People v. Avila CA4/1

Filed 8/12/16 P. v. Avila CA4/1
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION ONE

STATE OF CALIFORNIA

THE PEOPLE, D068910

Plaintiff and Respondent,

v. (Super. Ct. No. SCN338285-2)

SUSAN AVILA,

Defendant and Appellant.

APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County,

Michael J. Popkins, Judge. Affirmed.

Lindsey M. Ball, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and

Appellant.

Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Gerald A. Engler, Chief Assistant Attorney

General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, Arlene A. Sevidal and Britton B.

Lacy, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
 I.

INTRODUCTION

Defendant Susan Avila appeals from a judgment of conviction entered after she

pled guilty to three offenses and admitted having suffered one prison prior. Avila

contends that the trial court erred in imposing a term of four years in local custody, when

her plea agreement with the prosecutor was for a four year split sentence, with three years

to be spent in local custody and one year on mandatory supervision. In making this

argument, Avila fails to acknowledge that the court imposed this sentence only after

Avila requested it, and the prosecutor agreed to it. Avila's request and the prosecutor's

agreement to this new term resulted in a modification of the plea agreement, and the trial

court's sentence merely effectuated the modified agreement. We therefore affirm the

judgment of the trial court.

II.

RELEVANT BACKGROUND1

In October 2014, Avila was charged with five counts of unlawfully obtaining and

using personal identifying information of another person (Pen. Code,2 § 530.5, subd. (a);

counts 1-5); four counts of burglary (§ 459; counts 6, 8, 10, 12); four counts of grand

theft (§ 484; counts 7, 9, 11, 13); and one count of obtaining personal identifying

information with the intent to defraud (§ 530.5, subd. (c)(1); count 14). The felony

1 Because the issues raised by Avila in her appeal are unrelated to the facts
underlying her convictions, we do not present facts related to her offenses.
2 Further statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise indicated.
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complaint also alleged that Avila had been previously convicted of a felony two or more

times in California (§ 1203, subd. (e)(4)); that she had suffered four prison priors

(§§ 667.5, subd. (b), 668); and, with respect to count 14, that she had previously been

convicted of a violation of section 530.5, subdivision (a), within the meaning of section

530.5, subdivision (c)(2).

Avila entered into a plea agreement with the prosecution, and in June 2015, she

pled guilty to counts 1, 3, and 8. Avila also admitted having incurred one prison prior. In

exchange for her guilty plea, the People agreed to a stipulated sentence of four years in

local custody, with a three-to-one-year split term—i.e., Avila would serve three years in

local custody and serve the remaining one year of her term on mandatory supervision.

At the change of plea hearing, the trial court informed Avila that the maximum

penalty she was facing in pleading guilty to the three counts and admitting the prison

prior was a sentence of five years four months in prison, a $10,000 fine, and four years on

postrelease supervision. The court accepted Avila's guilty plea, and dismissed the

balance of the charges against her.

At the sentencing hearing on July 24, 2015, the trial court ordered that Avila be

committed to the custody of the sheriff, pursuant to section 1170, subdivision (h)(5)(B),

for a term of four years. The court further ordered that Avila "may be released after

serving the three years of that sentence," and that "[t]he concluding portion is to be

suspended and served in the community under the supervision of the probation

[department] for a period of one year." After Avila acknowledged that she had "go[ne]

over the conditions of mandatory supervision" with her attorney, and the court indicated

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the conditions of supervision that were being imposed, Avila's attorney asked: "Your

Honor? [¶] . . . [¶] . . . When would it be appropriate for her to request a transfer to L.A.

County?" The following discussion then occurred:

"The Defendant: I don't live here. I live in Whittier. Both me and
Joseph [Avila's son, who was arrested with her].

"The Court: Well —

"Probation Officer: Your Honor, I can tell the court when she does
appear for her prerelease hearing, she should tell that court that she
is going to be residing in Riverside; however, if part of her case plan
is to attend a residential treatment program, which a lot of times it is
the case, they will have her do that program before she's allowed to
go to Los Angeles.

"The Court: Mr. Reichert [(defense counsel)], did you hear that?

"Mr. Reichert: I did. I did. And is the — [is] the Department of
Probation saying she would serve her three years with all good time
credits and then they refer her to —

"The Court: Mandatory supervision court. There's a prerelease
hearing for that.

"Mr. Reichert: Yes, but residential rehab?

"The Court: That could be a condition of mandatory supervision.
That's up to the evaluation once she's about to be released.

