ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTS
Appellate Court
People v. Williams, 2012 IL App (2d) 110559
Appellate Court THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v.
Caption ANTHONY WILLIAMS, Defendant-Appellant.
District & No. Second District
Docket No. 2-11-0559
Filed November 20, 2012
Held Defendant was not entitled to withdraw his guilty plea to retail theft, even
(Note: This syllabus though the trial judge erroneously admonished him that he was eligible
constitutes no part of to elect “TASC” probation, since defendant was ineligible for TASC due
the opinion of the court to his two prior convictions for aggravated battery, but he did not allege
but has been prepared that he would not have pleaded guilty if he had been properly
by the Reporter of admonished, which negated his claim of prejudice.
Decisions for the
convenience of the
reader.)
Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of Du Page County, No. 10-CF-2887; the
Review Hon. Daniel P. Guerin, Judge, presiding.
Judgment Affirmed.
Counsel on Thomas A. Lilien and R. Christopher White, both of State Appellate
Appeal Defender’s Office, of Elgin, for appellant.
Robert B. Berlin, State’s Attorney, of Wheaton (Lisa A. Hoffman,
Assistant State’s Attorney, and Lawrence M. Bauer and Barry W. Jacobs,
both of State’s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor’s Office, of counsel), for
the People.
Panel JUSTICE SCHOSTOK delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices McLaren and Zenoff concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 Defendant, Anthony Williams, pleaded guilty to retail theft (720 ILCS 5/16A-3(a) (West
2010)). Following the denial of his motion to withdraw his plea, defendant timely appealed.
He argues that he should be allowed to withdraw his plea, because the trial court, when
admonishing defendant concerning the sentencing range, erroneously admonished him that
he was eligible to elect treatment under section 40-5 of the Alcoholism and Other Drug
Abuse and Dependency Act (the Act) (20 ILCS 301/40-5 (West 2010)), if given probation
(commonly referred to as Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime or “TASC” probation). For
the reasons that follow, we affirm.
¶2 I. BACKGROUND
¶3 Defendant was indicted on two counts of retail theft (720 ILCS 5/16A-3(a) (West 2010)).
The indictment alleged that defendant knowingly took possession of watches with a retail
value in excess of $150 from Macy’s with the intent to deprive Macy’s permanently of the
benefit of the watches without paying for the watches. Count I was charged as a Class 3
felony (720 ILCS 5/16A-10(3) (West 2010)), and count II was charged as a Class 4 felony
(720 ILCS 5/16A-10(2) (West 2010)).
¶4 On March 10, 2011, defendant petitioned for election of treatment under section 40-5 of
the Act (20 ILCS 301/40-5 (West 2010)). In response, the trial court ordered that defendant
be evaluated for a determination of whether he is an addict or alcoholic and the likelihood
of his being rehabilitated through treatment.
¶5 On April 20, 2011, defendant pleaded guilty to count I and the State nol-prossed count
II. The trial court admonished defendant as follows regarding sentencing:
“THE COURT: As charged, that’s a Class 3 felony. That means it carries with it a
possible penalty of a term of conditional discharge or probation for up to a period of 30
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months, at the minimum end of the sentence, or 18 months of periodic imprisonment or
between 2 to 5 years in the Illinois Department of Corrections and a $25,000 fine, at the
maximum end of the sentence.
That is the possible–that is the standard range of penalty for the offense; do you
understand?
THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor.
THE COURT: Because of your prior criminal history that was just recited, you are
eligible for an extended term sentence on this charge, which means you are eligible for
between two to ten years in the Illinois Department of Corrections; do you understand?
THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor.
THE COURT: Any Illinois Department of Corrections sentence, if one were to be
imposed, would carry with it a period of one year mandatory supervised release, that you
would have to serve after any penitentiary sentence was over; do you understand?
THE DEFENDANT: Yes.
THE COURT: You are also eligible, apparently, for TASC probation, which means
if you satisfactory [sic] all of the terms and conditions of the TASC probation, you are
eligible to be discharged from probation; do you understand?
