IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
STATE OF WASHINGTON,
No. 74449-6-1
Respondent,
DIVISION ONE
v.
NICHOLAS RYAN COOK, UNPUBLISHED OPINION
Appellant, FILED: January 17, 2017
HOLLY ANN BURKHART, and
each of them,
Defendant.
Becker, J. — Nicholas Cook appeals his conviction for one count of
residential burglary. He contends that he was denied effective assistance of
counsel when defense counsel failed to object to evidence that he was a suspect
in unrelated uncharged offenses. But the challenged comments were brief and
isolated and did not clearly identify Cook's relationship to any prior offenses.
Counsel's failure to object was therefore a reasonable trial strategy and did not
constitute deficient performance. We affirm.
FACTS
Kelly Szabo lives in the Richmond Beach area of Shoreline. At about
11:30 a.m. on March 18, 2015, Szabo dropped off lunch for her child at nearby
Syre Elementary School. Syre Elementary is located in a residential area near
No. 74449-6-1/2
12th Avenue NW and NW 196th Street. The school is on a dead-end street that
is accessible only through "side roads."1
As she left the school, Szabo noticed a white Buick with license number
ANK7245 parked near the school on 12th Avenue, just north of NW 196th Street.
One person was inside the car. Based on "prior information"2 about the Buick,
Szabo called 911.
Szabo had seen the same car on March 7 and followed it to a house in
nearby Woodway. When Szabo drove past the house again on March 17, she
noticed a red pickup truck with license number B06608S parked outside.
Grant Bordon and his fiancee Gail Erickson live on 12th Avenue NW, two
houses south of Syre Elementary. On March 18, 2015, both Bordon and
Erickson left their house for work by 8:30 a.m. Bordon believed that the couple
left the door from the rear deck to the kitchen unlocked.
When Bordon returned to the house around 1:30 p.m. and opened the
garage door, he was surprised to find some of the parties' possessions, including
suitcases filled with property, a television, and other "boxes of stuff,"3 piled up
near the garage door. After entering the house, Bordon found that the house had
been ransacked:
1 Report of Proceedings at 282.
2 Report of Proceedings at 283.
3 Report of Proceedings at 355.
No. 74449-6-1/3
the doors were open, the living room ... we have a big violin oboe,
whatever it is, but anyway, it was staged to go out the front door.
There was boxes. There was a big container with a lot of my
mom's stuff in it by the backdoor. Went upstairs, all the drawers
had been pulled open and, you know, things were on the bed, on
the floors. So each room had been gone through.[4]
Bordon called 911.
King County Sheriffs officers responded to Szabo's 911 call at about
11:45 a.m. After speaking briefly with the officers about the white Buick, Szabo
left to take lunch to one of her other children at a different school. The officers
were aware that Holly Burkhart, Burkhart's boyfriend Nicholas Cook, and Cook's
brother Randolph were "associated"5 with the white Buick.
When Detective Mark Souza arrived, Sergeant Richard Connelly was
speaking with Dane Sullivan, the driver of the Buick. The Buick was parked
facing south toward the Bordon/Erickson residence. Sullivan told Souza that he
had "dropped some friends off'6 in the area. Connolly was holding Sullivan's cell
phone, which was "blowing up, ringing constantly."7 The phone identified Holly
Burkhart as the caller.
After delivering another lunch, Szabo returned to Syre Elementary at
around 12:15 p.m. While speaking with Detective Eric Soderstrom, Szabo saw
4 Report of Proceedings at 339.
5 Report of Proceedings at 320.
6 Report of Proceedings at 313.
7 Report of Proceedings at 320.
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No. 74449-6-1/4
the red pickup truck with license number B06608S drive down the hill on NW
196th Street. The truck then turned north onto 12th Avenue NW and sped past
the officers. After Szabo directed his attention to the truck, Soderstrom directed
other deputies to stop the truck.
As officers began their pursuit, Anthony Birchman was working at a
nearby house. Birchman noticed a red truck drive by going "pretty fast for the
area."8 Birchman watched as the passenger door of the truck opened and a man
jumped out. The man, who lost his baseball cap as he jumped, crouched behind
a nearby parked carand bush. Ashort time later, a patrol car pulled up nearby.
When the officer stepped out ofthe patrol car, the man opened a gate and ran
into a backyard. Birchman showed the officer where the man had fled.
Detective Souza pursued the red truck as it turned off 12th Avenue NW
and drove uphill on NW 199th Street. Part way up the block, Souza stopped
behind Sergeant Connelly, who was standing outside his patrol car. Connelly
had his pistol drawn and was "yelling commands."9 Connelly directed Souza to
the backyard of a nearby house, where Souza found Cook lying on the ground.
