IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA
No. COA15-331
Filed: 19 April 2016
Mecklenburg County, No. 09 CVD 11064
CRAIG STEVEN SMITH, Plaintiff,
v.
VERA CRANFORD SMITH, Defendant.
Appeal by plaintiff from orders entered 15 October 2014 by Judge Donnie
Hoover in Mecklenburg County District Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 22
September 2015.
James, McElroy & Diehl, P.A., by Preston O. Odom, III, G. Russell Kornegay,
III, and John Paul Tsahakis, for plaintiff-appellant.
William L. Sitton, Jr., Attorney at Law, by William L. Sitton, Jr.; and Brendle
Law Firm, PLLC, by Andrew S. Brendle, for defendant-appellee.
GEER, Judge.
This is the second appeal before this Court arising out of the parties’ claims for
equitable distribution, child custody, and child support. In the first action, both
parties appealed the permanent child custody and support order and the equitable
distribution order. In the instant case, plaintiff Craig Steven Smith appeals (1) the
order denying his motion to stay the execution and enforcement of the permanent
child support order and (2) the order holding him in contempt for failing to pay his
children’s private school tuition pursuant to the permanent child support order. He
primarily argues that statutory law requires the automatic stay of the permanent
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Opinion of the Court
child support order upon the parties’ appeals of that order and that, as a result, the
trial court did not have jurisdiction to hold him in contempt for violating the order.
He also asserts that defendant Vera Cranford Smith is precluded from enforcing the
child support order from which she had also appealed. We hold that N.C. Gen. Stat.
§ 50-13.4(f)(9) (2015) allowed the trial court to enforce the child support order that
was pending appeal.
Plaintiff also contends that because his income has declined since the entry of
the permanent child support order, he did not willfully violate the permanent child
support order and should not be held in contempt. We hold that the trial court’s
conclusion that plaintiff was willfully in contempt of the child support order was
supported by factual findings, which in turn were supported by competent evidence.
Accordingly, we affirm the orders of the trial court below.
Facts
In the first appeal before this Court, plaintiff challenged the rulings in the 9
July 2014 permanent child support and custody order that required him to pay his
children’s private school tuition at Providence Day School (“PDS”). Defendant cross-
appealed from the same child support order because it required her to reimburse
plaintiff for 25% of the tuition payments. On 19 August 2014, a few days after
defendant filed her notice of cross-appeal, she also filed and served on plaintiff a
motion for emergency relief and motion for contempt in the trial court below. The
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basis for those post-appeal motions was plaintiff’s refusal to pay the required tuition
with the result that their children were in danger of forfeiting their enrollment at
PDS as a result of the outstanding amount due to the school.
As allowed under the child support order, plaintiff chose to pay for the 2014-
2015 PDS tuition on a 10-month installment plan, which required payment of
$6,141.00 on the 20th day of each month beginning 20 July 2014. On 8 August 2014,
plaintiff’s counsel informed defendant’s counsel that he was unable to make the July
and August 2014 payments as a result of his increasing debt and decreased income.
On 11 August 2014, defendant’s counsel responded by requesting certain
documentation concerning plaintiff’s financial circumstances. The deadline for
securing continued enrollment of the minor children at PDS was, however, 18 August
2014, forcing defendant to file a motion seeking emergency relief.
On the same day that defendant filed her motions for emergency relief and
contempt, Judge Donnie Hoover entered an Order to Appear and Show Cause and
Notice of Hearing, requiring plaintiff to appear at a contempt hearing two days later
on 21 August 2014. On 20 August 2014, plaintiff filed and served a Motion to Stay
Execution and Enforcement of Judgment During Appeal to stay enforcement of the
PDS tuition payment directive while the first appeal before this Court was pending.
At the hearing on 21 August 2014, plaintiff introduced an updated financial affidavit
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Opinion of the Court
showing his average net monthly income had reduced to $16,533.01, and that he was
now running a monthly deficit of $1,266.72.