THE DEFENDANT: Yes.”
¶6 The court provided additional admonishments and heard the factual basis of the plea.
According to the State, a Macy’s security officer would testify that he observed defendant,
along with a codefendant, enter Macy’s, walk to the jewelry counter, place several men’s
watches into a bag, and exit the store without paying. Defendant was taken into custody and
identified by the security officer. The court found that the factual basis was sufficient and
accepted defendant’s plea.
¶7 At sentencing, the State presented defendant’s criminal history that was contained in the
presentencing investigation (PSI) report, which included 10 prior felony convictions and a
prior unsuccessful attempt at TASC probation. In mitigation, defense counsel argued that all
of defendant’s prior offenses were due to drug addiction and that, at 50 years of age,
defendant was now serious about overcoming his addiction. Defense counsel further argued
that the TASC evaluators recommended residential treatment for defendant.
¶8 In sentencing defendant, the court noted that it weighed the evidence in aggravation and
mitigation as well as the reports submitted with the PSI. In aggravation, the court noted that
defendant had a history of aggravated battery, robbery, forgery, and felony theft. The court
noted that defendant had been given probation but had violated it by committing a new
offense. The court observed that defendant had received TASC probation in 2002, on two
different felony convictions. In mitigation, the court considered the reports detailing
defendant’s participation in Alcoholics Anonymous and addiction education while in jail, as
well as the TASC evaluation recommending residential drug treatment. The court observed
that defendant had several prior opportunities to avail himself of drug treatment but, instead,
continued to commit felony offenses. Concluding that TASC was no longer an appropriate
disposition for defendant, based on his past failure to comply with drug treatment, the court
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found that a sentence of imprisonment was necessary for the protection of the public. Based
on a history of felony offenses and violating probation, the court found that defendant was
in the extended-term sentencing range and imposed a sentence of six years and six months
in prison.
¶9 Defendant filed a motion to withdraw his guilty plea or, alternatively, to reconsider his
sentence, alleging that he did not fully understand the court’s admonishments or the “concept
of an Open Plea of Guilty” and that the sentence was excessive. Defendant presented no
additional argument at the hearing on his motion. After examining the transcript of the plea
proceeding, the court denied the motion. Defendant timely appealed.
¶ 10 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 11 Defendant argues that he should be allowed to withdraw his plea, based on the trial
court’s erroneous admonishment that defendant was eligible for TASC probation, when in
fact he was not.1 According to defendant, he was prejudiced by the incorrect admonishment,
because “[h]ad [he] known, at the time he entered the plea, that TASC was not a valid
sentencing option, he could have more accurately considered the sentencing paradigm and
determined his potential sentencing range was great enough that it would be more
advantageous to elect to stand trial.”
¶ 12 We begin by noting that defendant failed to raise this issue below. Generally, under
Illinois Supreme Court Rule 604(d) (eff. July 1, 2006), any issue not raised by a defendant
in his motion to withdraw his plea of guilty shall be deemed forfeited on appeal. However,
the alleged failure to provide proper admonishments under Illinois Supreme Court Rule
402(a) (eff. July 1, 1997) may be, and routinely is, reviewed for plain error. See People v.
Fuller, 205 Ill. 2d 308, 322-23 (2002); People v. Davis, 145 Ill. 2d 240, 250-51 (1991).
“Before invoking the plain error exception, however, we determine whether any reversible
error occurred.” Fuller, 205 Ill. 2d at 323.
