2017 IL App (1st) 162367
No. 1-16-2367
Opinion filed March 31, 2017
FIFTH DIVISION
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIRST DISTRICT
WAYDE TWYMAN, )
Appeal from the Circuit Court
)
of Cook County.
Plaintiff-Appellant, )
)
v. )
No. 16 L 50380
)
THE DEPARTMENT OF )
EMPLOYMENT SECURITY, THE )
The Honorable
DIRECTOR OF EMPLOYMENT )
Kay Marie Hanlon and
SECURITY, THE BOARD OF )
James M. McGing,
REVIEW OF THE DEPARTMENT OF )
Judges, presiding.
EMPLOYMENT SECURITY, and )
CHICAGO TRANSIT AUTHORITY )
CTA MERCHANDISE MART )
PLAZA c/o MSN, )
)
Defendants )
)
(The Department of Employment )
Security, the Director of Employment )
Security, and the Board of Review of the )
Department of Employment Security, )
Defendants-Appellees). )
PRESIDING JUSTICE GORDON delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices Hall and Reyes concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
No. 1-16-2367
¶1 Plaintiff Wayde Twyman appeals the trial court's grant of defendant's
motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. The trial court
dismissed plaintiff's complaint because plaintiff failed to file it within 35 days
after service of a decision by the Board of Review of the Department of
Employment Security (Board). In his complaint, plaintiff had sought review of
a final decision by the Board denying him unemployment benefits.
¶2 For the following reasons, we affirm the dismissal.
¶3 BACKGROUND
¶4 On June 9, 2016, plaintiff filed a pro se complaint in the trial court
seeking review of a decision issued by the Board on May 3, 2016. Plaintiff
filed this complaint pursuant to the Administrative Review Law (Law) (735
ILCS 5/3-101 et seq. (West 2014)). In the complaint, he alleged that he had
been employed with the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA), which had been a
party of record to the proceedings.
¶5 The Board's decision was attached as an exhibit to the complaint, and it
stated that it had been mailed to plaintiff on May 3, 2016. The decision stated
in relevant part:
"This is an appeal by the claimant from a Referee's decision dated
02/23/2016, which affirmed the claims adjudicator's determination and
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held that pursuant to 820 ILCS 405/602A, the claimant is not eligible for
benefits from 12/06/2015. ***
We have reviewed the record of the evidence in this matter, including
the transcript of the testimony submitted at the hearing conducted by
telephone on 02/22/2016, at which the claimant and employer appeared
and testified. ***
The record discloses that the claimant was employed by the employer
as a bus operator until December 10, 2015, when the claimant was
discharged by the employer due to the claimant's excessive absenteeism.
The claimant was last warned by the employer due to the claimant's
excessive absenteeism on November 26, 2015.
The claimant was scheduled to work on November 26, 2015.[1} The
claimant was a no call/no show on November 26, 2015 *** due to the
claimant assuming the claimant was not scheduled to work that day."
¶6 The Board found that plaintiff was afforded a full and fair hearing by the
referee and was discharged for misconduct connected with work. As a result,
the Board concluded that plaintiff was not eligible for unemployment benefits
and it affirmed the decision of the referee.
¶7 The Board's decision advised plaintiff of his appeal rights, stating:
1
Thursday, November 26, 2015, was Thanksgiving.
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"Notice of rights for further review by the courts:
If you are aggrieved by this decision and want to appeal, you must file
a complaint for administrative review and have summons issue in [the]
circuit court within 35 days from the mailing date, 5/03/2016."
Thus, the Board's decision advised plaintiff that, in order to appeal, he "must"
both (1) "file a complaint for administrative review" and (2) "have summons
issue in [the] circuit court." The decision also told him that he "must" take these
actions "within 35 days from the mailing date, 5/03/16." There is no dispute on
this appeal that 35 days from May 3, 2016, was Tuesday, June 7, 2016.
¶8 However, plaintiff filed his pro se complaint on Thursday, June 9, 2016,
in the trial court. On June 22, 2016, defendant CTA filed an appearance with
the trial court; and on July 6, 2016, defendants Illinois Department of
Employment Security, Director of Illinois Department of Employment Security,
and the Board (collectively referred to as the state defendants) also filed an
appearance.