After hearing all motions on 21 August 2014, Judge Hoover first denied
plaintiff’s motion to stay and found that the trial court “has the authority to enforce
the Child Support Order . . . notwithstanding the appeal[.]” Judge Hoover also found
plaintiff in civil contempt, ordering him imprisoned in the Mecklenburg County jail
for 30 days or until he pays the tuition owed according to the support order. The trial
court subsequently issued a written order on 15 October 2014, specifically requiring
plaintiff to pay “the entire balance currently owed to PDS for the 2014-2015 school
year.” Plaintiff timely appealed to this Court.
I
In challenging the trial court’s denial of his motion to stay, plaintiff makes
several different arguments. First, he argues that his original appeal from the 9 July
2014 child support order automatically stayed enforcement of the directive to pay his
children’s private school tuition at PDS pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-294 (2015),
effectively taking defendant’s motion for contempt out of the jurisdiction of the trial
court. Second, relying solely on federal precedent, he attempts to persuade this Court
that defendant’s cross-appeal of the child support order also requires an automatic
stay of the tuition payment directive. Finally, plaintiff argues that the trial court
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Opinion of the Court
erred by failing to set a bond under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289 (2015) to stay enforcement
of the PDS tuition directive.
Normally, we review the denial of a motion to stay under an abuse of discretion
standard. Park E. Sales, LLC v. Clark-Langley, Inc., 186 N.C. App. 198, 202, 651
S.E.2d 235, 238 (2007). Here, however, our standard of review is de novo because
where a party “presents a question of ‘statutory interpretation, full review is
appropriate, and the conclusions of law are reviewable de novo.’ ” Romulus v.
Romulus, 216 N.C. App. 28, 32, 715 S.E.2d 889, 892 (2011) (quoting Mark IV
Beverage, Inc. v. Molson Breweries USA, Inc., 129 N.C. App. 476, 480, 500 S.E.2d 439,
442 (1998)). Also, where the trial court’s subject matter jurisdiction to hear an issue
is questioned, “ ‘[t]he standard of review . . . is de novo.’ ” Id. (quoting Keith v.
Wallerich, 201 N.C. App. 550, 554, 687 S.E.2d 299, 302 (2009)).
We first address plaintiff’s argument that the trial court was without
jurisdiction to hold him in contempt for violating the permanent support order
because it was automatically stayed pending appeal. As a general rule, under N.C.
Gen. Stat. § 1-294, “[w]hen an appeal is perfected . . . it stays all further proceedings
in the court below upon the judgment appealed from, or upon the matter embraced
therein . . . .” However, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-13.4(f)(9) establishes an express
exception to that rule when the trial court has ordered child support payments. N.C.
Gen. Stat. § 50-13.4(f)(9) provides in pertinent part: “Notwithstanding the provisions
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Opinion of the Court
of G.S. 1-294, an order for the payment of child support which has been appealed to
the appellate division is enforceable in the trial court by proceedings for civil contempt
during the pendency of the appeal.” (Emphasis added.) This exception was applied
in Guerrier v. Guerrier, 155 N.C. App. 154, 159, 574 S.E.2d 69, 72 (2002), which held
that “orders for the payment of child support are enforceable pending appeal . . . .”
Plaintiff attempts to deflect this exception by arguing that it is only applicable
to child support orders requiring “periodic payments” equating to “a specific,
unequivocal directive . . . to pay child support on a certain schedule and/or by certain
dates.” Brown v. Brown, 171 N.C. App. 358, 361, 362, 615 S.E.2d 39, 40-41 (2005).
Plaintiff claims that because the trial court’s order that he pay tuition allowed him
“to choose between the options available” at PDS, this is not a “specific, unequivocal
directive,” id., contemplated by the exception in N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-13.4(f)(9) and
Brown. However, Brown does not control here because it only applies in cases
“[w]here an order reducing child support arrears to a money judgment does not
include a provision for periodic payments or other deadline for payment[.]” 171 N.C.
App. at 362, 615 S.E.2d at 41 (emphasis added). Because neither party has moved to
reduce the tuition payment directive to a money judgment, plaintiff’s reliance on
Brown is misplaced. Furthermore, because we agree with the trial court that the
PDS tuition payment directive “is still a periodic payment, whether [plaintiff] chooses
to pay it once a year, once a semester or over ten months[,]” we find N.C. Gen. Stat.
