FILED
COURT OF APPEALS
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF lagiT UTON
2D 15 FEB 24 AM 9: 31
DIVISION II
STATE OF WASHINGTON
In re the Marriage of: No. 451.46 -8 -I
BY
DEP T
BRETT CLYDE BIRCH,
Appellant.
and UNPUBLISHED OPINION
VICKEY ANN BIRCH,
Respondent.
MELNICK, J. — Brett Clyde Birch appeals a dissolution decree that awarded his former wife,
Vickey Ann Birch, a disproportionate share of property, as well as maintenance and attorney fees.
Brett' contends that the combined awards constituted an abuse of discretion. We disagree, affirm
the trial court, and award Vickey attorney fees on appeal.
FACTS
Brett and Vickey married on March 11, 1978, when
they were 19 years old. After Brett
filed a petition for separation on December 6, 2011, Vickey responded with a counter- petition for
dissolution of the marriage. The parties generally agreed on the proposed property distribution,
but they disagreed on the issues of maintenance and attorney fees. The matter went to trial in
2013. Both parties testified.
Vickey graduated from high school and attended community college for nine months.
When she married, she earned $ 4. 50 per hour working in a potato warehouse. Vickey stopped
working when she was six months' pregnant with her first child. The parties' two children were
born in 1979 and 1981.
1
We refer to the parties
by their first names for clarity. We intend no disrespect.
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Although she was the primary caregiver for the children, Vickey also worked outside the
home, except for short breaks before and after each birth. At one point she looked into becoming
a teacher, but the parties agreed that it was not feasible for her to pursue her degree with two small
children. Vickey instead became a paraeducator for school districts in Idaho and Washington and
structured her work around caring for her children.
At the time of trial, Vickey was earning $ 17 per hour as a paraeducator for the Peninsula
School District. She also had employment at a group home for 8 - 12 hours a week, with an hourly
wage of $11. 06. During the summer, Vickey occasionally worked as a field supervisor for the
school district' s soccer fields, earning $ 13 an hour.
Vickey averaged earning $ 1, 728 a month from these jobs. She testified that her monthly
expenses after trial would be over $ 3, 000. Vickey did not foresee any circumstance where she
would increase her earnings. Upon retiring from the school district at age 65, Vickey estimated
that her total monthly benefit would be approximately $ 1, 600.
When the parties separated in 2011, Brett stayed in the family home and Vickey moved
out. Vickey was awarded $ 650 in temporary spousal maintenance based on Brett' s unemployment
at the time. Vickey lived with a friend for three months, and after a short stay in her own apartment,
moved out to house sit to save money. Vickey testified that she would need to find another place
to live following trial and that she hoped to buy a small house.
Brett also is a high school graduate. A member of the glazier' s union, he worked largely
on glass and frame installation for high -rise buildings. Brett worked 40 hours a week, earning
37. 55 an hour, and his average monthly net income was $ 4, 933. At the time of trial, Brett' s
monthly expenses were approximately $2, 600.
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If Brett retires at age 55, he will receive a monthly retirement benefit of $1, 901. 40. If he
retires at age 62, he will receive $ 2, 716. 28 per month. He testified that he wanted to retire early
so that he could focus on developing some unimproved real property next to the family residence.
This land could be subdivided into eight lots. Unimproved, it had a value of $124, 000, but the
parties believed that the property could be worth $ 800, 000 to $ 1 million when developed.
After the parties testified, the trial court adopted their proposed 60/ 40 property division.
RP 147 -49. The court awarded Vickey property worth $ 232, 043. 34, and Brett property worth
154, 696. RP 149; CP 15 - 16.
The trial court rejected Brett' s argument that the 60/ 40 distribution of property rendered an
award of maintenance unfair. The court entered the following findings of fact to support its
decision to award Vickey maintenance:
This is a long -term marriage of 33 years to the date of the parties' separation, and
35 years to the time of trial.
The husband is age 54 and works full -time as a union glazier, earning $ 37. 55 per
hour. His net monthly earnings are approximately $4, 933.