"Mr. Reichert: I'm sorry, Your Honor. I missed that in the terms
and conditions granting mandatory supervision. I apologize. What
number was that if she goes to residential —

"Probation Officer: Your Honor, if I may. What happens is once
she goes back to custody, they will do a case plan on her that is
taking into consideration with the probation officers as well as a
treatment provider in the facility. They do determine whether or not
she is in need of residential treatment. If she is in need, then at the
prerelease hearing, the court will order that. And once she's done

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with custody, they will transport her to the residential treatment
program.

"The Court: I thought Mr. Reichert wants to know what condition it
is on the mandatory supervision. I think my clerk knows.

"[¶] . . . [¶]

"The Clerk: Oh, I'm sorry. (A).

"The Court: (A).

"Mr. Reichart: All right. Your Honor, apparently there's a little
paper mishap showing that in terms of that being in our report. I
apologize for that. [¶] May I have one moment, Your Honor? I
believe Ms. — if there's going to be that further restriction on her
freedom that wasn't bargained for, she just would ask the court she
be allowed to do the four years.

"The Court: She wants to do the four years sentence with no split?
Is that correct; Mr. Reichert?

"(Off-the-record discussion between counsel and client.)

"Mr. Reichert: That's her request.

"The Court: May I have the files back? [¶] Mr. Watanabe [(the
prosecutor)], do you have any objection to that?

"Mr. Watanabe: No, Your Honor.

"The Court: All right. We will resentence Ms. Avila. The
previously issued sentence that I gave is recalled and vacated. [¶]
It's ordered that Ms. Avila is committed to the custody of the sheriff
pursuant to Penal Code section 1170 (h)(5)(A). And the reasons I'm
selecting the no-split term is that the defendant does not want a split
term. And as a result of that, I don't believe she'd be a suitable
candidate for supervision. [¶] That term is the same as I indicated
earlier, which would be four years, which is the upper term on
count 1, one year for the prison prior and concurrent time of midterm
of two years each on counts 3 and 8."

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 Just over a month later, on August 26, 2015, Avila, through her counsel, sought to

reverse course, and asked the court to modify her sentence to reimpose the original split

sentence. At a hearing on the matter, Avila's counsel stated, "When we were last here the

recommendation and negotiation was for a 3-1 split. Ms. Avila wanted the court not to

do [a] 3-1 split and just impose four years. [¶] Since that time, Your Honor, she's

realized, one, she wasn't doing well on her medication regimen at the time and that she

took advice from people she shouldn't have. Feels like she made a very unenlightened

decision and would like to ask the court to reconsider knowing that it's certainly not a

matter of right, but if the court's grace like [sic] to have the original deal back

understanding she's not entitled to it." The court inquired as to the People's position. The

prosecutor said, "Your Honor, the People believe that the sentence, as the court imposed,

which is what the defendant requested, should remain. And so we are opposed to

modifying the changing of her sentence. We think it should stay as she chose." The

probation officer who was present at the hearing stated that the probation department did

not have a recommendation and would defer to the court.

The court denied Avila's request to modify the sentence, stating:

"You know, Mr. Reichert, I think there has to be some sense of
finality to her sentence. And, you know, I took a very extensive
waiver from Ms. Avila with the plea agreement and — and I'm just
concerned that [if I] change it now, a month from now she'll want to
change it back the other way.

"I honestly think she's better off leaving it the way it is independent
of my personal decision because with her going to Los Angeles,
she's just better off without a tail.

"So I'm going to deny your request and leave the sentence as is."

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 Avila filed a timely notice of appeal.

III.

DISCUSSION

Avila contends that the trial court erred in modifying the agreed upon split term

sentence of four years and imposing a nonsplit sentence of four years. She contends that

the trial court should not have modified the sentence agreed to in the plea agreement,

despite her request that the court do so, and that this court should reverse the judgment

and modify her sentence to the originally agreed upon split sentence. We conclude that

Avila's request that the court impose a four-year term rather than a four-year split

sentence, and the prosecutor's acceptance of the proposed new term, constituted a

modification of the plea agreement, which the trial court accepted. Avila's contention

that the trial court somehow erred in imposing a sentence that she specifically requested,

after consulting with her counsel, is without merit.3

3 The People initially contend that Avila waived her arguments on appeal when she
entered her plea and waived her right to appeal, and that her failure to obtain a certificate
of probable cause bars review of her contention on appeal. Avila's contention is not, as
the People maintain, that the trial court abused its discretion in imposing a sentence
contemplated by the plea, a contention that would be waived on appeal and/or would
require a certificate of probable cause to challenge (see People v. Panizzon (1996) 13
Cal.4th 68, 84-87 [waiver of appellate rights include waiver of right to challenge a
sentence contemplated by the plea]; People v. Johnson (2009) 47 Cal.4th 668, 678
[certificate of probable cause required if defendant's challenge "goes to an aspect of the
sentence to which the defendant agreed as an integral part of a plea agreement"]). Rather,
Avila's contention is that the trial court exceeded its authority in unilaterally modifying
the stipulated sentence. Although we conclude that Avila is incorrect on the merits, since
the record demonstrates that the court did not unilaterally modify the stipulated sentence,
her argument challenges whether the court failed to give effect to the terms of her plea
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A. Legal standards related to plea agreements

A "negotiated plea agreement is a form of contract" and is interpreted according to

general contract principles. (People v. Shelton (2006) 37 Cal.4th 759, 767, citing Civ.