¶9 On July 6, 2016, the state defendants filed a motion to dismiss pursuant
to section 2-619(a)(5) of the Code of Civil Procedure claiming a lack of subject
matter jurisdiction. 735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(5) (West 2014) (providing for
dismissal when "the action was not commenced within the time limited by
law"). The state defendants moved to dismiss on the ground that "[t]he last day
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on which plaintiff might have filed a complaint for administrative review of
said decision was Tuesday, June 7, 2016," and plaintiff did not file until
"Thursday, June 9, 2016," which was "2 days after the statutory period within
which to file the complaint expired." See 735 ILCS 5/3-102 (West 2014)
("Unless review is sought of an administrative decision within the time and in
the manner herein provided, the parties to the proceeding before the
administrative agency shall be barred from obtaining judicial review."); 735
ILCS 5/3-103 (West 2014) ("Every action to review a final administrative
decision shall be commenced by the filing of a complaint and the issuance of
summons within 35 days from the date that a copy of the decision sought to be
reviewed was served upon the party ***.").
¶ 10 On July 20, 2016, the trial court issued an order, which is the subject of
this appeal, so we repeat it here in full:
"This matter comes before This Court for a hearing on the state
defendants' motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction,
plaintiff appearing pro se. The state defendants and employer defendant
appearing through respective counsel. The Court being fully advised in
the premises,
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED:
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1) The state defendants' motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter
jurisdiction is granted.
2) Plaintiff's complaint is hereby dismissed with prejudice."
¶ 11 On July 20, 2016, plaintiff moved to vacate the trial court's order; and the
trial court set plaintiff's motion for a hearing on August 24, 2016. On August
24, the trial court issued an order which states in its entirety: "Plaintiff's motion
to vacate is denied."
¶ 12 On August 24, 2016, plaintiff filed a notice of appeal, which stated:
"I want [to] make a new law. The 35 days should be stayed. I have
proof that I did respond to denial in phone hearing as I did in prior phone
hearings and the Instructions should be Bold."
¶ 13 In his appellate brief, plaintiff states the grounds for his appeal in one
short page, which we provide here in full:
"This is a respectful request to have a day in court to present evidence
of an unjustified vacate order of [plaintiff's] job at the [CTA].
After receiving a denial via phone on January 8, 2016, [plaintiff]
appealed it and was issued another on February 22, 2016. Upon receiving
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No. 1-16-2367
a second denial via phone at the second hearing on 2/22/2016, [plaintiff]
(immediately) appealed the vacate order.[2]
A determination letter was received on May 3, 2016, yet [plaintiff]
was unaware of the 35 day requirement to request a court appearance,
after sending a request to appeal the decision on May 4, 2016 via a
handwritten letter (Exhibit A), [and] a typed letter (Exhibit B) with proof
via a fax confirmation (Exhibit C).
[Plaintiff] requests a day in court to present the facts of these unjust
actions at the CTA in their failed attempt to execute an unjustifiable
vacate order of his job, after over 15 years of faithful service with the
City of Chicago."
Plaintiff included in his appellate brief copies of the documents which he
described above. However, these documents are not a part of the appellate
record.
¶ 14 ANALYSIS
¶ 15 As noted, plaintiff appeals the trial court's dismissal of his complaint for
lack of subject matter jurisdiction, when his complaint was not filed within a
statutorily required 35-day time period.
2
In this quote, the bracketed information has been added. However, the
parentheses are in the original.
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No. 1-16-2367
¶ 16 On this appeal, plaintiff does not dispute that he received a determination
letter which stated the 35-day filing requirement. In his brief, plaintiff stated:
"A determination letter was received on May 3, 2016, yet [plaintiff] was
unaware of the 35 day requirement to request a court appearance[.]"
¶ 17 Plaintiff sets forth two grounds on this appeal: (1) that he was "unaware
of the 35 day requirement" although he received the letter; and (2) that he sent
"a request to appeal the decision on May 4, 2016 via a handwritten letter
(Exhibit A), [and] a typed letter (Exhibit B) with proof via a fax confirmation
(Exhibit C)."
¶ 18 I. Section 2-619 Dismissal
¶ 19 The trial court dismissed the complaint pursuant to section 2-619(a)(5) of
the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) which provides for dismissal because "the
action was not commenced within the time limited by law." 735 ILCS 5/2
619(a)(5) (West 2014).
¶ 20 "A motion to dismiss pursuant to section 2-619 of the Code admits the
legal sufficiency of the plaintiff's complaint, but asserts an affirmative defense
or other matter that avoids or defeats the plaintiff's claim." (Internal quotation
marks omitted.) Trzop v. Hudson, 2015 IL App (1st) 150419, ¶ 63. "For a
section 2-619 dismissal, our standard of review is de novo." Trzop, 2015 IL
App (1st) 150419, ¶ 63. "De novo review means that we will perform the same
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No. 1-16-2367
analysis a trial court would perform." Trzop, 2015 IL App (1st) 150419, ¶ 63.