Cook had fresh scratches on his arm and was "breathing really, really hard, kind
ofsweating profusely, and his heart was racing."10
8 Report of Proceedings at 301.
9 Report of Proceedings at 326.
10 Report of Proceedings at 328-29.
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No. 74449-6-1/5
Officers stopped the red truck near the corner of NW 199th and 11th
Avenue NW, a short distance from where Cook had jumped out. Randolph Cook
was driving; Holly Burkhart was in the rear compartment of the truck's cab.
After obtaining a search warrant, Deputy Coby Coblantz searched the
Buick and the truck. Coblantz found a black backpack on the front passenger
floorboard of the truck. The backpack contained some of Erickson's jewelry,
prescription medication with Erickson's name on it, and one of Erickson's
external hard drives. Coblantz found Cook's identification and wallet in the white
Buick.
The State charged Cook and codefendant Holly Burkhart with one count of
residential burglary. The State also charged Burkhart with one count oftheft in
the third degree. Burkhart pleaded guilty before trial. The jury found Cook guilty
as charged, and the court imposed a standard range sentence of 72 months.
FAILURE TO OBJECT
Cook contends that he was denied effective assistance when defense
counsel failed to object to inadmissible "propensity"11 evidence. He argues that
the evidence violated a pretrial order and effectively informed the jury that he was
a suspect in other uncharged burglaries in the neighborhood.
11 Brief of Appellant at 11.
No. 74449-6-1/6
Before trial, the defense moved to exclude evidence that Cook was a
suspect in earlier burglaries. Among other things, defense counsel objected to
any references to a police "bulletin."12 Edmonds police had prepared the bulletin
in February 2015, about a month before the charged offense, after a rash of
home burglaries. The bulletin eventually appeared on the local website for the
Richmond Beach neighborhood where the charged offense occurred. The
bulletin warned residents to watch out for a white Buick with license number
ANK7245. Police arrested Cook after Kelly Szabo saw the white Buick
mentioned in the bulletin and called 911.
Defense counsel argued thatthe prior police investigations into Cook and
others created a significant risk of unfair references to prior crimes. Counsel
asked the court to limit the testimony to Cook's actions on March 18.
After an extensive colloquy, the court agreed with defense counsel's
suggestion that Szabo could testify she called 911 based on "information ... [to]
be on the lookout for this . . . white Buick with a specific license plate,"13 without
any reference to a "bulletin."
The trial court also ruled that the testimony of the responding police
officers, who were familiar with the bulletin, should be restricted in a similar
12 Report of Proceedings at 44.
13 Report of Proceedings at 49.
No. 74449-6-1/7
manner. The deputy prosecutor acknowledged that testimony about the bulletin
could "open up a huge can of worms"14 and informed the court that the State did
not intend to elicit testimony about Cook's possible participation in prior
burglaries. Defense counsel also suggested that the deputy prosecutor should
use leading questions during examination of the officers.
During trial, Detective Souza testified, without objection, that police had
information about a white Buick with a specific license plate number, that Sullivan
told the police he had just dropped off some friends, and that Sullivan's cell
phone rang repeatedly, showing Burkhart's name as the caller. Souza then
continued:
Q. Okay. So we has [sic] stated earlier that you had
previously received information about this white Buick, ANK7245.
Now, you see this phone ringing. Did you take any action based on
that?
A. We had information that the white Buick that was there,
and Holly Burket (sic) along with her boyfriend, Mr. Cook, and his
brother, Randy, were associated with that vehicle.
Q. Okay. So what did you do then?
A. Based on the information that we had, previous
information, we had suspected that they were somewhere in the
neighborhood and a crime was being occurred [sic].
Q. Okay. Did you receive any instruction from the Sergeant
as to what to do then?
A. We all—the three of us there put our—kind of put our
minds together, and we decided to have the patrol units and the
unmarked units, which is us and another detective's—we call it
14 Report of Proceedings at 47.
No. 74449-6-1/8
roaming the area or roving the area to see if we can locate where
they are, where they're coming from, or where they're hiding, or
what they're doing.
Q. Okay. When you say roam or rove, maybe it's self-
explanatory, but what exactly do you do?
A. So not knowing where they are, we'll - we'll fan out in a
neighborhood with our patrol vehicles and our unmarked cars in
hopes of locating them.[15]
Detective Soderstrom testified that he responded to the 911 call at about
11:45 a.m. The deputy prosecutor then asked about the type of call:
A. Patrol guys were out with—or looking for a—a white
Buick that we had information was possibly associated with a
burglary.
Q. Okay. Did you respond?
A. I did. When I hear our guys go out on—or the patrol
officers go out on a call like that, if I'm not doing anything pressing
in the office, the detectives will generally go out and assist.1161
Cook maintains that the highlighted comments violated the pretrial
ruling and essentially informed the jury that Cook had committed prior
burglaries. He argues that defense counsel's failure to object to the
"prejudicial propensity evidence"17 constituted constitutionally deficient
performance.