¶ 13 “Before a trial court can accept a guilty plea, Rule 402(a) requires that the defendant be
admonished concerning the nature of the charge, the minimum and maximum sentences, the
right to plead guilty or not guilty, and the rights that are waived by pleading guilty.” People
v. Sharifpour, 402 Ill. App. 3d 100, 114 (2010) (citing Ill. S. Ct. R. 402(a) (eff. July 1,
1997)). “The purpose of Rule 402 admonishments is to ensure that a defendant understands
1
A defendant is statutorily precluded from electing TASC treatment if he has “a record of
2 or more convictions of a crime of violence.” 20 ILCS 301/40-5(3) (West 2010). A “ ‘[c]rime of
violence’ ” includes the offense of aggravated battery. 20 ILCS 301/1-10 (West 2010). In their briefs,
the parties agreed that defendant had been twice convicted of aggravated battery and thus was
ineligible for TASC. Subsequently, however, the State moved to clarify the record to establish that
defendant had been convicted only once of aggravated battery. In his response, defendant argued
that, even if the State’s assertion was correct, he was not necessarily eligible for TASC, since he had
also been convicted of robbery, another “ ‘[c]rime of violence.’ ” Id. Thus, although we grant the
State’s motion, we do not accept that defendant was eligible for TASC. We proceed on the
assumption that he was not.
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his plea, the rights he has waived by pleading guilty and the consequences of his action.”
People v. Dougherty, 394 Ill. App. 3d 134, 138 (2009). “The failure to properly admonish
a defendant, alone, does not automatically establish grounds for reversing the judgment or
vacating the plea.” Davis, 145 Ill. 2d at 250. “Whether reversal is required depends on
whether real justice has been denied or whether [the] defendant has been prejudiced by the
inadequate admonishment.” Id.; see also Fuller, 205 Ill. 2d at 323.
¶ 14 In support of his argument, defendant relies primarily on Davis and on our decision in
People v. Ellis, 375 Ill. App. 3d 1041 (2007). We address each in turn. In Davis, prior to the
defendant’s guilty plea, defense counsel informed the defendant that he was eligible for the
TASC program. Davis, 145 Ill. 2d at 245. When the defendant entered his plea, the trial court
admonished the defendant that his sentence could range from probation to an extended-term
sentence. Id. at 247. However, due to his criminal record, the defendant was not eligible for
either placement with TASC or probation. Id. at 248. After accepting the defendant’s plea,
the court ordered an evaluation of the defendant’s qualifications for TASC. Id. at 246. Prior
to sentencing, the defendant learned that he was ineligible for TASC. Id. at 245. The trial
court sentenced the defendant to 10 years in prison. Id. at 243. The defendant moved to
withdraw his plea, based on his misunderstanding concerning his eligibility for TASC,
arguing that the purpose of his plea was to obtain placement in TASC. The trial court denied
the motion, and the defendant appealed.
¶ 15 The Fourth District reversed. People v. Davis, 204 Ill. App. 3d 836, 840 (1990). The
court found that the defendant established that, when he pleaded guilty, he was under the
mistaken impression that he was eligible for TASC and that his impression was objectively
reasonable. Id. at 838-39. The court further found that the defendant was prejudiced by this
mistaken impression. Id. at 839. The State petitioned for leave to appeal.
¶ 16 On appeal to the supreme court, the State argued that the defendant’s mistaken
impression concerning TASC was unreasonable. Davis, 145 Ill. 2d at 246. The defendant
argued that his misapprehension concerning TASC was reasonable and that he was
prejudiced by this misapprehension, because at sentencing the only available option was
imprisonment. Id. at 245. He further argued that, had he known that he was ineligible for
TASC, he would not have pleaded guilty for an open sentence. Id. at 250. Both parties
acknowledged that the purpose of the plea agreement was to enable the defendant to seek
treatment with TASC while allowing the State to seek an extended-term sentence. Id. at 245.
The supreme court affirmed. In doing so, the court specifically noted that the incorrect
admonishment alone should not provide grounds for vacating the plea. Id. at 250. It
emphasized that “[w]hether reversal is required depends on whether real justice has been
denied or whether defendant has been prejudiced by the inadequate admonishment.” Id. The
court noted the absence of evidence showing that the defendant knew that he was ineligible
for TASC, probation, or conditional discharge. Id. The court went on to find the requisite
prejudice based on the defendant’s allegation that he would not have pleaded guilty had he
known that he was ineligible for TASC. Id. The court stated that, due to the defendant’s
misapprehension, “he did not attempt to negotiate a lesser term of incarceration, and forwent
the opportunity to go to trial, where he may have been acquitted.” Id.
