REVERSED AND REMANDED and Opinion Filed December 29, 2016
S In The
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-16-01150-CR
EX PARTE DUSTIN CALHOUN
On Appeal from the 292nd Judicial District Court
Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. WX16-90021-V
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Chief Justice Wright and Justices Myers and Brown
Opinion by Chief Justice Wright
Dustin Calhoun appeals the trial court’s order denying relief on his pretrial application
for writ of habeas corpus in which he asserted his right to either release on a personal
recognizance bond or else a bail reduction. In a single issue, appellant contends he is entitled to
release because no indictment was returned within ninety days of his arrest. The State concedes
appellant is entitled to relief. We conclude the trial court abused its discretion in denying relief
and thus reverse and remand this case. We DIRECT the Clerk of the Court to issue the mandate
immediately in order to expedite this decision. See TEX. R. APP. P. 2, 18.6; Ex parte Carson, 215
S.W.3d 921, 924 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2007, no pet.).
BACKGROUND
On June 21, 2016, appellant was arrested after he and a group of associates allegedly beat
and robbed the complainant in a parking lot. The trial court set his pretrial bail at $25,000.
Appellant was unable to post bond and remained confined. On September 9, 2016, the trial court
heard testimony and argument to reduce appellant’s bail to $15,000. The trial court denied relief.
On September 20, 2016, appellant filed a pretrial application for writ of habeas corpus
contending that his pretrial bail was excessive, he had been held for a period in excess of ninety
days, he had not been indicted, and the State was not ready for trial. Forty-seven minutes after
appellant filed his motion, the grand jury filed an indictment charging appellant with aggravated
assault with a deadly weapon.
On September 21, 2016, the trial court held a hearing on appellant’s writ application.
The trial court noted on the record, and the parties agreed, that the writ application and the
indictment had both been filed on the ninety-first day of appellant’s confinement. Nevertheless,
the trial court denied relief on the writ application.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
An applicant for habeas corpus relief must prove the applicant’s claims by a
preponderance of the evidence. Kniatt v. State, 206 S.W.3d 657, 664 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006).
In reviewing the trial court’s order, we view the facts in the light most favorable to the trial
court’s ruling, and we uphold the ruling absent an abuse of discretion. Id. This deferential
review applies even if the trial court’s findings are implied rather than explicit and based on
affidavits rather than live testimony. Ex parte Wheeler, 203 S.W.3d 317, 325–26 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2006). If the resolution of the ultimate question turns on an application of legal standards,
we review the determination de novo. Ex parte Peterson, 117 S.W.3d 804, 819 (Tex. Crim. App.
2003) (per curiam), overruled on other grounds by Ex parte Lewis, 219 S.W.3d 335 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2007).
ANALYSIS
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Subject to a few exceptions, article 17.151, § (1)(1) of the code of criminal procedure
provides:
A defendant who is detained in jail pending trial of an accusation against him
must be released either on personal bond or by reducing the amount of bail
required, if the state is not ready for trial of the criminal action for which he is
being detained within:
(1) 90 days from the commencement of his detention if he is accused of a felony.
TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 17.151, § 1(1) (West 2015). The terms of article 17.151 are
mandatory. Ex parte Kernahan, 657 S.W.2d 433, 434 (Tex. Crim. App. 1983). When article
17.151 is triggered, “the accused must be released either on personal bond or by reducing the
amount of bail required. If the court chooses to reduce the amount of bail required, it must
reduce bail required to an amount that the record reflects an accused can make in order to
effectuate release.” Rowe v. State, 853 S.W.2d 581, 582 n.1 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993) (emphasis
in original). The trial court may not deny relief based upon outside factors and deficiencies in
the record that are irrelevant to an article 17.151 evaluation such as the nature of the offense, the
accused’s criminal record, or an evaluation of whether the accused presents a continuing danger
to the community. See Ex parte Gill, 413 S.W.3d 425, 431 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013). Because an
indictment is an element of State preparedness, when the State fails to indict an accused within
the ninety-day window established by the statute, the State could not be ready for trial as a matter
of law. See Kernahan, 657 S.W.2d at 434; Ex parte Castellano, 321 S.W.3d 760, 762 (Tex.
App.—Fort Worth 2010, no pet.).
In this case, the State concedes it was not ready for trial and appellant has been held for
over ninety days. Thus, the application of article 17.151 is mandatory. Kernahan, 657 S.W.2d
at 434. Appellant should have been either released on a personal bond or else had his pretrial
bail reduced to an amount he could afford to pay. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 17.151,
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§ 1(1). The trial court did neither and thus abused its discretion. See Gill, 413 S.W.3d at 431;
Rowe, 853 S.W.2d at 582 n. 1; Kernahan, 657 S.W.2d at 434. We grant appellant’s sole issue on
appeal.
We reverse the trial court’s order denying relief on appellant’s application for writ of
habeas corpus. We remand this case to the trial court with instructions to either release appellant
on a personal bond or reduce the amount of bail required to an amount that the record reflects
appellant can make in order to effectuate his release from custody pending trial. As we have
ordered hereinabove, the mandate shall issue immediately.
/Carolyn Wright/
CAROLYN WRIGHT
CHIEF JUSTICE
Do Not Publish
TEX. R. APP. P. 47
161150F.U05
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S
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT
EX PARTE DUSTIN CALHOUN On Appeal from the 292nd Judicial District
Court, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-16-01150-CR Trial Court Cause No. WX16-90021-V.
Opinion delivered by Chief Justice Wright.
Justices Myers and Brown participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the order of the trial court denying relief on
appellant’s application for writ of habeas corpus is REVERSED and the cause REMANDED
for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Judgment entered December 29, 2016.
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