COURT OF APPEALS
EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
EL PASO, TEXAS
'
EL PASO COUNTY JUVENILE No. 08-11-00206-CV
BOARD, '
Appeal from
Appellant, '
34th District Court
v. '
of El Paso County, Texas
'
DOLORES AGUILAR,
' (TC # 2009-667)
Appellee.
OPINION
The El Paso County Juvenile Board appeals from an interlocutory order denying its plea
to the jurisdiction. For the reasons that follow, we reverse.
FACTUAL SUMMARY
Dolores Aguilar filed suit alleging that the Juvenile Board terminated her employment in
violation of Chapter 451 of the Texas Labor Code because she filed a claim for worker’s
compensation. A few days after the Supreme Court issued Travis Central Appraisal District v.
Norman, 342 S.W.3d 54 (Tex. 2011), the Juvenile Board filed a plea to the jurisdiction asserting
that it is immune from suit because it is a political subdivision and its immunity has not been
waived. Aguilar responded that Norman did not control because the Juvenile Board is not a
political subdivision. The trial court denied the plea to the jurisdiction. The Juvenile Board
timely filed its notice of accelerated appeal. See TEX.CIV.PRAC.&REM.CODE ANN. § 51.014
(a)(8)(West Supp. 2011).
NO WAIVER OF IMMUNITY
In its sole issue, the Juvenile Board argues that the trial court lacks subject matter
jurisdiction because it is a political subdivision under Section 504.001 of the Texas Labor Code
and its governmental immunity from suit has not been waived. Aguilar concedes in her brief that
the Juvenile Board is a political subdivision as defined in Section 504.001(3) of the Labor Code
and that Norman controls this appeal. Despite Aguilar’s concession, we will address the issue as
subject matter jurisdiction cannot be conferred by consent, waiver, or estoppel. See Van
Independent School District v. McCarty, 165 S.W.3d 351, 354 (Tex. 2005); Dubai Petroleum
Co. v. Kazi, 12 S.W.3d 71, 76 (Tex. 2000).
Sovereign immunity protects the State, its agencies, and its officials from lawsuits for
damages. Ben Bolt-Palito Blanco Consolidated Independent School District v. Texas Political
Subdivisions Property/Casualty Joint Self-Insurance Fund, 212 S.W.3d 320, 323-24 (Tex. 2006).
The common-law doctrine of governmental immunity likewise protects political subdivisions of
the state. Id., 212 S.W.3d at 324. A political subdivision enjoys governmental immunity from
suit to the extent that it has not been abrogated by the Legislature. Id.
We review a trial court’s ruling on a plea to the jurisdiction de novo. Texas Department
of Parks and Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 228 (Tex. 2004). Where, as here, the
jurisdictional question is limited to the sufficiency of the plaintiff’s pleadings, we will accept as
true all factual allegations in the petition to determine if the plaintiff has met her burden to allege
facts which affirmatively demonstrate a waiver. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d at 224.
Aguilar filed suit alleging that the Juvenile Board retaliated by discharging her because
she filed a worker’s compensation claim. Section 451.001 specifically prohibits an employer
from retaliating against an employee because the employee files a good faith claim for worker’s
compensation. See TEX.LABOR CODE ANN. § 451.001(1)(West 2006). An employee who is
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terminated or discriminated against in violation of Section 451.001 has a cause of action against
the employer for damages incurred as a result of the violation. See TEX.LAB.CODE ANN. §
451.002. A cause of action based on Chapter 451 cannot proceed against a governmental entity
absent Legislative consent to the suit. Texas Workforce Commission v. Olivas, 349 S.W.3d 174,
176 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2011, pet. filed). To the extent immunity may be waived, that waiver is
provided by the State Applications Act (SAA) found in Chapter 501 of the Labor Code or by the
Political Subdivisions Law (PSL) found in chapter 504 of the Labor Code. See
TEX.LAB.CODE ANN. §§ 501.001-501.051 (West 2006 & West Supp. 2011)(the SAA);
TEX.LAB.CODE ANN. §§ 504.001-504.073 (The PSL). The SAA and the PSL make many of
the provisions of the worker’s compensation system applicable to the state (the SAA) and
political subdivisions of the state (the PSL). See TEX.LAB.CODE ANN. § 501.001(6)(SAA);
TEX.LAB.CODE ANN. § 504.001(3)(PSL).
Both the SAA and the PSL provide that Chapter 451, the Anti-Retaliation Law, is
included within the SAA and PSL except to the extent it is inconsistent with the provisions of
these chapters. TEX.LAB.CODE ANN. § 501.002(a)(10); TEX.LAB.CODE ANN. §
504.002(a)(10). The Legislature amended the PSL in 2005 to provide that “[n]othing in this
chapter waives sovereign immunity or creates a new cause of action.” TEX.LAB.CODE ANN. §
504.053(e). The Supreme Court held in Travis Central Appraisal District v. Norman that with
the addition of the no-waiver provision, the PSL no longer waives immunity for retaliatory
discharge claims under Chapter 451. Travis Central Appraisal District, 342 S.W.3d at 58-59.