To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the defendant
must show that counsel's performance fell below an objective standard of
15 Report of Proceedings at 320-21 (emphasis added).
16 Report of Proceedings at 378-79 (emphasis added).
17 Brief of Appellant at 11.
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No. 74449-6-1/9
reasonableness and that the deficient performance prejudiced the outcome of the
trial. Strickland v. Washington. 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d
674 (1984); State v. McFarland. 127 Wn.2d 322, 334-35, 899 P.2d 1251 (1995).
There is a strong presumption that counsel provided effective representation, and
we accord "exceptional deference" to counsel's strategic decisions. State v.
McNeal. 145 Wn.2d 352, 362, 37 P.3d 280 (2002). The defendant bears the
burden of demonstrating the absence of any legitimate tactical or strategic
decision. State v. Grier, 171 Wn.2d 17, 42, 246 P.3d 1260 (2011), cert, denied.
135 S. Ct. 153 (2014). We review claims of ineffective assistance de novo.
State v. Sutherbv. 165 Wn.2d 870, 883, 204 P.3d 916 (2009).
"The decision of when or whether to object is a classic example of trial
tactics." State v. Madison, 53 Wn. App. 754, 763, 770 P.2d 662, review denied.
113 Wn.2d 1002 (1989). When an ineffective assistance of counsel claim is
based on the failure to object, the defendant must show that (1) the failure to
object fell below an objective standard of reasonableness, (2) the trial court
would have sustained an objection, and (3) the result of the trial would have been
different. In re Pers. Restraint of Davis, 152 Wn.2d 647, 714, 101 P.3d 1 (2004).
Under certain circumstances, the failure to object may be a reasonable strategy
to avoid emphasizing improper or irrelevant testimony. Davis, 152 Wn.2d at 714;
No. 74449-6-1/10
see also State v. Donald. 68 Wn. App. 543, 551, 844 P.2d 447, review denied.
121 Wn.2d 1024 (1993).
Cook contends that the challenged testimony violated the trial court's
pretrial ruling and that the court would therefore have sustained defense
counsel's objection. But the fact that the trial court would have sustained an
objection does not by itself determine the reasonableness of counsel's failure to
object. See Davis, 152 Wn.2d at 714.
Defense counsel in this case vigorously and successfully argued against
the admission of evidence identifying Cook as a suspect in any prior offenses.
During the lengthy pretrial colloquy, defense counsel repeatedly expressed her
concern that the trial testimony could become "very messy"18 because of the
scope ofthe prior police investigation and the presence of multiple suspects.
Counsel explained that because ofthe significant risk of inadmissible evidence,
she was attempting to clarify the issues in orderto avoid objections during trial:
I wanted to alert the Court and Counsel to the issues that I see
because, when we get into trial, the actual testimony, it's going to
be very awkward.
. . . And I don't want the Court or Counsel to hear my
objection right there, so that we have to take time out of the
presence of the jury, back and forth, back and forth.
18 Report of Proceedings at 27.
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No. 74449-6-1/11
Counsel also hoped "to keep things tidy and clean . . . [and to] minimize sidebars,
excessive objections, confusion, et cetera."19
The unchallenged evidence before the jury established that the police had
prior information about the Buick and that the Buick was associated with multiple
persons, including Cook. Viewed in context, the challenged testimony refers only
vaguely to the existence of prior uncharged crimes. Nor did the officers provide
any specific details identifying Cook as a suspect in prior burglaries or any further
information about the events that led to the police bulletin. The challenged
comments were brief and isolated, and both officers immediately moved on to
unchallenged testimony about Cook's arrest. The State presented no further
testimony or argument that might have suggested Cook's involvement with prior
crimes.
Given the attenuated and isolated nature of the comments, defense
counsel could reasonably have decided not to object in order to avoid
emphasizing the testimony and to minimize any additional speculation about the
underlying circumstances. Because the decision not to object was a legitimate
trial strategy, defense counsel's performance was not deficient.
Report of Proceedings at 28-29.
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No. 74449-6-1/12
APPELLATE COSTS
Cook asks this court to exercise its discretion and not impose appellate
costs. See State v. Sinclair, 192 Wn. App. 380, 385-86, 367 P.3d 612, review
denied. 185 Wn.2d 1034 (2016). The State does not address Sinclair and
contends only that the record contains insufficient information to determine
Cook's future ability to pay. After considering the nonexclusive factors
addressed in Sinclair, including the length of Cook's sentence, the trial court's
waiver of all nondiscretionary legal financial obligations, and Cook's continuing
indigence, we exercise our discretion and do not assess appellate costs against
Cook.
Affirmed.
WE CONCUR:
OeHj
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