In The
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
______________________________
No. 06-11-00060-CV
______________________________
IN THE INTEREST OF A. L. W., A CHILD
On Appeal from the 71st Judicial District Court
Harrison County, Texas
Trial Court No. 05-0110
Before Morriss, C.J., Carter and Moseley, JJ.
Opinion by Justice Carter
OPINION
I. Factual and Procedural History
After a conservatorship of a child has been established, it cannot be attacked in less than
one year unless the movant states under oath that the child is endangered, or under other facts not
relevant here. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 156.102 (West Supp. 2011). Here, the governing
conservatorship order was entered in November 2010, and on March 1, 2011, Anthony North filed
a petition to modify that order. An ex parte temporary restraining order was issued which
enjoined the child’s mother, Ashley Weaver Napier, from, among other things, removing the child
from North’s possession until a hearing could be held. A hearing was held on April 18, and the
trial court entered temporary orders. A few weeks later, the trial court granted Napier’s motion to
dismiss North’s petition, finding that the attached affidavit failed to contain sufficient sworn
allegations.
On appeal, North argues that the trial court erred by granting Napier’s motion to dismiss
his petition to modify because: (1) the allegations of North’s affidavit were sufficient; and (2) ―a
temporary hearing had already been conducted and temporary orders had been entered by the trial
court.‖
We reverse and remand the case to the trial court because the April hearing was an implicit
finding that the allegations in North’s affidavit were sufficient.
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II. Implicit Finding
Three days prior to the April hearing, Napier filed a motion to dismiss North’s petition on
the grounds that the allegations in the affidavit attached to the petition were insufficient. The
April hearing resulted in new temporary orders. A few weeks later, on May 5, 2011, the trial
court held a hearing on the motion to dismiss, and after hearing the arguments of the parties and
taking the matter under advisement, dismissed North’s petition because, the court found, the
affidavit failed to allege that ―[t]he child’s present environment may endanger the child’s physical
health or significantly impair the child’s emotional development.‖
Section 156.102 of the Texas Family Code provides, in relevant part:
(a) If a suit seeking to modify the designation of the person having the
exclusive right to designate the primary residence of a child is filed not later than
one year after the earlier of the date of the rendition of the order or the date of the
signing of a mediated or collaborative law settlement agreement on which the order
is based, the person filing the suit shall execute and attach an affidavit as provided
by Subsection (b).
(b) The affidavit must contain, along with supporting facts, at least one
of the following allegations:
(1) that the child’s present environment may endanger the
child’s physical health or significantly impair the child’s emotional
development;
(2) that the person who has the exclusive right to designate the
primary residence of the child is the person seeking or consenting to the
modification and the modification is in the best interest of the child; or
(3) that the person who has the exclusive right to designate the
primary residence of the child has voluntarily relinquished the primary care
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and possession of the child for at least six months and the modification is in
the best interest of the child.
(c) The court shall deny the relief sought and refuse to schedule a
hearing for modification under this section unless the court determines, on the basis
of the affidavit, that facts adequate to support an allegation listed in Subsection (b)
are stated in the affidavit. If the court determines that the facts stated are adequate
to support an allegation, the court shall set a time and place for the hearing.
TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 156.102.1
We review a trial court’s decision regarding custody, control, and possession matters
involving a child under an abuse of discretion standard. Gillespie v. Gillespie, 644 S.W.2d 449,
451 (Tex. 1982); Voros v. Turnage, 856 S.W.2d 759, 760–61 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]
1993, writ denied). A trial court abuses its discretion when its ruling is arbitrary, unreasonable, or
without reference to any guiding rules or legal principles. K-Mart Corp. v. Honeycutt, 24 S.W.3d
357, 360 (Tex. 2000); Holtzman v. Holtzman, 993 S.W.2d 729, 734 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1999,
pet. denied).
To evaluate the sufficiency of the supporting affidavit, the trial court was required to look
at the sworn facts and determine whether, if true, they justified a hearing on the petition to modify.
See Mobley v. Mobley, 684 S.W.2d 226, 229 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1985, writ dism’d). A
petitioner is entitled to a hearing on his or her motion to modify if he or she swears to facts
adequate to support a finding that (1) the child’s physical health may be endangered or his or her
1
Here, it is undisputed that Section 156.102 applies because North’s petition was filed less than a year after the
November 1, 2010, custody orders, and the petition seeks to modify the party to designate the child’s primary
residence and the terms of conservatorship and possession.