"Under the de novo standard of review, this court owes no deference to the trial
court." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Trzop, 2015 IL App (1st) 150419,
¶ 63. "In ruling on a section 2-619 motion to dismiss, the court must interpret
the pleadings and supporting materials in the light most favorable to the
nonmoving party." Trzop, 2015 IL App (1st) 150419, ¶ 63.
¶ 21 For a motion to be properly brought under section 2-619, the motion (1)
must concern one of nine listed grounds; and (2) must be filed within the time
for pleading. Wilson v. Molda, 396 Ill. App. 3d 100, 105 (2009); River Plaza
Homeowner's Ass'n v. Healey, 389 Ill. App. 3d 268, 275 (2009).
¶ 22 The Code provides that a section 2-619 may be brought on one of only
nine listed grounds. 735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(5) (West 2014). One of these
grounds is that "the action was not commenced within the time limited by law."
735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(5) (West 2014). Thus, the state defendants have satisfied
the first requirement for a section 2-619 motion.
¶ 23 However, for a section 2-619 motion to be properly brought, it must not
only concern a listed ground, but it must also be filed "within the time for
pleading." 735 ILCS 5/2-619(a) (West 2014); Trzop, 2015 IL App (1st)
150419, ¶ 67. The purpose of a section 2-619 motion is to dispose of issues of
law and easily proved issues of fact at the onset of the litigation. Trzop, 2015
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IL App (1st) 150419, ¶ 67. Generally, defendants are required to file an answer
or otherwise appear within 30 days after service. Ill. S. Ct. R. 101(d) (eff. Jan.
1, 2016). In the case at bar, the state defendants filed their motion to dismiss on
July 6, 2016, which was less than 30 days after plaintiff filed his complaint.
¶ 24 In addition, since the record does not disclose that plaintiff claimed either
at the trial level or on this appeal that the state defendants failed to file their
section 2-619 motion within the time for pleading, any issue regarding the
timeliness of the state defendants' filing has been waived for our consideration.
Wilson, 396 Ill. App. 3d 100 (where plaintiff fails to raise any timeliness issue
with respect to a section 2-619 motion, that issue is waived for consideration on
appeal).
¶ 25 Thus, the state defendants have satisfied the two requirements for filing a
section 2-619 motion.
¶ 26 II. Plaintiff's Complaint
¶ 27 Plaintiff asks this court to reverse the trial court, first, because he was
unaware of the 35-day filing requirement and, second, because he satisfied it by
allegedly faxing a letter to the Board.
¶ 28 Our supreme court "has held that administrative review actions, whether
taken to the circuit court or directly to the appellate court, involve the exercise
of 'special statutory jurisdiction.' " ESG Watts, Inc. v. Pollution Control Board,
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191 Ill. 2d 26, 30 (2000) (quoting McGaughy v. Illinois Human Rights Comm'n,
165 Ill. 2d 1, 6-7 (1995) (appellate court); Fredman Brothers Furniture Co. v.
Department of Revenue, 109 Ill. 2d 202, 210-11 (1985) (circuit court)). "When
a court is exercising special statutory jurisdiction, the language of the act
conferring jurisdiction delimits the court's power to hear the case." ESG Watts,
191 Ill. 2d at 30. "A party seeking to invoke special statutory jurisdiction,"
such as plaintiff in the case at bar, " 'must strictly adhere to the proscribed
procedures' in the statute." ESG Watts, 191 Ill. 2d at 30 (quoting McGaughy,
165 Ill. 2d at 12).
¶ 29 Section 3-102 of the Law makes the same point: "Unless review is
sought of an administrative decision within the time and in the manner herein
provided, the parties to the proceeding before the administrative agency shall be
barred from obtaining judicial review." (Emphases added.) 735 ILCS 5/3-102
(West 2014).
¶ 30 Section 3-103 of the Law specifies the time and manner of review, as
follows: "Every action to review a final administrative decision shall be
commenced by the filing of a complaint and the issuance of summons within 35
days from the date that a copy of the decision sought to be reviewed was served
upon the party ***." 735 ILCS 5/3-103 (West 2014).
