AFFIRMEI); Opinion Filed November 21, 2012.
In The
Qtnirt of \pprahi
2iiftb Hitrirt of rxai at 1attai
No. 05-12-00099-CV
CRYSTAL MONSON, Appellant
V.
ALLEN FAMILY FIRST CLINIC, P.A., CHANDANA REDDY,
AND CANDACE GAUNTT, Appellees
On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 6
Collin County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 006-02223-2011
OPINION
Before Justices Moseley, Fillmore, and Myers
Opinion By Justice Myers
Crystal Monson appeals the trial court’s granting of appellees’ motion to dismiss Monson’s
claims because they were health care liability claims and Monson failed to file an expert report. In
her sole issue on appeal, Monson contends the trial court ened in determining that her claims were
health care liability claims. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
BACKGROUND
On July 16, 2009, appellant saw Dr. Chandana Reddy at the Allen Family First Clinic, P.A.,
for evaluation and treatment. When appellant left the office, she received a note regarding her ability
to return to work. The note was on Dr. Reddy’s letterhead with Dr. Reddy’s name typed but not
signed at the end ofthe note. The note stated appellant felt she could return to work on July21, five
days later, would then be limited to part-time work for one to two weeks, and “then if tolerated
full-time.” Appellant alleged she returned to work the next day.
On July 21, 2009, Dr. Reddy’s office msnager, Candace Gauntt, sent a letter to appellant’s
employer that, appellant alleged. “contained thlsc statements about [appellant] and placed
[appellant’s] character in an extremely bad light” The letter stated,
Our patient, Crystal Monson (DOB ) was seen in our office last Thursday, July
. .
.
16,2009. For that date of service she was treated and left with no work limitation.
Shewasabletoreturntoworkunlesssymptomssuchasfeveroccurred. Apparently,
when receiving her note for work absence, she asked for a return date of 7/21/09 to
be noted with limitations of working part time for one to two weeks, and then if
tolerated full time. Linfortunat[e]ly our new employee that filled out this return to
work note, misunderstood and thought the patient was stating what the doctor wanted
and not her own decisions regarding when to return to work and how she could work.
We do apologize for the inconvenience and hope this note corrects any problems on
our end. A new return to work now is included, ifyou have further questions please
feel free to call.
Appellant was subsequently terminated by her employer, which appellant alleged was a direct and
proximate result of Gauntt’s letter.
On July 20, 2011, appellant sued Dr. Reddy, Gauntt, and the clinic alleging invasion of
privacy by appellees’ disclosure of confidential information, intentional infliction of emotional
distress by making false statements about appellant to her employer and disclosing her confidential
The note. dated July It 2009, stated
To Wham hMay Concern
Crystal Macson has been under my cam from 07116/2009 to the psesesa [sJhe has been in flstanent for which [sioj lies
prevented a return to wash. Presently Crystal feels that [ski is able to return on 07121/2009 with limitations as noted below.
LindtationWRansden Part-time the one to two weeks then iftolerated (WI-time.
Ifyou have any questions about this matter please telephone cur at the above telephone numbers.
Sincerely
Chanda Rcddy. DO.
—2—
information, breach of contract, and negligence by Dr. Reddy and the clinic by failing to properly
supervise and train Gauntt and by failing to take proper steps to avoid the disclosure of appellant’s
confidential information. On November 28. 201 1, more than 120 days after appellant tiled her
petition, appellees filed a motion to dismiss appellant’s claims because appellant had not served
them with an expert report as required by section 74.35 1 of the Texas Civil Practice & Remedies
Code. See TEX. Civ. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 74.351(a) (West 2011). On December 13, 2011,
appellant filed an amended petition and a response to appellees’ motion to dismiss. The amended
petition omitted most of the allegations of disclosure of confidential information and omitted
appellant’s claim for invasion of privacy. Following a hearing on appellees’ motion to dismiss, the
trial court granted appellees’ motion and dismissed the cause.
EXPERT-REPORT REQUiREMENT
In her issue on appeal. appellant contends the trial court erred by dismissing her claims for
failing to file an expert report. Chapter 74 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code governs
litigation involving medical liability. See TEX. Civ. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 74.00 l—.507 (West
2011 & Supp. 2012).
Standard of Review
Whether a cause of action is a health care liability claim is a question of law. Lee v. Boot/ic,
235 S.W.3d 448, 451 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007, pet. denied). Ordinarily, we review the denial of
a motion to dismiss pursuant to section 74.351 under an abuse of discretion standard. See Am.
Transitional Care Ctrs. of Tex., Inc. v. Falacios, 46 S.W.3d 873, 877 (Tex. 2001); Fudge v. Wall,
308 S.W.3d 458, 460 (Tex. App—Dallas 2010, no pet.). However, where the issues involve
whether chapter 74 applies to the plaintiff’s claims, we apply a de novo standard of review. Nexus
Recovery Ctr. v. Mathis, 336 S.W.3d 360, 365 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.); see Fudge, 308
—3—
S.W.3d at 460 (courts apply (Ic novo standard when resolution of issue requires interpretation of
statute).
