COURT OF APPEALS
SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
FORT WORTH
NO. 02-14-00386-CR
MIGUEL RAMIREZ APPELLANT
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS STATE
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FROM COUNTY CRIMINAL COURT NO. 2 OF DENTON COUNTY
TRIAL COURT NO. CR-2013-01449-B
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MEMORANDUM OPINION 1
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A jury convicted Appellant Miguel Ramirez of driving while intoxicated
(DWI). The trial court sentenced him to 120 days’ confinement but suspended
imposition of the sentence, placing him on community supervision for sixteen
months. In his sole issue, Appellant contends that the trial court reversibly erred
by denying his requested article 38.23(a) jury instruction. Because Appellant has
1
See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
not raised a violation of any law in obtaining evidence of intoxication by the
administration of standardized field sobriety tests in English, we affirm the trial
court’s judgment.
On January 12, 2013, at around 12:06 a.m., Highway Patrol Officer
Jeremiah Hale pulled over Appellant after observing the vehicle that he was
operating cross double, solid white lines separating the service road and exit
ramp and then go back into its original lane. Hale approached the vehicle from
the passenger side and could smell the odor of alcohol through the open window.
While Appellant searched for his driver’s license, Hale noticed that the gear shift
was still in “drive,” and he instructed Appellant to put his vehicle in “park.” Hale
asked Appellant to exit the vehicle several times, asking once in Spanish.
Appellant exited the vehicle, and upon further inquiry, admitted to having had two
beers that evening. Hale decided to administer field sobriety tests, beginning
with the horizontal gaze nystagmus test. Hale terminated the test when
Appellant did not follow the pen with his eye as instructed. Because Hale did not
finish administering the test, he disregarded it.
Hale then administered the walk-and-turn test. Hale asked Appellant if he
understood the instructions, and Appellant stated that he did. Appellant
displayed seven out of eight possible clues of intoxication. Next, Hale
administered the one-leg-stand test. Appellant confirmed that he understood
Hale’s instructions, but instead of holding his foot out as instructed, Appellant
placed his foot out, counted to four, put his foot back down, took a step, and
2
repeated the sequence. Based on Appellant’s performance on the field sobriety
tests, Hale arrested him for DWI.
Appellant consented to giving a blood sample and was transported to
Denton Regional Medical Center for a blood draw. The analysis of Appellant’s
blood alcohol concentration showed 0.131 grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of
blood. The results of the analysis were admitted into evidence at trial. After the
close of evidence, Appellant requested an article 38.23(a) instruction in the jury
charge on whether there was probable cause to arrest him. Appellant’s counsel
asserted that there was a fact issue as to whether there was a language barrier
between Appellant and Hale. The request was denied.
In his sole issue, Appellant argues that the trial court erred by denying his
requested jury charge instruction pursuant to article 38.23(a) of the Texas Code
of Criminal Procedure. He requested the jury instruction because the field
sobriety tests were administered in English, and he alleged that there might have
been a language problem. Appellant argues on appeal that his poor
performance on the standardized field sobriety tests could have resulted from a
language barrier rather than intoxication.
Appellant appears to suggest that the blood test was improperly obtained
because it was the fruit of the arrest that may have been based on a language
barrier rather than on probable cause. Yet Appellant filed no motion to suppress
and did not object based on any language barriers to the admission of the blood
test results or to testimony about his poor performance on the field sobriety tests.
3
Article 38.23 provides, in pertinent part,
No evidence obtained by an officer or other person in violation
of any provisions of the Constitution or laws of the State of Texas, or
of the Constitution or laws of the United States of America, shall be
admitted in evidence against the accused on the trial of any criminal
case.
In any case where the legal evidence raises an issue
hereunder, the jury shall be instructed that if it believes, or has a
reasonable doubt, that the evidence was obtained in violation of the
provisions of this Article, then and in such event, the jury shall
disregard any such evidence so obtained. 2
For a defendant to be entitled to the instruction, the evidence must raise an
issue whether the evidence was obtained in violation of a provision of the
Constitution or laws of the State of Texas or of the United States. 3 Appellant has
not raised a violation of any law regarding the police obtaining evidence of
intoxication by the administration of standardized field sobriety tests in English.
He speculated that there was a language barrier, but there is no evidence of a
language barrier in the record and no related challenge to the admission of
evidence obtained as a result of the detention and arrest. Although the trial
judge did everything possible to try to understand Appellant’s argument regarding
a reason the arrest was unlawful, Appellant was unable to point to anything
except speculation. There was no conflicting evidence regarding the odor of
alcohol on Appellant, the traffic violation the officer observed Appellant commit,
2
Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 38.23 (West 2005).
3
Id.
4
or Appellant’s leaving his car in “drive” after he was stopped. Additionally,
Appellant admitted to consuming alcohol. The article 38.23 instruction is
required only when there is a factual dispute about how the evidence was
obtained. 4 The record reflects no such dispute. Consequently, Appellant was
not entitled to an article 38.23 instruction.
We overrule Appellant’s sole issue and affirm the trial court’s judgment.
/s/ Lee Ann Dauphinot
LEE ANN DAUPHINOT
JUSTICE
PANEL: DAUPHINOT, GABRIEL, and SUDDERTH, JJ.
DO NOT PUBLISH
Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b)
DELIVERED: April 30, 2015
4
Renteria v. State, 206 S.W.3d 689, 704 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006).
5