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§ 50-13.4(f)(9) controlling in this matter. Accordingly, the child support order was
not automatically stayed and the trial court had proper jurisdiction to enforce it.
Plaintiff next argues that defendant’s cross-appeal of the child support order
should necessarily preclude her from enforcing the very rulings that she is
challenging. In support of this proposition, plaintiff cites a number of federal cases.
See generally Bronson v. La Crosse & Milwaukee R.R. Co., 68 U.S. 405, 410, 17 L. Ed.
616 (1863); Trustmark Ins. Co v. Gallucci, 193 F.3d 558, 559 (1st Cir. 1999); Enserch
Corp. v. Shand Morahan & Co., 918 F.2d 462, 464 (5th Cir. 1990); TN Valley Auth. v.
Atlas Mach. & Iron Works, Inc., 803 F.2d 794, 797 (4th Cir. 1986). We are, of course,
not bound by these decisions, but we also do not find them persuasive authority since
the cases do not address appeals from child support orders. Moreover, defendant
cross-appealed the final child support order only with respect to the requirement that
she reimburse plaintiff for 25% of the tuition after he paid it in full and on time to
PDS. We can conceive of no justification for precluding defendant from enforcing
plaintiff’s court-ordered obligation to pay the PDS tuition in full upon becoming due.
Plaintiff also argues that the trial court erred in failing to set a bond to stay
enforcement of the private school tuition directive pursuant to Rule 62(d) of the Rules
of Civil Procedure and N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289. Because N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289(a1)
states that “the court shall specify the amount of the undertaking required to stay
execution of the judgment pending appeal[,]” we review the trial court’s decision to
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Opinion of the Court
deny the setting of a bond for an abuse of discretion. See Markham v. Nationwide
Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 125 N.C. App. 443, 456, 481 S.E.2d 349, 358 (1997) (holding
decision to set surety amount “ ‘adjudged by the court’ ” reviewed for abuse of
discretion (quoting N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-285(a) (1995)). Here, we find that the trial
court, by acknowledging that “child support is excepted from this process” because
the children affected “have nothing to do with the disputes that have gone on between
these two parties[,]” appropriately exercised its discretion in refusing to set a bond
pending appeal of the order requiring plaintiff to pay child support. We, therefore,
affirm the trial court’s order denying plaintiff’s motion to stay execution and
enforcement of the child support order.
The dissent holds that the trial court erred in failing to set a bond pursuant to
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289. The dissent and plaintiff misread N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289
and Rule 62(d). Plaintiff filed a motion under the statute and rule “to stay
enforcement of the PDS tuition payment directive . . . .” Both the statute and rule,
however, address obtaining a stay of “execution” on a judgment and do not specifically
address the ability to hold a party in contempt during an appeal. That issue is
specifically addressed by N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-13.4(f)(9).
While the dissent cites Quick v. Quick, 305 N.C. 446, 462, 290 S.E.2d 653, 663
(1982), as holding that a child support order can be a money judgment for purposes
of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289, both the dissent and plaintiff have overlooked the fact that
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Opinion of the Court
our courts have restricted execution and, therefore, the applicability of N.C. Gen.
Stat. § 1-289 to past due installments. See Clark v. Bichsel, ___ N.C. App. ___, ___,
767 S.E.2d 145, 148 (2015) (“We have previously held that, as a general rule, once a
judgment fixes the amount due, execution, not contempt, is the appropriate
proceeding.”); Potts v. Tutterow, 114 N.C. App. 360, 364, 442 S.E.2d 90, 92 (1994),
(emphasizing that “this Court [has] held that execution is only available for past due
installments of alimony”), aff'd per curiam, 340 N.C. 97, 455 S.E.2d 156 (1995).
Moreover, Quick predates the 1983 amendment that enacted the provision in
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-13.4(f)(9) that allows a court to hold a party in contempt for
failure to pay child support pending appeal. See 3 Suzanne Reynolds, Lee’s North
Carolina Family Law § 13.127[a] (5th ed. 2002). The proper remedy for plaintiff was
to seek a stay from this Court. See N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-13.4(f)(9) (“Upon motion of
an aggrieved party, the court of the appellate division in which the appeal is pending
may stay any order for civil contempt entered for child support until the appeal is
decided, if justice requires.”).
