IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 14-1334
Filed August 19, 2015
RICHARD LADELLE HARRYMAN,
Applicant-Appellant,
vs.
STATE OF IOWA,
Respondent-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Wapello County, Myron L. Gookin,
Judge.
Richard Harryman appeals from the denial of his application for
postconviction relief, asserting claims of ineffective assistance of counsel.
AFFIRMED.
Julie De Vries of De Vries Law Office, PLC, Centerville, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Martha E. Trout, Assistant Attorney
General, and Lisa Moressi, County Attorney, for appellee State.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vaitheswaran and Doyle, JJ.
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DOYLE, J.
Richard Harryman appeals from the district court’s denial of his application
for postconviction relief, asserting claims of ineffective assistance of counsel.
We affirm.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings.
In 2009, law enforcement officers responded to a 9-1-1 call reporting an
assault. Specifically, it was alleged Richard Harryman had struck a woman in the
nose with his cane. Harryman was subsequently charged with two counts of
willful injury; the first count alleged a violation under Iowa Code section 708.4(1)
(2009), a class “C” felony, and the second count alleged a violation under section
708.4(2), a class “D” felony. Trial counsel was appointed to represent him
thereafter.
By agreement of the parties, the second count of willful injury under Iowa
section 708.4(2), along with its lesser-included offenses, were tried to a jury, and
the first count was dismissed. At trial, a deputy that responded to the 9-1-1 call
testified. At that time, the deputy’s father was married to a woman employed by
Harryman’s appointed trial counsel. Stated another way, Harryman’s trial
counsel’s secretary was the deputy’s stepmother. This information did not come
up during trial. Ultimately, Harryman was found guilty of the lesser-included
offense of assault causing bodily injury.
The victim of Harryman’s assault submitted all of her fees from her
treatment following the assault to the Iowa Crime Victim Compensation Program
(CVCP), and she was reimbursed by the program for those fees. The State
sought restitution from Harryman to reimburse the program for the fees it paid to
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Harryman’s victim of $8300.18. Harryman challenged most of the fees, denying
he caused any damage to the victim’s nose and asserting the victim just wanted
a nose job. Following the restitution hearing, the district court ordered Harryman
to pay the challenged fees. The court explained that a jury had heard the
evidence, and it found Harryman had assaulted the victim and caused her bodily
injury, despite Harryman’s testimony to the contrary. The court concluded the
evidence established all of the victim’s fees were from necessary treatments
causally connected to Harryman’s assault.
Harryman appealed his conviction and the restitution ruling, but his appeal
was later dismissed as frivolous. Thereafter, Harryman filed a pro se application
seeking postconviction relief (PCR) on a number of grounds, including alleging
his trial counsel was ineffective in a plethora of ways. Concerning his ineffective-
assistance-of-counsel claims relevant to this appeal, Harryman contends his trial
counsel was ineffective in failing (1) to disclose his conflict of interest stemming
from the familial relationship between the deputy and trial counsel’s secretary;
(2) to present certain medical testimony and evidence of the victim’s pre-existing
condition; (3) to challenge his denial of his right to a speedy trial; and (4) to object
to “leading” testimony by the deputy.
Following a hearing, the PCR court entered its ruling denying Harryman’s
PCR application. The court found Harryman’s trial counsel’s representation “was
adequate, effective, conscientious, and meaningful, as required by law, on all
complaints raised by [Harryman],” and Harryman failed to establish his trial
counsel breached its duty in representing him or that he was prejudiced by the
breach.
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Harryman now appeals, contending the PCR court erred in finding his trial
counsel was effective.
II. Discussion.
Ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims are analyzed under the familiar
two-prong test set out in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984).