Applicable Law
Dr. Reddy and the clinic are “physicians” under chapter 74. See TEx. Civ. PRAC. & REM.
CODE ANN. 74.001 (a )(23) (West Supp. 2() 12). Gauntt, as an employee of the clinic, is a “health
care provider.’ See id. § 74.00l(a)(l 2)(B)(ii). Section 74.351 requires that a claimant bringing a
health care liability claim against a physician or health care provider serve an expert report on each
party against whom a health care liability claim is alleged. Id. § 74.35 1(a). The reports must be
served within 120 days afier suit is filed. Id. If the claimant does not serve expert reports on the
other parties, the trial court must dismiss the health care liability claims with prejudice. Id. §
74.35 1(b). The expert-report requirement applies to a patient’s claims as long as the claims fall
within the statutory definition of “health care liability claim,” Sloan v. Farmer, 217 S.W.3d 763,
767 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007, pet. denied).
“Health care liability claim” is defined as:
a cause of action against a health care provider or physician for treatment, lack of
treatment, or other claimed departure from accepted standards of medical care, or
health care, or safety or professional or administrative services directly related to
health care, which proximately results in injury to or death of a claimant, whether the
claimant’s claim or cause of action sounds in tort or contract.
Civ. PRAC. § 74.OOl(a)(13) (West Supp. 2012). To determine whether a cause of action is a health
care liability claim, we examine the underlying nature of the claim, and we are not bound by the form
of the pleading. Diversicare Gen. Partner, Inc. v. Rubio, 185 S.W.3d 842, 847 (Tex. 2005). If the
act or omission that forrris the basis of the complaint is an inseparable part of the rendition of health
care services, or if it is based on a breach of the standard of care applicable to health care providers,
then the claim is a health care liability claim. Garland Comm. Hosp. v. Rose, 1 56 S.W.3d 541, 544
-4-
(Tex. 2004); Sloan. 217 S.W.3d at 767. If expert medical or health care testimony is necessary to
prove or refute a claim against a physician or health care provider, then the claim is a health care
liability claim. Ti. W Oaks Hosp. t’. Williams, 371 S.W.3d 171. 112 (Tex. 2012). When the
essence of a suit health care liability claim, a party cannot avoid the requirements of the statute
through artful pleading of the claims or recasting the claim as another cause of action. Diversicare,
185 S.W.3d at 851.
Analysis
Appellant argues that her claims in her amended petition
2 are not health care liability claims
and, therefore, the expertreport requirement did not apply to her claims. She asserts the tortious
activity she alleged is separable from the health care she received. In her response to appellees’
motion to dismiss, appellant explained that her suit was for appellees’ accusing her in Gauntt’s letter
of being untruthilil.
Appellant’s breach of contract claim alleges appellees breached their duty to maintain the
confidentiality of appellant’s information.
3 A claim for wrongful disclosure of health care
2
Appellant’s original petition alleged appellees committed the alleged torts and breach of contract by disclosing confidential medical
information. In Sloan, this Court held that claims against a physician or health care provider for wrongful disclosure of confidential health care
information are health care liability claims subject to the expert-report requirement. See Sloao, 217 5.W.3d at 768. Accordingly, appellant’s claims
in her original petition were health care liability claims subject to the expert-report requirement. After the expiration of 120 days from the filing of
appellant’s original petition, appellees moved for dismissal of appellant’s claims because she did not serve expert reports. Appellant then amended
her petition omitting most of the allegations of disclosure of confidential information. Appcllee argued to the trial court and in this Court that review
of the trial court’s decision to grant the motion to dismiss had to be based on appellant’s claims as pleaded when the 120 days expired and not on
appellant’s amended claims filed after appellees moved to dismiss. See Jones v. Ark-La-Tex, 141 S.W.3d 790. 793 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2004,
no pet.). As discussed below, appellants claims in heramended petition are also health care liability claims. Because we conclude appellant’s claims
in both her original and amended petitions are health care liability claims. ive need not determine whether review should be limited to appellant’s
original petition.
Appellant alleged in her breach of contract claim,
Defendants breached the contract by refusing to perfoms its ]sicj obligations underthe contract, specifically. Plaintiffdid not
pay for Defendant [sic] to disparage her but rather for confidentiality. Defendants breached by refusing to honor their
agreement.
‘rhe breach was material, because Defendant [sic] did not substantially perform a material obligation required under the
contract.
Plaintiff’s injuries were a natural, probable, and foreseeable consequence of the Defendant’s breach.