II
Plaintiff also argues that the order holding him in civil contempt should be
reversed because (1) he did not have adequate notice of the contempt hearing, (2) the
trial court did not make adequate findings of a willful violation of the directive to pay
PDS tuition, and (3) the purge condition in the contempt order erroneously modified
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the underlying tuition payment directive. “ ‘When reviewing a trial court’s contempt
order, the appellate court is limited to determining whether there is competent
evidence to support the trial court’s findings and whether the findings support the
conclusions [of law].’ ” Wellons v. White, 229 N.C. App. 164, 173, 748 S.E.2d 709, 716
(2013) (quoting Shumaker v. Shumaker, 137 N.C. App. 72, 77, 527 S.E.2d 55, 58
(2000)). “ ‘The trial court’s conclusions of law drawn from the findings of fact [in civil
contempt proceedings] are reviewable de novo.’ ” Id., 748 S.E.2d at 716-17 (quoting
Tucker v. Tucker, 197 N.C. App. 592, 594, 679 S.E.2d 141, 143 (2009)).
As an initial matter, plaintiff argues that the trial court committed reversible
error by failing to provide him with the full five-day notice period required for a show
cause order entered pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 5A-23(a) (2015). The Order to
Appear and Show Cause and Notice of Hearing required plaintiff to appear before the
trial court only two days after its issuance on 19 August 2014. Upon objection, Judge
Hoover noted that he had issued the child support order the previous month, and that
because plaintiff had ample time to construct a defense to the enforcement of that
order, there was sufficient notice to plaintiff and good cause to hear the contempt
proceedings on short notice. Because “the purpose of notice is to enable the one
charged to prepare his defense,” M.G. Newell Co. v. Wyrick, 91 N.C. App. 98, 101, 370
S.E.2d 431, 434 (1988), we agree with the trial court, and find that it had good cause
to shorten the notice period.
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Opinion of the Court
With regard to the substance of the civil contempt order, the trial court
ultimately concluded that (1) plaintiff “has failed to comply with the [permanent
support order]” by refusing to pay his children’s private school tuition, (2) that
plaintiff “has the present ability to comply with the [permanent support order,]” and
(3) that his “noncompliance . . . was willful.” These conclusions are supported by
several findings of fact setting out plaintiff’s testimony at the contempt hearing
regarding his income and expenses. Preceding these findings is Finding of Fact No.
17, which reads: “The court finds that despite the Father’s contentions, ample
evidence was presented that Father is well able and capable of paying the permanent
child support obligations set forth in the July 9, 2014 Order . . . .” A sampling of this
“ample evidence” is as follows: plaintiff indicated a monthly income of $47,000.00 on
a July 2013 loan application for his purchase of a residence worth approximately
$840,000.00; he owns over $140,000.00 worth of stocks, bonds, and securities; he owns
five rental properties separately or jointly with his present wife and realizes
uncharacteristically low profits from them; his retirement accounts are worth in
excess of $900,000.00; the court found his monthly expenses as represented on his
financial affidavit were unreasonable; and plaintiff failed to account for the fact that
his stepchildren’s father covers some of their expenses. In conclusion, the trial court
found that as a result of plaintiff’s willful violation of the permanent support order,
he would be imprisoned for 30 days or until he “pay[ed] the remaining balance of any
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Opinion of the Court
tuition owed to Providence Day School on behalf of the Minor Children for the entire
2014-2015 school year[.]”
The relevant contempt statute holds in pertinent part that “[f]ailure to comply
with an order of a court is a continuing civil contempt as long as . . . [t]he
noncompliance by the person . . . is willful; and . . . [t]he person to whom the order is
directed is able to comply with the order or is able to take reasonable measures that
would enable the person to comply with the order.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 5A-21(a) (2015).