See Dempsey v. State, 860 N.W.2d 860, 868 (Iowa 2015); State v. Ross, 845
N.W.2d 692, 697-98 (Iowa 2014). To succeed on his ineffective-assistance-of-
counsel claims, Harryman must prove both that (1) his counsel failed to perform
an essential duty, and (2) he suffered prejudice as a result of his counsel’s
failure. Dempsey, 860 N.W.2d at 868. “Prejudice exists where a claimant proves
“a reasonable probability that, but for the counsel’s unprofessional errors, the
result of the proceeding would have been different.” Id. (citations and internal
quotation marks omitted). Because reversal is only warranted if both prongs of
this test are proven by a preponderance of the evidence, see id., we can affirm
the PCR court’s rejection of Harryman’s claims if we determine either prong is
absent. See id. Our review is de novo. Id.
A. Conflict of Interest.
Harryman asserts the PCR court erred in not finding his trial counsel was
ineffective for not obtaining a waiver of a perceived conflict of interest. The Iowa
Supreme Court recently revisited our and other court’s conflict-of-interest
jurisprudence in State v. Vaughan, 859 N.W.2d 492, 500 (Iowa 2015). The court
reaffirmed that if neither the defendant nor trial counsel raised the conflict-of-
interest issue before the trial court, reversal will only be warranted if the
defendant shows the conflict had “an adverse effect on counsel’s performance,”
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even when “the trial court should have known about the conflict” but did not
further inquire about the conflict. Id.
Here, neither Harryman or his trial counsel raised the conflict-of-interest
issue before the trial court, and Harryman has failed to establish the “conflict” had
an adverse effect on his trial counsel’s performance. Trial counsel testified at the
PCR hearing and denied he had a conflict of interest in the case based upon his
secretary’s relationship to the deputy. He testified there was nothing his
secretary did or said that would have changed his opinion relative to his
representation of Harryman. Moreover, we agree with the PCR court’s
assessment:
Although [Harryman] may genuinely believe he should have been
acquitted of any crime, . . . [his trial counsel’s] efforts took this case
down from an initial charge of a class C forcible felony with a [ten]
year unsuspended prison sentence to a conviction for a serious
misdemeanor with absolute minimum sentencing.
Harryman did not show his trial counsel had a conflict of interest or that the
alleged conflict had an adverse effect on his trial counsel’s performance. We
therefore affirm on this issue.
B. Victim’s Medical Records.
Harryman also asserts his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
present certain medical testimony at trial and at the restitution hearing
concerning the victim and her alleged pre-existing nose condition. However Iowa
Code chapter 822, which sets forth postconviction procedures, explicitly prohibits
an applicant from challenging in PCR proceedings any “error relating to
restitution, court costs, or fees under section 904.702 or chapter 815 or 910.”
Iowa Code § 822.2(1)(g); see also State v. Brewer, 547 N.W.2d 15, 16 (Iowa Ct.
6
App. 1996) (discussing same general section, then numbered as section
822.2(7)). Instead, “[a]ny alleged errors relating to restitution must be resolved
on direct appeal or in a chapter 910 proceeding.” Earnest v. State, 508 N.W.2d
630, 633 (Iowa 1993).
Harryman petitioned for a restitution hearing pursuant to Iowa Code 910.7,
and that court determined all of the victim’s fees were from necessary treatments
causally connected to Harryman’s assault. Harryman appealed the restitution
ruling, and our supreme court dismissed the appeal as frivolous. “He cannot now
take a second appeal under the guise of [PCR].” See id. We therefore affirm on
this issue
C. Speedy Trial.
Harryman next asserts on appeal, pro se, that his trial counsel was
ineffective for failing to file a motion to dismiss claiming a speedy-trial violation.
Harryman states in his brief that he was arrested on January 29, 2009, and the
next day, he “returned to the court for the initial arraignment, which started the
[ninety] day and [one] year rule.” (Emphasis added.) Because his speedy-trial
waiver of trial within one year was obtained on March 1, 2010, more than a year
after January 30, 2009, Harryman argues his waiver was obtained after the one-
year deadline ran in violation of Iowa Rule of Criminal Procedure 2.33(2)(c).
However, his terminology is incorrect.
The Iowa Rules of Criminal Procedure set out the procedures and
timelines applicable to indictable offenses in Iowa. See Iowa R. Crim. P. 2.1(1).
After a person is arrested, the arresting officer must take that “person without
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unnecessary delay before a committing magistrate as provided” in the rules.