Code, § 1635 et seq.) Acceptance of the agreement binds the court and the parties to the

agreement. (See People v. Armendariz (1993) 16 Cal.App.4th 906, 910-911; People v.

Woodard (1982) 131 Cal.App.3d 107, 110.)

" ' "When a guilty [or nolo contendere] plea is entered in exchange for specified

benefits such as the dismissal of other counts or an agreed maximum punishment, both

parties, including the state, must abide by the terms of the agreement." ' " (People v.

Segura (2008) 44 Cal.4th 921, 930-931 (Segura).) "For its part, of course, the trial court

may decide not to approve the terms of a plea agreement negotiated by the parties." (Id.

at p. 931.) For example, if a court does not believe that "the agreed-upon disposition is

fair, the court 'need not approve a bargain reached between the prosecution and the

defendant, [but] it cannot change that bargain or agreement without the consent of both

parties.' " (Ibid.)

"Although a plea agreement does not divest the court of its inherent sentencing

discretion, 'a judge who has accepted a plea bargain is bound to impose a sentence within

the limits of that bargain. [Citation.] "A plea agreement is, in essence, a contract

between the defendant and the prosecutor to which the court consents to be bound."

agreement, and, as such, is cognizable on appeal. (See People v. Brown (2007) 147
Cal.App.4th 1213, 1220 [grounds for her appeal arising from the trial court's failure to
give effect to the terms of plea agreement do not require certificate of probable cause for
review].)
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[Citation.] Should the court consider the plea bargain to be unacceptable, its remedy is to

reject it, not to violate it, directly or indirectly. [Citation.] Once the court has accepted

the terms of the negotiated plea, "[it] lacks jurisdiction to alter the terms of a plea bargain

so that it becomes more favorable to a defendant unless, of course, the parties agree." ' "

(Segura, supra, 44 Cal.4th at p. 931.) In other words, when the trial court accepts a plea

agreement, the agreement is binding on the parties and the court, and the material terms

of the agreement cannot be modified without the parties' consent. (Id. at pp. 930-931,

935.)

B. Analysis

Avila asserts that the trial court "violated section 1192.5 because it was without

authority to impose a jail custody term longer than that agreed upon in appellant's plea

agreement."4 What Avila fails to acknowledge is that the parties altered the terms of the

plea agreement by their subsequent agreement to modify one of the terms. The trial court

simply sentenced Avila pursuant to the modified agreement.

As the record reveals, Avila requested that the court impose a four-year term to be

served entirely in local custody instead of a four-year term to be served as a split

sentence, with three years in local custody and one year of mandatory supervision. The

People agreed to this modification. Segura, supra, 44 Cal.4th at page 935, demonstrates

4 Section 1192.5 provides in relevant part: "Where the plea is accepted by the
prosecuting attorney in open court and is approved by the court, the defendant, except as
otherwise provided in this section, cannot be sentenced on the plea to a punishment more
severe than that specified in the plea and the court may not proceed as to the plea other
than as specified in the plea."
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that the court may not unilaterally—i.e., without the consent of the parties—alter a

material term of a plea agreement. The Segura court considered the court's authority to

modify a material term of a plea agreement after the plea had been accepted and after

sentence had been imposed pursuant to the plea agreement (id. at p. 927-928), and

thereby implicitly acknowledges that a court may impose a sentence different from the

terms set forth in the original plea agreement, even after the court has already accepted

the plea and sentenced the defendant, if the sentence reflects a term agreed to by both

parties. This record demonstrates that the parties modified the plea agreement by

agreeing to alter one of the terms of the agreement—i.e., the period of time in local

custody versus on mandatory supervision— and the court sentenced Avila consistent with

the parties' new agreement. (Id. at p. 935 [material term may not be subsequently

modified by court "without the consent of both parties" (first italics added, second italics

in original)].) We therefore reject Avila's contention that the trial court violated section

1192.5 in sentencing Avila to a four-year term in local custody.