As with all proceedings in which the court sits without a jury, the trial court’s
ultimate findings “are conclusive on appeal if supported by competent evidence, even
though there may be evidence to support contrary findings.” Bridges v. Bridges, 85
N.C. App. 524, 526, 355 S.E.2d 230, 231 (1987). However, “findings are inadequate
[if] they are ‘mere recitations of the evidence and do not reflect the processes of logical
reasoning.’ ” Long v. Long, 160 N.C. App. 664, 668, 588 S.E.2d 1, 3 (2003) (quoting
Williamson v. Williamson, 140 N.C. App. 362, 364, 536 S.E.2d 337, 339 (2000)).
Plaintiff first challenges the findings that utilize his testimony by categorically
dismissing them as insufficient recitations of evidentiary fact. He argues that
because they “merely recapitulate [his] testimony,” they “do not meet the standard
set by [Rule 52(a)(1) of the Rules of Civil Procedure].” Id. We disagree. The detailed
findings and the corresponding conclusions noted above do more than merely recite
plaintiff’s testimony. They also “ ‘reflect the processes of logical reasoning.’ ” Id.
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Opinion of the Court
(quoting Williamson, 140 N.C. App. at 364, 536 S.E.2d at 339). This is most evident
in the preamble to Finding of Fact No. 17, which asserts that plaintiff’s contentions
that he is unable to pay his children’s private school tuition are sufficiently refuted
by the “ample evidence” to the contrary. We, therefore, hold that the trial court’s
findings of fact describing plaintiff’s own testimony were not in error.
Plaintiff also claims that these enumerated findings do not support a
conclusion that he is presently able to pay his children’s tuition and that his refusal
to do so is willful. In his appellate brief, plaintiff attempts to refute each finding with
contrary evidence or a different interpretation of each finding. Despite this effort, we
determine that the findings of fact, drawn in part from plaintiff’s own testimony or
admissions, are supported by evidence and sufficiently establish plaintiff’s
substantial monthly income, his accumulated wealth in the form of real property,
retirement, and stocks and bonds, and the unreasonable aspects of his most recent
affidavit in which he claims he is unable to afford the PDS tuition. These findings
support the conclusion that plaintiff has sufficient income and assets to comply with
the permanent child support order by paying the PDS tuition in monthly installments
as he elected to do or by “tak[ing] reasonable measures that would enable [him] to
comply with the order” as provided in N.C. Gen. Stat. § 5A-21(a)(3). Accordingly, we
affirm the trial court’s ruling that plaintiff was in willful violation of the permanent
support order.
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Opinion of the Court
Plaintiff’s final argument is that the purge condition requiring him to pay the
remaining balance of the PDS tuition owed for the 2014-2015 school year erroneously
modified the permanent support order in place, which allowed plaintiff to “choose
between the [payment] options available” at PDS. Plaintiff cites to Bogan v. Bogan,
134 N.C. App. 176, 179, 516 S.E.2d 641, 643 (1999), in support of this argument,
which holds that “a trial court is without authority to sua sponte modify an existing
support order.” However, we find that a simple reading of the contempt order shows
that “Plaintiff/Father must pay the remaining balance of any tuition owed to
Providence Day School . . . .” (Emphasis added.) Thus, as plaintiff “elected to pay
PDS tuition by monthly installments,” the trial court did not sua sponte modify the
permanent child support order because the contempt order did not require plaintiff
to pay the tuition for the school year in its entirety, but only the remaining balance
for the entire 2014-2015 school year given his monthly installment plan. Accordingly,
because we find the purge condition was not erroneous, and because the trial court’s
conclusions of law were adequately supported by competent findings of fact, which
were in turn supported by competent evidence, we affirm the trial court’s contempt
order.
AFFIRMED.
Judge BRYANT concurs.
Judge TYSON dissents in a separate opinion.
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No. COA15-331 – Smith v. Smith
TYSON, Judge, dissenting.
The majority’s opinion erroneously affirms the trial court’s civil contempt
order, which concluded plaintiff willfully failed to pay his children’s private school
tuition as required by the support order, while that order was pending before this
Court on cross-appeals from both parties. Presuming, without agreeing, defendant
possessed the right to seek enforcement through contempt, while also contesting the
same order on appeal, the trial court erred and prejudiced plaintiff by failing to rule
upon his motion to stay the execution and enforcement of the appealed order and to
set bond conditions pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289.
