Black v. State

[Cite as Black v. State, 2017-Ohio-8822.]

COURT OF APPEALS
ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

JAMES D. BLACK JUDGES:
Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
Plaintiff-Appellant Hon. William B. Hoffman, J.
Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
-vs-
Case No. 17-COA-018
STATE OF OHIO

Defendant-Appellee OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Ashland County Court of
Common Pleas, Case No. 16-CIV-075

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: December 1, 2017

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellant For Defendant-Appellee

JAMES D. BLACK, PRO SE MICHAEL DEWINE
#119050 Ohio Attorney General
ISCI Unit 14
P.O. Box 14 BYRON D. TURNER
Boise, Idaho 83707-0014 Assistant Attorney General
Criminal Justice Section
150 East Gay Streeet, 16th Floor
Columbus, Ohio 43215
Ashland County, Case No. 17-COA-018 2

Hoffman, J.

{¶1} Appellant James D. Black appeals the summary judgment entered by the

Ashland County Common Pleas Court dismissing his complaint for wrongful

imprisonment. Appellee is the state of Ohio.

STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE

{¶2} On August 2, 2010, an Ashland County Grand Jury indicted Appellant in

Case No. 10–CRI–080. The trial court issued a warrant for Appellant's arrest.

{¶3} On January 27, 2011, prior to the service of the indictment on Appellant,

Appellant filed a handwritten “Notice of Availability” with the trial court. A copy of the

Notice was sent to the Ashland County Prosecutor's Office. The State filed a response to

the Notice, informing the trial court Appellant was being held in a county jail in the State

of Maryland, awaiting sentencing. The State also advised the trial court Appellant was not

serving any sentence at that time and was not incarcerated in a state penal institution;

therefore, Appellant's Notice was premature and R.C. 2963.30, the Interstate Agreement

on Detainers (“IAD”), was not applicable.

{¶4} On August 22, 2011, Appellant filed a motion to dismiss, asserting the State

violated his right to a speedy trial by failing to prosecute him within the time required by

R.C. 2963.30. The trial court denied the motion on September 6, 2011. The State offered

Appellant a plea deal, warning if such was not accepted, the State intended to re-indict

him with additional charges.

{¶5} On January 26, 2012, the Ashland County Grand Jury re-indicted Appellant

on two counts of theft, felonies of the fifth degree, and one count of breaking and entering,

a felony of the fifth degree, as well as an additional count of burglary, a felony of the
Ashland County, Case No. 17-COA-018 3

second degree in Case No. 12–CRI–010. The trial court dismissed Case No. 10–CRI–

080.

{¶6} Appellant filed a motion to dismiss the new indictment on February 3, 2012.

Therein, Appellant asserted the State failed to bring him to trial within the 180 day time

frame imposed by Article III(a) of the IAD, following his delivery of a Notice and Request

for Final Disposition on January 27, 2011. Appellant further argued the State failed to

bring him to trial within the 120 day time limit imposed by Article IV(c) of the IAD when he

was returned to the State of Maryland following action by Richland County, Ohio, to

transport him to Ohio in response to an indictment filed in that county.

{¶7} The trial court conducted a hearing on Appellant's motion to dismiss. The

following evidence was adduced at the hearing.

{¶8} After receiving notice from Appellant, authorities in Richland County

engaged in procedurally appropriate action pursuant to Article IV of the IAD. In response

to the action of Richland County, on or about May 27, 2011, Appellant was transported

from the State of Maryland to the State of Ohio. Appellant remained in the State of Ohio

until August 1, 2011, during which time the Richland County charges were resolved. Also

while Appellant was in Ohio, on July 8, 2011, the Ashland County Court of Common Pleas

arraigned Appellant in Case No. 10–CRI–080. Appellant was returned to the State of

Maryland prior to a final disposition of the Ashland County matter.

{¶9} Via Judgment Entry filed February 14, 2012, the trial court overruled

Appellant's motion to dismiss, finding the IAD was not applicable to him.