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No. 1-16-2367
¶ 31 The decision mailed to plaintiff recited the same manner and timing that
is specified in section 3-103. As noted above, the Board's decision advised
plaintiff that, in order to appeal he "must" both (1) "file a complaint for
administrative review" and (2) "have summons issue in [the] circuit court." The
decision also told him that he "must" take these actions "within 35 days from
the mailing date, 5/03/16," which was Tuesday, June 7, 2016.
¶ 32 Section 3-102 provides for a limited exception: "If under the terms of the
Act governing the procedure before an administrative agency an administrative
decision has become final because of the failure to file any *** application for
administrative review within the time allowed by such Act, such decision shall
not be subject to judicial review hereunder excepting only for the purpose of
questioning the jurisdiction of the administrative agency over the person or the
subject matter." (Emphasis added.) 735 ILCS 5/3-102 (West 2014). In this
appeal, plaintiff does not question "the jurisdiction of the administrative agency
over the person or the subject matter." 735 ILCS 5/3-102 (West 2014). Thus,
this exception does not aid plaintiff.
¶ 33 Plaintiff does not provide any case law to support his argument that we
may excuse his untimely filing due to his alleged ignorance of the 35-day
requirement or his alleged faxing of a letter to the board within 35 days. As the
state defendants observe, this court has repeatedly held that a plaintiff waives a
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No. 1-16-2367
point by failing to offer either supporting legal authority or reasoned argument
for an extension or modification of existing authority. E.g., Lozman v. Putnam,
379 Ill. App. 3d 807, 824 (2008) (citing numerous cases in support).
¶ 34 As the state defendants also observe, despite the mandatory nature of the
Law, appellate courts have sometimes applied a good-faith exception. For
example, in Beggs v. Board of Education of Murphysboro Community Unit
School District No. 186, 2015 IL App (5th) 150018, ¶¶ 1-3, a plaintiff filed a
complaint for administrative review but she used a former address of the Board
rather than its current address and she failed to correctly name the Board's
president. Nonetheless, the summons with the complaint was ultimately routed
to and signed as received by a Board employee within the prescribed time
period. Beggs, 2015 IL App (5th) 150018, ¶¶ 3, 4 ("the trial court found that
the Board's receipt of the original summons was within the requisite time period
prescribed by the Act"). Despite proof of actual receipt within the prescribed
time period, the Board moved to dismiss on the ground that the plaintiff's
failure to serve the Board at its proper address and upon the designated
president within the proscribed period did not strictly comply with the Law's
procedural requirements and thus required dismissal. Beggs, 2015 IL App (5th)
150018, ¶ 3.
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¶ 35 The appellate court rejected the Board's argument, stating that, "because
the 35-day period for issuance of summons is mandatory, not jurisdictional,
failure to comply with the provision does not automatically deprive the court of
jurisdiction in the instant case." Beggs, 2015 IL App (5th) 150018, ¶ 7; Burns
v. Department of Employment Security, 342 Ill. App. 3d 780, 786 (2003)
("Unlike some other requirements under the [Administrative Review] Law, the
35-day period for issuance of summons is mandatory, not jurisdictional. Thus,
failure to comply with the provision does not automatically deprive the court of
jurisdiction."). The Beggs court then found that plaintiff had made a good-faith
effort to comply, stating: "our courts have recognized a narrow exception to
dismissal in cases where the plaintiff has made a good-faith effort to comply."
Beggs, 2015 IL App (5th) 150018, ¶ 7 (citing Burns, 342 Ill. App. 3d at 787);
see also Burns, 342 Ill. App. 3d at 795-96 (reversing dismissal of plaintiff's
complaint where plaintiff had made a good-faith effort).
¶ 36 Unlike Beggs, the appellate record in the case at bar contains no evidence
of an attempt by plaintiff to serve the Board in any fashion within the 35-day
time period. Even if we were to accept his assertion in his appellate brief that
he faxed a letter to the Board, we could not find that a faxed letter represents a
good-faith attempt to serve a summons and complaint. A letter is not a
complaint and summons. Ill. S. Ct. R. 101 (eff. Jan. 1, 2016), R. 102 (rules
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No. 1-16-2367
governing the form and service of a summons and complaint). 3 This is
particularly true when the appellate record contains no acknowledgement of
actual receipt during the 35-day period, as was the case in Beggs. The
advantage of following the rules is that then we, the courts, have proof of
service within the proscribed time period. Ill. S. Ct. R. 102(d). Here, we have
none.