Plaintiff retained a statutory right to seek and secure the trial court’s
determination of a bond or security to stay execution of the child support order. The
trial court failed to make the statutorily required bond determination to allow
plaintiff to stay execution of the party’s jointly appealed order, which would have
allowed plaintiff to avoid being held in civil contempt. The trial court’s order should
be reversed. I respectfully dissent.
I. Standard of Review
This Court reviews whether a trial court has properly followed, interpreted, or
applied a statutory mandate de novo. McKinney v. McKinney, 228 N.C. App. 300, 301,
745 S.E.2d 356, 358 (2013) (citation omitted), disc. review denied and dismissed as
moot, 367 N.C. 288, 753 S.E.2d 679 (2014).
II. Analysis
SMITH V. SMITH
TYSON, J., dissent
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289, as applicable, provides:
(a) If the appeal is from a judgment directing the payment
of money, it does not stay the execution of the judgment
unless a written undertaking is executed on the part of the
appellant, by one or more sureties, to the effect that if the
judgment appealed from, or any part thereof, is affirmed,
or the appeal is dismissed, the appellant will pay the
amount directed to be paid by the judgment[.]
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289(a) (2009) (emphasis supplied).
Our Supreme Court held an order for the payment of child support is “a
judgment directing the payment of money” within the meaning of N.C. Gen. Stat. §
1-289. Quick v. Quick, 305 N.C. 446, 462, 290 S.E.2d 653, 663 (1982) (citations
omitted) (noting a child support order is a money judgment and an appeal does not
stay execution for the collection of judgment unless a stay or supersedeas is ordered).
Our Supreme Court’s holding in Quick remains controlling law. Nothing shows the
1983 amendment to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-13.4(f)(9) altered or limited Quick’s holding,
as posited in the majority’s opinion. See Romulus v. Romulus, 216 N.C. App. 28, 35,
715 S.E.2d 889, 893-94 (2011) (noting our Supreme Court has recognized judgments
directing the payment of alimony or child support are “judgments directing the
payment of money” under N. C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289).
Here, plaintiff timely filed a motion to stay execution and enforcement of
judgment during appeal on 20 August 2014, after an order to show cause was issued
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TYSON, J., dissent
by the trial court with only two (2) days prior notice to plaintiff, in violation of N.C.
Gen. Stat. § 5A-23(a1) (2015).
In support of his motion, plaintiff averred “North Carolina law permits
[plaintiff] to seek a stay of execution and enforcement of the child support provisions
of the Support/Custody Order pending disposition of the parties’ respective cross-
appeals[,]” citing N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289 (2009). Plaintiff correctly asserted “N.C.
[Gen. Stat.] § 1-289 authorizes such a stay where [plaintiff] executes a written
undertaking by one or more sureties in an appropriate amount and after
consideration of the relevant factors set forth in and contemplated by [N.C. Gen.
Stat.] § 1-289.”
The majority’s opinion purports to limit plaintiff’s options to obtain a stay of
execution on the judgment solely to filing a motion for supersedeas with this Court.
While N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-13.4(f)(9) authorizes this Court to “stay any order for civil
contempt entered for child support,” see N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-13.4(f)(9) (2015), this
option is not the only permissible avenue through which a party may obtain a stay of
“a judgment directing the payment of money.” Quick, 305 N.C. at 462, 290 S.E.2d at
663 (citations omitted).
Nothing in the plain language of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-13.4(f)(9) or the pertinent
case law restricts or diminishes plaintiff’s right to seek a stay of execution under N.C.
Gen. Stat. § 1-289. Plaintiff’s motion was filed in accordance with the explicit
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TYSON, J., dissent
statutory language of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289, and does not conflict with other
statutory alternatives.
The trial court failed to rule upon plaintiff’s motion for determination of a bond
as statutorily required and summarily denied plaintiff’s motion to stay execution and
enforcement of judgment on 15 October 2014. In the order denying plaintiff’s motion,
the trial court stated “N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-13.4(f)(9) and the ruling in Guerrier v.