{¶10} On March 12, 2012, the State moved to amend the indictment. The trial

court granted the motion and the indictment was amended, reducing the degree of the
Ashland County, Case No. 17-COA-018 4

two theft counts to misdemeanors of the first degree. The matter proceeded to jury trial

on March 13 and 14, 2012. The jury found Appellant guilty of two misdemeanor counts of

theft as well as breaking and entering, the lesser included offense of burglary. The trial

court ordered a presentence investigation and scheduled sentencing for April 30, 2012.

The trial court imposed an aggregate term of imprisonment of twelve months.

{¶11} Appellant filed an appeal to this Court. We reversed the judgment of the

trial court, holding the trial court erred in denying Appellant’s motion to dismiss based on

his speedy trial rights and the single-transfer rules of the IAD, specifically finding the IAD

applicable to offenders held in county jails. State v. Black, 5th Dist. Ashland No. 12-COA-

018, 2013-Ohio-976, 989 N.E.2d 151, ¶27. The Ohio Supreme Court affirmed our

decision on the certified question of whether the term “penal or correctional institution of

a party state” in R.C. 263.30 includes a county jail as well as a state prison or correctional

facility. State v. Black, 142 Ohio St. 332, 30 N.E.3d 918, 2015-Ohio-513.

{¶12} On April 13, 2016, Appellant filed the instant action in the Ashland County

Common Pleas Court seeking a declaration he was wrongfully imprisoned as defined by

R.C. 2743.48(A). Both parties moved for summary judgment. The trial court granted

Appellee’s motion for summary judgment, finding Appellant cannot factually satisfy all five

of the statutory criteria set forth in R.C. 2743.48(A) which creates a cause of action for

wrongful imprisonment. Appellant prosecutes this appeal from that judgment, assigning

as error:

“I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING THE

RESPONDENT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT WHEN A
Ashland County, Case No. 17-COA-018 5

GENUINE ISSUE OF MATERIAL FACT IS DISPUTED IN THAT OHIO’S

WRONGFUL IMPRISONMENT STATUTE, R.C. 2943.48, IS AMBIGUOUS,

FOR THERE IS NOTHING EXPLICITLY STATED THAT A CONVICTION

AND SENTENCE FROM A CRIMINAL INDICTMENT THAT HAD NO

LEGAL FORCE OR EFFECT IS PRECLUDED FROM RECOVERY.

“II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING MR. BLACK’S

MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ON THE MISTAKEN BASIS HE

FAILED TO SATISFY THE FACTORS OF R.C. 2743.48(A)(1) THROUGH

(A)(5).”

{¶13} Summary judgment proceedings present the appellate court with the unique

opportunity of reviewing the evidence in the same manner as the trial court. Smiddy v.

The Wedding Party, Inc., 30 Ohio St.3d 35, 36 (1987). As such, we must refer to Civ. R.

56(C) which provides in pertinent part: “Summary Judgment shall be rendered forthwith

if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, written admissions, affidavits,

transcripts of evidence, and written stipulations of fact, if any, timely filed in the action,

show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is

entitled to judgment as a matter of law. No evidence or stipulation may be considered

except as stated in this rule. A summary judgment shall not be rendered unless it appears

from the evidence or stipulation, and only from the evidence or stipulation, that reasonable

minds can come to but one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to the party against

whom the motion for summary judgment is made, that party being entitled to have the

evidence or stipulation construed most strongly in the party’s favor.”
Ashland County, Case No. 17-COA-018 6

{¶14} Pursuant to the above rule, a trial court may not enter summary judgment if

it appears a material fact is genuinely disputed. The party moving for summary judgment

bears the initial burden of informing the trial court of the basis for its motion and identifying

those portions of the record that demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material

fact. The moving party may not make a conclusory assertion that the non-moving party

has no evidence to prove its case. The moving party must specifically point to some

evidence which demonstrates that the moving party cannot support its claim. If the

moving party satisfies this requirement, the burden shifts to the non-moving party to set

forth specific facts demonstrating that there is a genuine issue of material fact for trial.

Vahila v. Hall, 77 Ohio St.3d 421, 429, 1997-Ohio-259, citing Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio

St.3d 280, 1996-Ohio-107. It is pursuant to this standard of review we address

Appellant’s assignments of error.

I.