—5--
infbrmation is a health care liability claim subject to the expert—report requirement. See Sloan. 217
S.W.3d at 7( (“Maintaining the confidentiality of patient records is part of the core function of
providing health care services.”). Accordingly, appellant’s cause of action for breach of contract is
a health care liability claim and is subject to the expert-report requirement.
Appellant’s causes of action br intentional infliction of emotional distress and negligence
do not alleuc disclosure of confidential infbrmation. The intentional infliction of emotional distress
cause of action alleged appellees caused appellant distress “[bjy making false statements about
Plaintiff to her employer.” The negligence cause of action alleged Dr. Reddy and the clinic were
negligent in “[writing such a letter.” Appellant asserts Gauntt’s letter did not constitute health care.
“‘Health care’ means any act or treatment performed or furnished, or that should have been
performed or furnished, by any health care provider for, to, or on behalf of a patient during the
patient’s medical care, treatment, or confinement.” Civ. PRAc. § 74.00 l(a)(l0). Appellant argues
that appellees’ conduct in sending the letter to appellant’s employer was outside the definition of
health care because “the conduct at issue has nothing to do with medical care, treatment, or the
release of confidential medical information.” A physician or health care provider’s note
recommending that a patient have time off from work or modified working conditions is “health
care” when the time off or modified working conditions are part of the patient’s medical care or
treatment. The note appellant received from the clinic was “health care” because the absence from
work was based on appellant’s treatment by Dr. Reddy. Gauntt’s letter correcting Dr. Reddy’s
unsigned note concerning appellant’s ability to return to work as a result of the medical care she
received at the clinic was part of the health care provided appellant because it was “an act performed
The only contractual obligation appellant alleged was confidentiality, which she alleged appellees breached. Appellant did not allege appellees had
a contractual obligation not to disparage her.
-6-
• • by [al health care provider •.. on behalf ofa patient during the patient’s medical care.” The flict
that the letter may have contained false information or impugned appellant’s character does not take
the letter out of the dcl anition of “health care.”
Appellant asserts that not every claim by a patient against a physician is a health care liability
claim. See Marks v. St. Luke’s Episcopal Jlosp., 319 S.W.3d 65, 664 (Tex, 2010) (Medina. J.,
joined by Hecht, J.). Although this may be true, it has no bearing on whether appellant’s claims in
this case are health care liability claims. See Nexus Recovery Ctr. i’. Mathis, 336 S.W.3d 360 (Tex.
App.—[)allas 2011, no pet.) (plaintiffs claims against alcohol and drug-abuse treatment center for
sexual exploitation by counselor after plaintiff left treatment center were not health care liability
claims).
Appellant argues that an expert report in this case would not involve analysis of health care
but only an analysis of the consequences of Gauntt’s letter describing appellant as a dishonest
person. Appellant alleged Gauntt’s letter “contained false statements about” appellant. Gauntt’s
letter included statements that appellant had no work restrictions after the medical care she received.
Expert medical testimony will be necessary to establish whether work restrictions were medically
appropriate. Moreover, the fact that expert testimony might not be necessary at trial does not mean
the claim is not a health care liability claim. See Sloan, 217 S.W.3d at 768.
Appellant also argues that her claims are separable from the underlying facts of her medical
treatment. However, the splicing of a health care liability claim into other causes of action is not
permitted. Diversicare, 185 S.W.3d at 854. When the essence of the suit is a health care liability
claim, a party cannot avoid the requirements of the statute by attempting to recast a health care
liability claim as a different cause of action through artful pleading. Sloan, 217 S.W.3d at 767; see
Lee, 235 S.W.3d at 451 (and cases cited therein).
—7—
We conclude the essence of appellant’s suit is a health care liability claim, Accordingly,
appellant’s causes of action meet the definition of “health care liability claim,” and the trial court did
not err by dismissing appellant’s claims for failing to file expert reports as required by section
74.351. We overrule appellant’s issue.
We aifirm the trial court’s judgment.
LANA MYERS
JUSTICE
1 20099 E.P05
nurt nf iia1i
iftIi Oitrirt nf cIrxwi it 3zt11i
JUDGMENT
CRYSTAL MON SON, Appellant Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 6
of Collin County, Texas. (Tr.Ct.No. 006-
No. 05—i 2—00099—C’V V. 02223-2011).
Opinion delivered by Justice Myers, Justices
ALLEN FAMILY FIRST CLiNIC, P.A., Moseley and Fillmore participating.
CHANDANA RLDDY AND CANDACE
(iAUNTT, Appellees
In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRNIEI). It is ORI)EREfl that appellees Allen Family First Clinic, P.A.. Chandana Reddy, and
Candace Gauntt recover their costs of this appeal from appellant Crystal Monson.
Judgment entered November 21, 2012.
LANA iv(YERS
JUSTICE