Guerrier, 155 N.C. App. 154, 574 S.E.2d 69 (2002) are controlling.” The trial court
wholly ignored and did not rule upon plaintiff’s rights under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289
to set a bond and to allow him to post security to stay execution and enforcement of
the jointly appealed child support order. The trial court’s failure to do so permitted
defendant to “have her cake and eat it to,” by forcing plaintiff’s compliance, under
pain of contempt, with a contested matter on appeal, while allowing defendant to
continue challenging those portions of the same order on appeal which were
unfavorable to her.
The plain language of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289 authorized plaintiff to seek a
stay of execution and required the trial court to determine conditions and set a bond.
The trial court, as fact finder, and the forum where defendant’s contempt motion was
pending, was a proper forum to determine and set conditions of the bond to stay the
order. The trial court failed to consider and rule upon plaintiff’s motion in accordance
with the statutory mandate. The trial court’s order denying plaintiff’s motion to stay
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TYSON, J., dissent
execution and enforcement of judgment during appeal was erroneously entered based
upon a disregard or misapprehension of law. Blitz v. Agean, Inc., 197 N.C. App. 296,
312, 677 S.E.2d 1, 11 (2009) (“Where a ruling is based upon a misapprehension of the
applicable law, the cause will be remanded in order that the matter may be
considered in its true legal light.” (citations and quotation marks omitted)).
The trial court erroneously refused to consider plaintiff’s motion to determine
the bond or security and stay execution of the appealed judgment. As a result, the
trial court permitted defendant to proceed on her motion for contempt and show cause
order against plaintiff upon only two (2) days prior notice. Had the trial court
properly considered plaintiff’s motion to stay execution of the judgment and set a
bond as set forth in N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289, defendant’s motion to hold plaintiff in
civil contempt would have inevitably failed. See Smith v. Miller, 155 N.C. 242, 71 S.E.
355 (1911) (holding there will be a stay of execution as to the parties appealing, upon
compliance with this section); Bryan v. Hubbs, 69 N.C. 423 (1873) (holding posting of
security operates as stay of execution of judgment).
If the trial court had properly ruled upon plaintiff’s motion to set a bond and
stay execution of the judgment, defendant’s motion to hold plaintiff in civil contempt
would have failed. Defendant could not demonstrate plaintiff’s “willful
noncompliance” or “stubborn resistance” if a bond had been determined, posted, and
the money judgment stayed. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 5A-21(a) (2015).
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TYSON, J., dissent
The trial court entirely ignored an apt and permissible basis to allow plaintiff
to stay execution of the judgment under § 1-289. Plaintiff was prejudiced by
subsequently being found in civil contempt for his willful noncompliance with the
very order he sought to have stayed and pending on cross-appeals by both parties.
See Meehan v. Lawrence, 166 N.C. App. 369, 378, 602 S.E.2d 21, 27 (2004) (“In
explaining the ‘willfulness’ requirement necessary to find a party in civil contempt,
our Supreme Court has noted this term imports knowledge and a stubborn
resistance.” (citations and internal quotation marks omitted)).
The trial court erred by holding plaintiff in willful civil contempt for the non-
payment of the private school tuition expenses set out in the appealed child support
order. I vote to reverse the contempt order appealed from, and remand to the trial
court for ruling and entry of an order consistent with the statutory mandate set forth
in N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289.
III. Conclusion
Plaintiff was statutorily allowed to seek a stay of execution of the judgment
and for the trial court to determine and set bond conditions, pursuant to N.C. Gen.
Stat. § 1-289. The trial court’s order failed to rule upon plaintiff’s motion, and set a
bond and security conditions to stay execution of the judgment. The trial court’s
contempt order was entered based upon a disregard for and misapprehension of the
law.
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SMITH V. SMITH
TYSON, J., dissent
Plaintiff was entitled to a ruling on his motion under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-289
and for the trial court to determine bond conditions to stay execution of the judgment,
from which defendant had also appealed. Doing so would have precluded the trial
court from having to rule on defendant’s two-day noticed motion for contempt, in
violation of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 5A-23(a1). I respectfully dissent.
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