{¶15} Appellant argues R.C. 2943.48 is ambiguous because it fails to address his

unique set of circumstances.

{¶16} R.C. 2943.48 provides:

(A) As used in this section and section 2743.49 of the Revised Code,

a “wrongfully imprisoned individual” means an individual who satisfies each

of the following:

(1) The individual was charged with a violation of a section of the

Revised Code by an indictment or information, and the violation charged

was an aggravated felony or felony.
Ashland County, Case No. 17-COA-018 7

(2) The individual was found guilty of, but did not plead guilty to, the

particular charge or a lesser-included offense by the court or jury involved,

and the offense of which the individual was found guilty was an aggravated

felony or felony.

(3) The individual was sentenced to an indefinite or definite term of

imprisonment in a state correctional institution for the offense of which the

individual was found guilty.

(4) The individual's conviction was vacated, dismissed, or reversed

on appeal, the prosecuting attorney in the case cannot or will not seek any

further appeal of right or upon leave of court, and no criminal proceeding is

pending, can be brought, or will be brought by any prosecuting attorney, city

director of law, village solicitor, or other chief legal officer of a municipal

corporation against the individual for any act associated with that conviction.

(5) Subsequent to sentencing and during or subsequent to

imprisonment, an error in procedure resulted in the individual's release, or

it was determined by the court of common pleas in the county where the

underlying criminal action was initiated that the charged offense, including

all lesser-included offenses, either was not committed by the individual or

was not committed by any person.

{¶17} Appellant does not point to any ambiguity in the statute, but rather argues

the statute is incomplete by its failure to include his situation in the set of circumstances

under which a person may be found wrongfully imprisoned.
Ashland County, Case No. 17-COA-018 8

{¶18} The primary goal in statutory interpretation is to give effect to the intent of

the legislature. Christe v. GMS Mgt. Co., Inc., 88 Ohio St.3d 376, 377, 726 N.E.2d 497,

499 (2000). In determining legislative intent, the court first looks to the language of the

statute. Provident Bank v. Wood (1973), 36 Ohio St.2d 101, 105, 65 O.O.2d 296, 298,

304 N.E.2d 378, 381 (1973). In considering the statutory language, it is the duty of the

court to give effect to the words used in a statute, not to delete words used or to insert

words not used. Cleveland Elec. Illum. Co. v. Cleveland, 37 Ohio St.3d 50, 524 N.E.2d

441, paragraph three of the syllabus (1988). We decline to insert words into the statute

to include Appellant’s unique factual situation which the legislature failed to include.

{¶19} The first assignment of error is overruled.

II.

{¶20} In his second assignment of error, Appellant argues there is a disputed fact

as to his ability to prove he satisfies R.C. 2943.48(A)(5). He argues due to the trial court’s

failure to dismiss the indictment in Case No. 10-CRI-080 with prejudice, he was deprived

of his right to be free from confinement, and the State unlawfully obtained a new

indictment against him in Case No. 12-CRI-010, which constituted an error in the

proceeding subsequent to sentencing.1

{¶21} In Mansaray v. State of Ohio, 138 Ohio St. 3d 277, 6 N.E.3d 35, 2014-Ohio-

750, the plaintiff claimed he was wrongfully imprisoned when the charges against him

were dismissed following an appellate determination the trial court should have granted

1 We reject Appellant’s assertion the failure of the trial court to dismiss the indictment
rendered subsequent proceedings void ab initio: We find the trial court did have subject
matter jurisdiction to proceed.
Ashland County, Case No. 17-COA-018 9

his motion to suppress evidence taken from his house. The plaintiff argued the statutory

language found in R.C. 2743.48(A)(5), “subsequent to sentencing and during or

subsequent to imprisonment, an error in procedure resulted in the individual’s release,”

applied to his case because the “subsequent event” was a judicial determination of error.

The State argued the error in procedure must occur subsequent to sentencing, and the

error in procedure regarding suppression of evidence occurred prior to sentencing. The

Ohio Supreme Court agreed with the State, holding the error in procedure must have

occurred subsequent to sentencing and during or subsequent to imprisonment for the

statute to apply. Id. at syllabus. Accordingly, the error in procedure regarding

suppression of evidence did not occur subsequent to sentencing and during or

subsequent to imprisonment, and Mansaray therefore did not satisfy R.C. 2743.48(A)(5).