¶ 17 In Ellis, the defendant pleaded guilty to possession of a stolen motor vehicle. Ellis, 375
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Ill. App. 3d at 1042. Prior to accepting the defendant’s plea, the court admonished the
defendant that he faced a sentencing range from a minimum of TASC probation to a
maximum of 30 years in prison. Id. at 1043. This admonishment was incorrect because the
defendant was not eligible for probation. Id. at 1046. The court sentenced the defendant to
a 30-month term of probation with TASC treatment as one of the conditions. Id. at 1043.
Subsequently, the State filed a petition to revoke probation. At that time, the court
admonished the defendant that, by admitting to the allegations in the petition to revoke
probation, he faced sentencing as a Class 2 felon, with a minimum sentence of probation and
a maximum sentence of 7 years in prison or 14 years if the defendant were eligible for an
extended-term sentence.2 Id. at 1044. When the defendant later appeared at a hearing to admit
to the allegations, the court admonished the defendant that the minimum sentence for a Class
2 felony was probation and that the maximum sentence was seven years. Id. The defendant
admitted to the allegations in the petition and was sentenced to nine years in prison. Id. It was
later determined that the defendant was required to be sentenced as a Class X offender. Id.
at 1046. The defendant appealed from the denial of his motion to reduce his sentence. Id. at
1044. On appeal, the defendant argued that he should be allowed to withdraw his admission
based on the court’s erroneous admonishments. Specifically, the defendant argued that the
court erred by advising him that he was subject to sentencing as a Class 2 felon when he was
actually required to be sentenced as a Class X offender and by advising him that probation
was available when, in fact, it was not. Id. at 1045. This court agreed with the defendant. We
rejected the State’s argument that the admonitions were in substantial compliance with Rule
402A. We found that, because the defendant was never correctly admonished concerning the
minimum sentence, either in the underlying criminal prosecution or in the probation
revocation proceedings, there was no correct admonishment from which to find substantial
compliance. Id. at 1048.
¶ 18 Neither case supports defendant’s claim for reversal. As expressly noted in Davis,
inadequate admonishments alone are insufficient grounds to vacate a plea; rather, a defendant
must also establish that real justice was denied or that he was prejudiced. Davis, 145 Ill. 2d
at 250. In Davis, the defendant expressly alleged that, had he known that he was ineligible
for TASC, he would not have pleaded guilty for an open sentence. Id. Such a showing is
necessary to establish prejudice in the context of a plea proceeding. See id. Here, defendant
does not allege that he would not have pleaded guilty. He states only that “[h]ad [he] known,
at the time he entered the plea, that TASC was not a valid sentencing option, he could have
more accurately considered the sentencing paradigm and determined his potential sentencing
range was great enough that it would be more advantageous to elect to stand trial.” This
defeats his claim of prejudice.
¶ 19 Ellis also does not support defendant’s position, because there this court was not called
on to consider whether real justice had been denied or whether the defendant had been
2
Ellis involved admonishments under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 402A (eff. Nov. 1, 2003),
which applies to a defendant when admitting to a petition to revoke probation. Nevertheless, we
noted in Ellis that Rule 402 jurisprudence applied when determining whether a court complied with
Rule 402A. Ellis, 375 Ill. App. 3d at 1046.
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prejudiced by the incorrect admonition. Although the State cited that principle in Ellis, it did
so in combination with the principle that a defendant in probation revocation proceedings is
entitled to fewer procedural rights than a defendant facing trial, and only to argue that the
trial court substantially complied with Rule 402A. Ellis, 375 Ill. App. 3d at 1047-48. Here
the State essentially concedes a violation, but argues that there was no prejudice. As noted
above, we agree.
¶ 20 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 21 The judgment of the circuit court of Du Page County is affirmed.
¶ 22 Affirmed.
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