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emotional development significantly impaired by the present environment, or (2) the sole
managing conservator either seeks to modify sole managing conservatorship or has relinquished
care, control, and possession of the child for at least six months and modification is in the child’s
best interest. Id.
If the affidavit is not filed or is insufficient, Section 156.102(c) requires the trial court to
deny the motion to modify and refuse to schedule a hearing on its merits. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.
§ 156.102(c). However, the trial court does not have to make a specific finding on the record that
the affidavit was sufficient to warrant a hearing; the fact that the court set the hearing was, itself,
proof that it regarded a filed affidavit as adequate. In re J.K.B., 750 S.W.2d 367 (Tex.
App.—Beaumont 1988, no writ) (ruling under previous statute); In re S.A.E.,
No. 06-08-00139-CV, 2009 WL 2060087 (Tex. App.—Texarkana July 17, 2009, no pet.) (mem.
op.). Even if a court erroneously holds a hearing despite the absence of an affidavit, any error is
rendered harmless if the testimony admitted during the hearing would support an allegation that
the children’s environment may significantly impair their emotional development. In re A.C.S.,
157 S.W.3d 9, 18–19 (Tex. App.—Waco 2004, no pet.).
In his affidavit, North stated, in relevant part,
On or about February 17, 2011, Ashley Napier voluntarily placed our child
with me, due to the police being called out to her residence with Robert Napier
because of domestic violence and that Ashley threatened to kill herself and her
daughter.
....
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Ashley signed a safety plan stating that she would leave [the child] with me
until March 22, 2011.
....
I am afraid that if Ashley gets [the child] back, he will be in danger of being
hurt by Ashley.
The parties dispute the sufficiency of these allegations, and in addition, North contends that the
April hearing rendered Napier’s motion to dismiss moot because testimony was heard regarding
the same allegations contained in the affidavit.
At the outset of the April hearing, the following discussion took place between the trial
court and Napier’s attorney, Michael L. Bernoudy, Jr.:
THE COURT: Okay. I can tell you right now the only thing I am going
to hear this afternoon will be the issue on the Motion to Modify. Then I will
entertain the Motion to Contempt.2
MR. BERNOUDY: When you say the ―issue‖, I thought the last time you
were going to take up the temporary restraining orders as well.
THE COURT: Yes. What I am saying is, the contempt matter, I am not
going to address this afternoon.
Napier failed to raise the issue of the motion to dismiss that she had filed three days prior to the
hearing.
2
Napier had previously filed a motion for contempt against North. The motion for contempt is not at issue in this
appeal.
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During the April hearing, Cassity Caviler with Child Protective Services (CPS), testified
that in February 2011, Ashley reported that her husband,3 Robert Napier, had abused her and that
Robert had ―made a call4 stating that Ashley had made threats . . . [t]o harm herself and the
children.‖ She also testified that CPS had investigated5 the February incident and that if the
allegations were true, she would recommend that the children go back due to serious concerns
about domestic violence and Napier’s drug history. Jeannie Weaver, Napier’s mother, testified
that after the February incident, she saw the bruises that Napier accused Robert of causing. The
bruises were ―on her back . . . both knees, up and down her legs, . . . and I don’t remember if she
had any on her arms or not.‖
During questioning, the trial court characterized the hearing as ―a real custody fight.‖
After five witnesses had testified and the trial court intended to recess the proceedings, the court
said, ―I don’t [want] to take the hearing back up until the [medical] records6 are turned over,‖
―[t]his is an ideal point to break . . . . ,‖ and the court told the parties to ―[s]et this matter for another
hearing once those [medical] records are in.‖
By setting and conducting the hearing, the trial court implicitly found the facts in the
affidavit were adequate to support the allegation; otherwise, the trial court was required to deny the
3
The record indicates that at the time of the hearing, a divorce was pending between Ashley and Robert Napier.
4
The call was presumably made to CPS.
5
The record does not indicate that the investigation was completed or whether it had reached any conclusion or
recommendation.
6
Napier had recently been injured in a car accident.
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hearing. Napier’s failure to bring her motion to dismiss to the court’s attention effectively waived
the motion. Accordingly, we reverse the trial court’s order dismissing North’s petition and
remand the case for further proceedings.
Jack Carter
Justice
Date Submitted: November 28, 2011
Date Decided: December 9, 2011
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