Id. at ¶16.

{¶22} Likewise, in the instant case the error of failing to recognize the speedy trial

and violation of the IAD occurred prior to sentencing. There are no disputed facts as to

Appellant’s ability to satisfy R.C. 2743.48(A)(5), and the trial court did not err in entering

summary judgment in favor of Appellee.

{¶23} The second assignment of error is overruled.
Ashland County, Case No. 17-COA-018 10

{¶24} The judgment of the Ashland County Common Pleas Court is affirmed.

By: Hoffman, J.

Baldwin, J. concurs,

Gwin, P.J. dissents.
Ashland County, Case No. 17-COA-018 11

Gwin, P.J., dissents,

{¶25} I respectfully dissent from the majority’s decision.

{¶26} While I agree that Appellant has couched his argument in terms that R.C.

2943.48 is ambiguous and fails to address his unique circumstances, I believe that a plain

reading of the statute mandates a different result. Specifically, R.C. 2943.48(A)(5) states,

5) Subsequent to sentencing and during or subsequent to

imprisonment, an error in procedure resulted in the individual’s release, or

it was determined by the court of common pleas in the county where the

underlying criminal action was initiated that the charged offense, including

all lesser-included offenses, either was not committed by the individual or

was not committed by any person (emphasis added).

{¶27} In Johnson v. State, the Ohio Supreme Court pointed out,

On April 9, 2003, the General Assembly amended R.C. 2743.48 and

expanded the definition of wrongfully imprisoned individuals to include

those who had been released due to a procedural error subsequent to

sentencing. Sub.S.B. No. 149, 149 Ohio Laws, Part II, 3545.

144 Ohio St.3d 311, 2015-Ohio-4437, 42 N.E.3d 746, ¶9.

{¶28} A court’s main objective in statutory construction is to determine and give

effect to the legislative intent. State ex rel. Solomon v. Police & Firemen’s Disability &

Pension Fund Bd. of Trustees, 72 Ohio St.3d 62, 65, 647 N.E.2d 486 (1995). To

determine the intent of the General Assembly, we look primarily to the language of the

statute itself. Stewart v. Trumbull Cty. Bd. of Elections, 34 Ohio St.2d 129, 130, 296

N.E.2d 676 (1973). “Where a statute defines terms used therein, such definition controls
Ashland County, Case No. 17-COA-018 12

in the application of the statute * * *.” Good Samaritan Hosp. of Dayton v. Porterfield, 29

Ohio St.2d 25, 30, 278 N.E.2d 26 (1972), citing Terteling Bros. v. Glander, 151 Ohio St.

236, 241, 85 N.E.2d 379 (1949), and Woman’s Internatl. Bowling Congress, Inc. v.

Porterfield, 25 Ohio St.2d 271, 275, 267 N.E.2d 781 (1971). Terms that are undefined by

the legislature are accorded their common, everyday meaning. R.C. 1.42.

{¶29} R.C. 2943.48(A)(5) is clearly written in the alternative. The term “or” is

defined as “used to link alternative”2; “used as a function word to indicate an alternative.

coffee or tea . sink or swim, the equivalent or substitutive character of two word or phrases

lessen or abate, or approximation or uncertainty in five or six days.”3

{¶30} Unlike the situation cited by the majority in Mansaray, Appellant in the case

at bar was convicted, sentenced and imprisoned. It was only after the Ohio Supreme

Court intervened and ended the conflict among appellate court districts by holding “the

term ‘penal or correctional institution of a party state’, as used in R.C. 2963.30, includes

a county jail as well as a state prison or correctional facility” that Appellant’s case was

dismissed. Thus, a procedure error subsequent to sentencing resulted in the Appellant’s

release

{¶31} Accordingly, because Appellant met all five requirements of the statute, I

would find that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to the appellee.

2 Oxford Dictionary, https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/or (accessed Nov. 17, 2017)
3 Merriam-Webster Dictionary, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/or (accessed Nov. 17, 2017.