The Juvenile Board argues it is a political subdivision under the PSL because it is a
“county board,” and therefore, its governmental immunity has not been waived. The PSL
defines “political subdivision” as a county, municipality, special district, school district, junior
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college district, housing authority, community center for mental health and mental retardation
services established under Chapter 534 of the Health and Safety Code, or any other legally
constituted political subdivision of the state. TEX.LAB.CODE ANN. § 504.001(3). A county
juvenile board is not specifically identified as a political subdivision in the statute. The issue is
whether it is a legally constituted political subdivision of the state.
The Texas Supreme Court has held that a political subdivision: (1) has jurisdiction over a
portion of the State, (2) has the power to assess and collect taxes, and (3) the members of its
governing body are elected in local elections or are appointed by locally elected officials.
Guaranty Petroleum Corporation v. Armstrong, 609 S.W.2d 529, 531 (Tex. 1980). A juvenile
board is a body established by law to provide juvenile probation services to a county.
TEX.HUM.RES.CODE ANN. § 201.001(6)(West Supp. 2011). To that end, a juvenile board is
required to establish a juvenile probation department, employ personnel to conduct probation
services, and to operate or supervise juvenile probation services in the county.
TEX.HUM.RES.CODE ANN. § 152.0007 (West 2001). Thus, the Juvenile Board has
jurisdiction over only a portion of the State.
The Juvenile Board does not have the power to assess and collect taxes. It does,
however, have the authority to establish certain fees. TEX.FAM.CODE ANN. § 53.03 (West
2008). The Juvenile Board of El Paso County is composed of the county judge, each family
district court judge, each juvenile court judge, up to five judges on the “El Paso Council of
Judges” to be elected by majority vote of that council, a municipal judge from El Paso County
selected by the chairman of the Juvenile Board of El Paso County, and a justice of the peace in
El Paso County selected by the chairman of the Juvenile Board of El Paso County.
TEX.HUM.RES.CODE ANN. § 152.0771(a)(West 2001). The elected members of the
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governing body are elected in local elections to other offices and are not elected solely to serve
on the juvenile board. At least some of the members of the governing body are appointed by
locally elected officials.
While the Juvenile Board does not strictly meet every element of the general judicial
definition of a political subdivision, we bear in mind the unusual nature of a juvenile board. A
juvenile board is a statutorily created entity which exists separately from the county its serves
and the commissioners court. See El Paso County v. Solorzano, 351 S.W.3d 577, 581 n.2
(Tex.App.--El Paso 2011, no pet.). The Juvenile Board and the Juvenile Probation Department
are funded with both county and state funds. Solorzano, 351 S.W.3d at 583; see
TEX.HUM.RES.CODE ANN. §§ 152.0012, 152.0054, 223.001-.005. A juvenile board may,
with the advice and consent of the commissioners court, employ probation officers and other
personnel necessary to provide juvenile probation services. TEX.HUM.RES.CODE ANN. §
142.002. The commissioners court is required to pay the salaries of juvenile probation personnel
and other necessary expenses from the county’s general funds. TEX.HUM.RES.CODE ANN. §
152.0004. Even though a juvenile board is a separate governmental entity, a juvenile board’s
employees are considered to be county employees because they are paid and their benefits are
provided by the county. See TEX.HUM.RES.CODE ANN. § 222.006 (providing that a juvenile
probation officer whose jurisdiction covers only one county is considered to be an employee of
that county). Further, the Legislature appears to consider a juvenile board as a political
subdivision. Section 142.004 of the Human Resources Code provides that juvenile probation
personnel employed by a political subdivision of the state are state employees for the purposes of
Chapter 104 of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code.1 TEX.HUM.RES.CODE ANN. §
1
Under Chapter 104, the state is required to indemnify state employees for actual damages, court costs, and
attorney’s fees adjudged against them if the damages are based on an act or omission by the person in the course and
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142.004(b)(West 2001). We agree with the Juvenile Board that this provision would be
unnecessary if juvenile probation personnel were state employees. For all of these reasons, we
conclude that the El Paso County Juvenile Board is a political subdivision of the state for
purposes of Chapter 504 of the Labor Code. Consequently, the Juvenile Board’s governmental
immunity has not been waived with respect to Aguilar’s retaliatory discharge suit under Chapter
451. Travis Central Appraisal District, 342 S.W.3d at 58-59. The sole issue presented on
appeal is sustained. We reverse the trial court’s order denying the plea to the jurisdiction and
render judgment dismissing Aguilar’s suit for want of subject matter jurisdiction.
May 9, 2012 ________________________________________________
ANN CRAWFORD McCLURE, Chief Justice
Before McClure, C.J., Rivera, and Antcliff, JJ.
scope of the person’s employment, and the damages arise out of a negligence action, or cause of action for
deprivation of a right, privilege, or immunity unless the person acted in bad faith with conscious indifference or
reckless disregard, provided that indemnification is in the interest of the state as determined by the attorney general.
See TEX.CIV.PRAC.&REM.CODE ANN. § 104.001-.002 (West 2005).
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