Iowa R. Crim. P. 2.2(1). Furthermore:
When a person arrested without a warrant is brought before a
magistrate, a complaint shall be filed forthwith. If the defendant
received a citation or was arrested without a warrant, the
magistrate shall . . . make an initial, preliminary determination from
the complaint . . . whether there is probable cause to believe that
an offense has been committed and that the defendant has
committed it. The magistrate’s decision in this regard shall be
entered in the magistrate’s record of the case.
Id. This initial hearing, where all of the above takes place, is called an “initial
appearance” under the rules. See id.
While the complaint filed at the defendant’s initial appearance commences
a criminal prosecution, that prosecution, where an indictable offense was
charged, “must include the filing of an indictment or trial information.” State v.
Penn-Kennedy, 862 N.W.2d 384, 388 (Iowa 2015) (citations omitted). The rules
require the indictment or trial information be filed against the defendant within
forty-five days of an arrest. See id. (quoting Iowa R. Crim. P. 2.33(2)(a)); see
also Iowa R. Crim. P. 2.5(5) (instructing that the indictment rules apply equally to
trial informations, except where stated otherwise).
Unlike the indictment or trial information, a defendant’s arraignment is only
required to “be conducted as soon as practicable.” Iowa R. Crim. P. 2.8(1). If a
defendant is represented by an attorney, the defendant may, unless otherwise
ordered by the court, waive the formal arraignment hearing “and enter a plea of
not guilty by executing and filing a written arraignment.” Id. Alternatively, an
unrepresented defendant must, or represented defendant may by his or her
choice, attend the formal arraignment hearing in open court. Id. There, the
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indictment or information must be read to the defendant or the substance of the
charge stated to the defendant, though the defendant may waive the reading.
Id.; see also 4A John Burns, Iowa Practice Series: Criminal Procedure § 5:4
(2015 ed.). The defendant is given a copy of the indictment or information, and
the defendant is called upon by the court to verify the defendant is charged in his
or her correct name and enter his or her plea. Id.
Pursuant to rule 2.33(2)(c): “All criminal cases must be brought to trial
within one year after the defendant’s initial arraignment . . . unless an extension
is granted by the court, upon a showing of good cause.” (Emphasis added.) The
term “initial arraignment” in rule 2.33(2)(c) refers only to the arraignment held
after the filing of the indictment or information as described in rule 2.8(1). See
State v. Hempton, 310 N.W.2d 206, 208 (Iowa 1981). Though the word “initial” is
used, rule 2.33(2)(c) does not refer to a defendant’s initial appearance. See id.
Here, Harryman is using the date of his initial appearance as the date of
his arraignment.1 This is incorrect. See id. The record shows Harryman was
arrested on January 29, 2009, for the crime of assault causing injury. On
January 30, 2009, the complaint and supporting affidavit by the deputy was
signed by the magistrate, finding probable cause that Harryman committed the
charged offense. Although Harryman waived his time to answer and entered a
plea of not guilty at the initial appearance, this does not transform the initial
1
It is apparent to us that the source of Harryman’s belief is the form he signed at
his initial appearance on January 30, 2009. At the top of the form it
states: STATEMENT OF RIGHTS AT INITIAL ARRAIGNMENT.” (Emphasis added.)
But, we note, the next line of the form states: “PURPOSE OF YOUR FIRST
APPEARANCE BEFORE THE COURT.”
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appearance into an arraignment; no indictment or trial information had been filed
against Harryman at the time of his initial appearance.
On March 9, 2009, within forty-five days of Harryman’s arrest, the State
filed its first trial information charging Harryman with the indictable offense of
willful injury. The same day, the district court approved the information and its
minutes of testimony, and it set the date of Harryman’s arraignment for March 23,
2009. Harryman was subsequently appointed counsel, and on the day of the
arraignment, Harryman filed a written arraignment, signed by Harryman and his
first-appointed trial counsel, and notarized. The written arraignment stated,
among other things, that Harryman was entering a plea of not guilty and was
waiving his right to a speedy trial within ninety days. The same day, the district
court entered an order noting Harryman’s written arraignment and waiver, and it
set dates for a pre-trial conference and trial.