Avila further contends that the trial court should not have permitted this

modification of the plea agreement, notwithstanding her request, because "the trial court's

acceptance of appellant's request for more jail time was contrary to public policy." Avila

contends that her request to serve more jail time than originally agreed to in the plea

agreement was made without consideration, and, because there is an express intent on the

part of the Legislature to reduce custodial populations, it was also contrary to public

policy. We reject both aspects of this argument.

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 First, as the discussion between Avila, her attorney, and the court demonstrates,

there was adequate consideration for the modification to the plea agreement. Avila

herself indicated that she did not want the court to impose a split sentence if it meant that

she might be placed in a residential treatment facility far from her home upon her release

from local custody and while on mandatory supervision. Avila therefore received some

benefit from this modification, and thus, there was adequate consideration to support the

modification to the plea agreement.

Further, the parties' modification of the original plea agreement that provided for a

stipulated split sentence to an agreement pursuant to which Avila would serve the four-

year term in local custody without any time on mandatory supervision does not, on its

face, violate public policy. First, Avila's contention that the trial court's acceptance of

Avila's requested modification to her sentence violates public policy is premised on her

assertion that Avila's request for "more time in jail" was made without consideration—a

premise we have rejected. Further, Avila could have negotiated with the People for a

stipulated four-year full local custody term in the first instance. Thus, even if the

Legislature has expressed an intent to reduce custodial population, this Legislative policy

does not prohibit the parties from agreeing to the same local custody term that a

defendant could have negotiated in the first instance, pursuant to an agreement to modify

the original stipulated sentence.

Finally, Avila also raises an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, asserting that

her counsel should have requested a continuance, rather than permit Avila to enter into a

modification of the stipulated sentence terms. Avila contends that it was "not in [her]

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interests to serve more time in jail," and, therefore, her attorney should have requested a

continuance to permit her more time to consider this decision.

"The standard for showing ineffective assistance of counsel is well settled. 'In

assessing claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel, we consider whether counsel's

representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing

professional norms and whether the defendant suffered prejudice to a reasonable

probability, that is, a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.

[Citations.] A reviewing court will indulge in a presumption that counsel's performance

fell within the wide range of professional competence and that counsel's actions and

inactions can be explained as a matter of sound trial strategy. Defendant thus bears the

burden of establishing constitutionally inadequate assistance of counsel. [Citations.] If

the record on appeal sheds no light on why counsel acted or failed to act in the manner

challenged, an appellate claim of ineffective assistance of counsel must be rejected unless

counsel was asked for an explanation and failed to provide one, or there simply could be

no satisfactory explanation.' " (People v. Gray (2005) 37 Cal.4th 168, 206-207.) A

strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable

professional assistance is warranted "because it is all too easy to conclude that a

particular act or omission of counsel was unreasonable in the harsh light of hindsight."

(Bell v. Cone (2002) 535 U.S. 685, 702.)

Whether to seek a continuance for a client who expresses a desire to serve the full

term in local custody rather than face the possibility of having to attend a residential

treatment program is a tactical decision. Avila's attorney consulted with her, and we can

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infer that Avila reiterated her desire not to serve a period of mandatory supervision in San

Diego County. It is possible that some individuals are aware that they may be at risk of

performing poorly on supervision, and that as a result, they risk ultimately serving more

custody time in the long run. Given Avila's criminal history and her expressed desire not

to be placed on mandatory supervision and face the potential of being placed in

residential treatment program, it would have been reasonable for her attorney to conclude

that not having to serve a portion of her sentence on mandatory supervision was in her

best interests. Avila cannot demonstrate on appeal that a reasonable attorney would not

have proceeded in this manner under such circumstances. We therefore conclude that

counsel's decision not to seek a continuance did not fall below "prevailing professional

norms," and we therefore reject Avila's claim of ineffective assistance of counsel.

In sum, at the time Avila requested the modification to the agreed upon sentence,

she wanted certain benefits that she could obtain only if she were sentenced to a period of

local custody sentence with no mandatory supervision to follow— i.e., she would not be

subjected to the possibility of being in a residential treatment facility in San Diego

County. The fact that Avila changed her mind as to the value of that benefit to her after

having renegotiated the sentence and the court having imposed the straight four-year

sentence does not mean that the modified agreement was entered into without

consideration or that it violated public policy, nor does it mean that Avila's attorney

provided ineffective counsel in not requesting a continuance at the time Avila sought to

modify the terms of the plea agreement.

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 IV.

DISPOSITION

The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

AARON, J.

WE CONCUR:

HUFFMAN, Acting P. J.

PRAGER, J.*

* Judge of the San Diego Superior Court, assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to
article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.
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