The wife is age 55 and works two part-time jobs. Her total hours at both jobs are
greater than 40 hours per week. Her net income from both sources combined is
1, 728.
By the parties' joint decision, the family relied primarily upon husband' s earnings
during their marriage, while the wife' s employment was typically structured around
her primary responsibility for the parties' children and the home. The wife did not
further her formal education after marriage. Her income has historically been
significantly less than the husband' s earnings.
As a result of the parties' joint choices during marriage, there is significant disparity
in their respective abilities to earn a self -
supporting income. The wife is
economically disadvantaged as a result of marital decisions.
Given her current age, as well as the time and cost involved, it is not reasonable to
expect the wife to [ acquire] an education and training and then build a new career
with greater earnings prior to her normal retirement age.
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The wife has demonstrated need of financial support from the husband. The
husband has the ability to pay spousal maintenance.while meeting his own needs.
Clerk' s Papers at 11.
The court awarded Vickey maintenance of $1, 500 per month until Brett retires or turns 62,
whichever is sooner. And, after Vickey requested attorney fees of $14, 000 to $ 16, 000, the trial
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court awarded $ 7, 500 in fees based on Vickey' s need and Brett' s ability to pay.
Brett now appeals the trial court' s maintenance and fee awards, arguing that they were an
abuse of discretion given the disparate property division in Vickey' s favor. We affirm.
ANALYSIS
PROPERTY DIVISION AND AWARD OF MAINTENANCE
The standard of review we follow is set forth in In re Marriage ofLandry, 103 Wn.2d 807,
809 - 10, 699 P. 2d 214 ( 1985) ( citations omitted):
T] rial court decisions in a dissolution action will seldom be changed upon
appeal. Such decisions are difficult at best. Appellate courts should not encourage
appeals by tinkering with them. The emotional and financial interests affected by
such decisions are best served by finality. The spouse who challenges such
decisions bears the heavy burden of showing a manifest abuse of discretion on the
part of the trial court. The trial court' s decision will be affirmed unless no
reasonable judge would have reached the same conclusion.
Brett first contends that the trial court abused its discretion by ordering both a
disproportionate property distribution and maintenance. He also asserts that the trial court did not
articulate a reasonable basis for awarding Vickey maintenance in addition to the greater share of
property.
The distribution of property during a dissolution proceeding should be guided by the trial
court' s determination of what is fair, equitable, and just, after taking into account the parties'
2 The court also awarded Vickey attorney fees of $500 based on her motion to compel discovery.
Brett does not challenge that award of fees on appeal.
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economic circumstances, their separate and community property, and the duration of their
marriage. RCW 26. 09. 080; In re Marriage of Wallace, 111 Wn. App. 697, 707, 45 P. 3d 1131
2002). In deciding whether to award maintenance, the court should consider factors that include
the financial resources of each party; the age, physical and emotional condition, and financial
obligations of the spouse seeking maintenance; the standard of living during the marriage; the
duration of the marriage; and the time needed by the spouse seeking maintenance to acquire
education necessary to obtain employment. RCW 26. 09. 090; In re Marriage ofLuckey, 73 Wn.
App. 201, 209, 868 P. 2d 189 ( 1994). The only limitation placed on a court' s ability to award
maintenance is that the amount and duration must be just in light of the relevant factors. In re
Marriage of Washburn, 101 Wn.2d 168, 178, 677 P. 2d 152 ( 1984). Maintenance is " not just a
means of providing bare necessities, but rather a flexible tool by which the parties' standard of
living may be equalized for an appropriate period of time." Washburn, 101 Wn.2d at 179.
Brett cites no authority to support his claim of error, but Vickey cites a recent case
upholding an award of maintenance to a spouse who also received a disproportionate award of
property. In re Marriage of Wright, 179 Wn. App. 257, 319 P. 3d 45 ( 2013), review denied, 180
Wn.2d 1016, 1019 ( 2014). The Wright court expressly held that the trial court has discretion to
in favor Wright,
award both an unequal property division and maintenance of the same spouse.
