on the basis of the facts submitted by
the applicant that there is probable cause for belief that all
the following conditions exist:

(1) the person whose communications are to be
intercepted is committing, has or had committed
or is about to commit an offense as provided in
section 5708 (relating to order authorizing
interception of wire, electronic or oral
communications);

(2) particular communications concerning such
offense may be obtained through such
interception;

(3) normal investigative procedures with respect
to such offense have been tried and have failed or
reasonably appear to be unlikely to succeed if
tried or to be too dangerous to employ;

(4) the facility from which, or the place where,
the wire, electronic or oral communications are to
be intercepted, is, has been, or is about to be
used, in connection with the commission of such

9
Pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5702, the term “judge” under the Wiretapping
and Electronic Surveillance Control Act refers to a member of this Court. 18
Pa.C.S.A. § 5702

- 23 -
J-S67007-14

offense, or is leased to, listed in the name of, or
commonly used by, such person;

(5) the investigative or law enforcement officers
or agency to be authorized to intercept the wire,
electronic or oral communications are qualified by
training and experience to execute the
interception sought, and are certified under
section 5724 (relating to training); and

(6) in the case of an application, other than a
renewal or extension, for an order to intercept a
communication of a person or on a facility which
was the subject of a previous order authorizing
interception, the application is based upon new
evidence or information different from and in
addition to the evidence or information offered to
support the prior order, regardless of whether
such evidence was derived from prior
interceptions or from other sources.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5710(a).

“The standard for determining whether probable cause existed for

an order authorizing interception of telephone communications is the

same as that used to determine probable cause for search warrants.”

Commonwealth v. Birdseye, 637 A.2d 1036, 1041 (Pa. Super. 1994),

affirmed, 670 A.2d 1124 (Pa. 1996)). The question of whether probable

cause exists for a wiretap

must be adjudged by the totality of the
circumstances. Pursuant to the “totality of the
circumstances” test set forth by the United States
Supreme Court ... the task of [the trial court] is
simply to make a practical, common-sense
decision whether, given all of the circumstances
set forth in the affidavit before him, including the
‘veracity’ and ‘basis of knowledge’ of persons

- 24 -
J-S67007-14

supplying hearsay information, there is a fair
probability that contraband or evidence of a crime
will be found in a particular place. Thus, the
totality of the circumstances test permits a
balanced assessment of the relative weights of all
the various indicia of reliability (and unreliability)
attending an informant's tip[.]

Commonwealth v. Burgos, 64 A.3d 641, 655-56 (Pa. Super 2013)

(quoting Commonwealth v. Torres, 764 A.2d 532, 537–38 (Pa.

2001)), appeal denied, 77 A.3d 635 (Pa. 2013).

On appeal, Piner contends that the Commonwealth failed to satisfy

the requirements of 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5710(a)(3), since before obtaining

the wiretap authorization “the police had already collected enough

information to successfully conclude their investigation and arrest any

guilty parties.” Piner’s Brief at 60. Piner argues that normal

investigative techniques such as controlled buys, confidential

informants, and pen registers had already provided sufficient evidence,

and thus the requested grand jury investigation wiretap was

unnecessary. Id. at 60-61.

This Court has addressed the “normal investigative procedures

requirement” as follows:

[T]he standard imposed by the Pennsylvania
legislature is … designed to guarantee that
wiretapping will not be resorted to in situations
where traditional investigative techniques are
adequate to expose crime. The requirement also
suggests that a wiretap should not be employed
as the initial step in a police investigation.

- 25 -
J-S67007-14

However, the Commonwealth is not required to
show that all other investigative methods have
been exhausted. In making this determination,
moreover, the issuing authority may consider and
rely upon the opinions of police experts. In
reviewing the adequacy of the application to
support the issuance of an order of authorization,
we will interpret the application in a common
sense manner, not overly technical, with due
deference to the findings of the issuing authority.

Commonwealth v. Rodgers, 897 A.2d 1253, 1259-60 (Pa. Super

2006) (quoting Commonwealth v. Doty, 498 A.2d 870, 880–81 (Pa.

Super. 1985)).

Judge Sullivan found that the affidavits submitted in support of the

application here set forth an adequate basis to support the need for the

requested wiretaps. Trial Court Opinion, 6/4/2012, at 4. The certified

record on appeal supports this determination. While the application and

affidavits submitted to President Judge Stevens and later reviewed by

Judge Sullivan are not included in the certified record,10 Agent Adams

testified regarding their contents at some length during the evidentiary

hearing on April 19, 2012. At that time, Agent Adams explained that

wiretaps for the telephones of Piner and his brother Stephen were

necessary to learn the identity of those who supplied them with cocaine,

10
To the extent that this omission hinders our appellate review, Piner must
bear responsibility. “It is the obligation of the appellant to make sure that
the record forwarded to an appellate court contains those documents
necessary to allow a complete and judicious assessment of the issues raised
on appeal.” Lundy v. Manchel, 865 A.2d 850, 855 (Pa. Super. 2004)
(quoting Hrinkevich v. Hrinkevich, 676 A.2d 237, 240 (Pa. Super. 1996)).

- 26 -
J-S67007-14

those who purchased cocaine from them, how the cocaine and cocaine

base was packaged, where the proceeds and cocaine base were

secreted, and the identities of conspirators and their roles in the

organization. N.T., 4/19/2012, at 48-55. Agent Adams also explained

that other investigative techniques had been employed, including the

use of confidential informants, video surveillance, surveillance by

officers, and pen registers (which do not capture the contents of calls),

but were unlikely to uncover the necessary information. Id. Agent

Adams indicated that the Piner brothers had been investigated for

cocaine distribution in the past, and their knowledge of traditional

investigative techniques (and how to minimize their effectiveness)

further necessitated the need for the wiretaps. Id.

For these reasons, we conclude that the trial court did not err with

respect to Piner’s fifth issue on appeal. No relief is due.

For his sixth issue on appeal, Piner asserts that the

Commonwealth was guilty of “sentencing enhancement,” since while he

admitted to participating in routine sales of cocaine, he was instead

unfairly portrayed as an integral part of a major distribution

organization. Piner’s Brief at 62. This Court adopted the equitable

doctrine of sentencing enhancement in Commonwealth v. Petrol, 701

A.2d 363 (Pa. Super. 1977), pursuant to which a defendant may be

entitled to a departure from sentencing guidelines upon a showing that

- 27 -
J-S67007-14

his or her due process rights were violated. Id. at 366. Here Piner

argues that while he admitted to being predisposed to minor drug sales,

the Commonwealth entrapped him into committing greater offenses to

subject him to greater punishment. Piner’s Brief at 62.

We need not consider the merits of Piner’s due process

contentions. A claim of sentencing entrapment implicates the

discretionary aspect of sentence. See, e.g., Commonwealth v.

Pardo, 35 A.3d 1222, 1231 (Pa. Super. 2011). Because Piner failed to

include the required Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement in his appellate brief

and the Commonwealth has objected to its omission, Commonwealth’s

Brief at 37, this claim is waived. Pardo, 35 A.3d at 1231.

For his final issue on appeal, Piner argues that the above-

discussed alleged prosecutorial misconduct during the grand jury

proceedings, and the trial court’s errors in connection with his

suppression motions, both constituted violations of his constitutional

rights to due process. As set forth hereinabove, however, we have

concluded that Piner is not entitled to any relief on these issues.

Accordingly, for the same reasons we likewise conclude that no relief is

due on this issue.

Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Mundy, J. joins the Memorandum.

Fitzgerald, J. concurs in the result.

- 28 -
J-S67007-14

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 2/9/2015

- 29 -