¶ 37 Thus, whether the 35-day requirement is mandatory, or jurisdictional as
the state defendants argue, dismissal was warranted. 4
¶ 38 However, we are mindful, as we have stated in a prior unemployment
benefits case, that we " 'should not find hypertechnical excuses to avoid
3
For example, Illinois Supreme Court Rule 101(a) (eff. Jan. 1, 2016)
provides: "The summons shall be issued under the seal of the court, tested in the
name of the clerk, and signed with his name. It shall be dated on the date it is
issued, shall be directed to each defendant, and shall bear the information required
by Rule 131(d) for the plaintiff's attorney or the plaintiff if not represented by an
attorney."
4
We do not need to decide whether the 35-day requirement is jurisdictional
or mandatory in order to affirm the dismissal in this case, and thus we decline to
address this issue. The state defendants cite Illinois Supreme Court cases stating
that, if the statutorily prescribed procedures are not followed, no jurisdiction is
conferred on the circuit court. E.g., Slepicka v. Illinois Department of Public
Health, 2014 IL 116927, ¶ 34 (citing Fredman Brothers Furniture Co. v.
Department of Revenue, 109 Ill. 2d 202, 210 (1985)). However, there are also
appellate court cases decided after these cases which state that the 35-day rule is
mandatory not jurisdictional and which apply a good faith exception. Eg., Beggs,
2015 IL App (5th) 150018, ¶ 7; Burns, 342 Ill. App. 3d at 786-87. As previously
stated, we do not need to resolve the issue of whether the 35-day requirement is
jurisdictional or mandatory in order to affirm the dismissal here.
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No. 1-16-2367
deciding the merits of disputes, when no delay or harm was caused by the
technical violation to any party.' " Burns, 342 Ill. App. 3d at 787 (quoting
Worthen v. Village of Roxana, 253 Ill. App. 3d 378, 382 (1993)). In the case at
bar, the state defendants suffered no harm from plaintiff's two-day delay in
filing.
¶ 39 Even if we were to consider the merits of plaintiff's underlying claims,
we would still be forced to find that dismissal was warranted. Reviewing courts
apply different standards of review to the Board's decision depending on
whether the question presented is one of fact or law. Pesoli v. Department of
Employment Security, 2012 IL App (1st) 111835, ¶ 20 (citing City of Belvidere
v. Illinois State Labor Relations Board, 181 Ill. 2d 191, 204 (1998)). When
reviewing the Board's findings of fact, we deem those findings prima facie
correct, and we will reverse only if they are against the manifest weight of the
evidence. Pesoli, 2012 IL App (1st) 111835, ¶ 20 (citing Abbot Industries, Inc.
v. Department of Employment Security, 2011 IL App (2d) 100610, ¶ 15). By
contrast, when our review of the Board's decision to deny unemployment
insurance benefits involves a mixed question of law and fact, we employ a
clearly-erroneous standard, which is less deferential to the Board than the
manifest weight of the evidence standard. Petrovic v. Department of
Employment Security, 2016 IL 118562, ¶ 21. A mixed question of law and fact
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No. 1-16-2367
requires a court to determine the legal effect of a given set of facts. Petrovic,
2016 IL 118562, ¶ 21.
¶ 40 In the case at bar, plaintiff's underlying claim raises an issue of fact,
namely, one of credibility. He does not dispute that he was a no-show without a
call on Thanksgiving; rather, he claims that he was under the impression that he
was not scheduled to work on that day. Neither his employer nor the referee
accepted this statement. Upon appeal to the Board, the Board held a hearing, at
which it heard from both sides and it also was not persuaded by plaintiff's
testimony. Absent any evidence in the record to support plaintiff's claim except
for his own statement, we defer to the Board's credibility findings, since we
lack the ability, as it did, to hear from the witnesses first-hand. Pelosi v.
Department of Employment Security, 2012 IL App (1st) 111835, ¶ 26 ("It is the
Board's responsibility to weigh the evidence, evaluate the credibility of the
witnesses and resolve conflicts in testimony."). See also Hurst v. Department of
Employment Security, 393 Ill. App. 3d 323, 329 (2009); Caterpillar, Inc. v.
Doherty, 299 Ill. App. 3d 338, 344 (1998).
¶ 41 Having now considered every possible reason to rule in plaintiff's favor,
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we have no choice but to affirm the dismissal of his complaint.
¶ 42 CONCLUSION
¶ 43 For all of the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court's dismissal of
plaintiff's complaint.
¶ 44 Affirmed.
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