On March 1, 2010, Harryman filed a waiver of his right to a speedy trial
within one year of the written arraignment. The waiver was signed by Harryman
and his attorney.
Because Harryman’s waiver was filed within one year of the date of his
“initial arraignment,” there was no speedy-trial violation. Trial counsel has no
duty to raise an issue that has no merit. See State v. Brubaker, 805 N.W.2d 164,
171 (Iowa 2011) (declining to find counsel incompetent for failing to pursue a
meritless issue). Consequently, Harryman cannot establish his trial counsel was
ineffective, and we affirm on this issue.
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D. Officer’s Testimony.
Finally, Harryman contends on appeal, pro se, his trial counsel was
ineffective for failing “to object to certain prejudicial testimony that established
[Harryman’s] propensity to commit the crimes charged.” He asserts this matter
was preserved for our review because he filed a timely notice of appeal and the
PCR court “ruled on the matter of ineffective assistance.” We disagree.
First of all, filing a timely notice of appeal does not preserve error. “While
this is a common statement in briefs, it is erroneous, for the notice of appeal has
nothing to do with error preservation.” Thomas A. Mayes & Anuradha
Vaitheswaran, Error Preservation in Civil Appeals in Iowa: Perspectives on
Present Practice, 55 Drake L. Rev. 39, 48 (Fall 2006) (footnote omitted)
(explaining that “[a]s a general rule, the error preservation rules require a party to
raise an issue in the trial court and obtain a ruling from the trial court”).
Secondly, as best we can discern from Harryman’s PCR application and
amended application, the specific issue now asserted on appeal was not raised
before the PCR court. Furthermore, although the PCR court ruled on the
ineffective-assistance-of-counsel issues presented to it, the court did not rule on
the specific issue now raised on appeal. It is axiomatic under our error-
preservation rules that an issue must not only be raised before the district court,
it must also be ruled on before we will decide it on appeal. See Meier v.
Senecaut, 641 N.W.2d 532, 537 (Iowa 2002). Furthermore, Iowa Code section
822.8 provides, with respect to PCR applications: “All grounds for relief available
to an applicant under this chapter must be raised in the applicant’s original,
supplemental or amended application.” Nevertheless, an applicant may raise an
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ineffective-assistance-of-PCR-counsel claim on appeal from the denial of a PCR
application. See Dunbar v. State, 515 N.W.2d 12, 15-16 (Iowa 1994). But here,
Harryman makes no such allegation of ineffective assistance by his PCR
counsel.
Bypassing this error preservation concern in an effort to stave off another
potential PCR proceeding, see State v. Taylor, 596 N.W.2d 55, 56 (Iowa 1999)
(bypassing an error-preservation problem and proceeding to the merits of the
appeal), we conclude Harryman cannot demonstrate the requisite prejudice.
Harryman asserts the State asked the deputy leading questions that “were
designed to place in the minds of the fact finder that [Harryman] admitted guilt to
[the deputy],” and his trial counsel should have objected to those questions.
Even assuming without deciding the State asked the deputy a few leading
questions and the objections would have been sustained, the deputy had already
provided the same substantive testimony. Additionally, Harryman’s counsel
cross-examined the deputy and ultimately elicited the same testimony from him
in clarifying and calling in to question the deputy’s memory. Moreover, the jury
was able to listen to the victim’s testimony, and it saw photos of her substantial
nasal injury and blood at the scene. Harryman has not shown the result of the
proceeding would have been different had his trial counsel objected to the
complained-of questions. See State v. Pierson, 554 N.W.2d 555, 562 (Iowa Ct.
App. 1996) (noting counsel need not make every possible evidentiary objection
to satisfy standard of normal competency). Accordingly we affirm on this issue.
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III. Conclusion.
Because we conclude Harryman failed to establish his trial counsel
rendered ineffective assistance, we affirm the PCR court’s ruling denying and
dismissing Harryman’s PCR application.
AFFIRMED.