179 Wn. App. at 269 ( citing In re Marriage ofRink, 18 Wn. App. 549, 571 P. 2d 210 ( 1977)).
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Vickey also relies on In re Marriage ofSheffer, 60 Wn. App. 51, 53, 802 P. 2d 817 ( 1990),
where the court remanded a case in which the trial court had already awarded the wife a higher
share of property in addition to maintenance. The purpose of the remand was to increase the
maintenance award:
M] aintenance should be utilized in this case as a flexible tool to more
nearly equalize the post -dissolution standard of living of the parties, where the
marriage is long term and the superior earning capacity of one spouse is one of the
few assets of the community.
The standard of living of the parties during marriage and the parties' post -
dissolutioneconomic condition are paramount concerns when considering
maintenance and property awards in dissolution actions. The record does not
convince us that the trial court adequately considered these primary factors. We
therefore reverse and remand this case for revision of the maintenance award by the
trial court.
Sheffer, 60 Wn. App. at 57 -58. Both Sheffer and Wright support the trial court' s decision to award
Vickey maintenance.
Brett' s related complaint that the trial court failed to articulate the reasons for awarding
Vickey maintenance overlooks the court' s written findings of fact. Because he did not challenge
them, these findings are verities on appeal. In re Marriage ofPetrie, 105 Wn. App. 268, 275, 19
P. 3d 443 ( 2001). The trial court considered the factors in RCW 26.09. 090 in finding that Vickey
was economically disadvantaged due to the parties' decisions during their 33 -year marriage, that
she had demonstrated a need for financial support, and that Brett could pay maintenance while
meeting his own needs.
Brett also overlooks the trial court' s oral ruling, in which the court rejected his argument
that it could not award maintenance after awarding an unequal distribution of property:
T] he agreement and the analysis for whether or not Mrs. Birch is entitled
to maintenance is a very different analysis than a fair and just division of the assets
acquired and the distribution of debt. It' s no doubt that this is a maintenance trial.
RCW 26. 09. 090 sets [ out all] of the factors that the Court must consider. And there
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is specific case law, and various appropriate theories that the Court can consider if
an award of spousal maintenance is going to be made.
Report of Proceedings at 149. The court then applied the statutory factors to the facts before
concluding that spousal maintenance would equalize the parties' income until retirement.
We see no abuse of discretion in the court' s award of spousal maintenance to Vickey, even
after she received a disproportionate share of the parties' property. Because we are unable to
conclude that no reasonable judge would have made the same decision, we reject this claim of
error.
IL ATTORNEY FEES
Brett makes a related challenge to the trial court' s decision to award Vickey $ 7, 500 in
attorney fees. This decision is also reviewed for abuse of discretion. In re Marriage ofMattson,
95 Wn. App. 592, 604, 976 P. 2d 157 ( 1999). Under RCW 26. 09. 140, the trial court may order a
party in a dissolution action to pay reasonable attorney fees after balancing the requesting party' s
needs against the opposing party' s ability to pay. Mattson, 95 Wn. App. at 604. A spouse is not
entitled to attorney fees as a matter of right. Sheffer, 60 Wn. App. at 59.
The trial court considered Vickey' s need and Brett' s ability to pay in awarding Vickey part
of her fee request. We see no abuse of discretion in this award. See Sheffer, 60 Wn. App. at 59
trial court with " all the financial facts before it" awarded the wife both a disproportionate amount
of property and attorney fees).
Vickey also requests attorney fees on appeal. We may award such fees after considering
the financial need of the requesting party, the other party' s ability to pay, and the arguable merits
of the issues raised on appeal. In re Marriage of Kim, 179 Wn. App. 232, 256, 317 P. 3d 555,
review denied, 180 Wn.2d 1012 ( 2014). We award reasonable attorney fees to Vickey. See RAP
18. 1.
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Affirmed.
A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW 2. 06. 040,
it is so ordered.
We concur:
Worswick, J.
4'(
rgen, A. C.J.
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