J-A29036-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE INTEREST OF: ST.M., : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
A MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
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APPEAL OF: M.M., MOTHER : No. 193 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Order Entered December 14, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Family Court at No(s): CP-51-DP-0003333-2015
IN THE INTEREST OF: SU.M., : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
A MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
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APPEAL OF: M.M., MOTHER : No. 195 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Order Entered December 14, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Family Court at No(s): CP-51-DP-0003334-2015
IN THE INTEREST OF: MA.M., : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
A MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
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APPEAL OF: M.M., MOTHER : No. 196 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Order Entered December 14, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Family Court at No(s): CP-51-DP-0000643-2014
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IN THE INTEREST OF: B.B., : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
A MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
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APPEAL OF: M.M., MOTHER : No. 197 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Order Entered December 22, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Family Court at No(s): CP-51-DP-0003332-2015
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., PLATT, J.,* and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.: FILED DECEMBER 08, 2017
M.M. (Mother) appeals from the permanency review orders entered
December 14, 2016, and December 22, 2016, in the Court of Common Pleas
of Philadelphia County. After careful review, we affirm.
This appeal arises from the dependency of four of Mother’s minor
daughters; B.B., born in July 2000; Ma.M., born in March 2003; St.M., born
in May 2005; and Su.M., born in August 2011 (collectively, Children). The
record reveals that the Philadelphia Department of Human Services (DHS)
filed a dependency petition with respect to Ma.M. on March 13, 2014. In its
petition, DHS averred that Ma.M. suffers from significant mental health issues,
and requested that she be adjudicated dependent while remaining in Mother’s
care. The juvenile court adjudicated Ma.M. dependent by order entered March
28, 2014. Pursuant to a permanency review order entered September 15,
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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2015, the court removed Ma.M. from Mother’s care and placed her in kinship
foster care with S.F. (Paternal Grandmother), the paternal grandmother of
St.M. and Su.M.
On December 21, 2015, DHS filed applications for orders of protective
custody with respect to Children. In its applications, DHS averred that B.B.,
St.M., and Su.M. were now also living with Paternal Grandmother, and that
Mother was living with her paramour in an apartment without utilities. DHS
further averred that Paternal Grandmother was abusing Children by beating
them and failing to feed them consistently, and that other individuals in the
home were sexually abusing B.B., Ma.M., and St.M. The juvenile court entered
orders of protective custody removing Children from the home. The juvenile
court entered shelter care orders on December 23, 2015.
DHS filed dependency petitions with respect to Children on January 4,
2016.1 The juvenile court adjudicated B.B., St.M., and Su.M. dependent by
orders entered February 19, 2016. Relevant to this appeal, the court
conducted permanency review hearings with respect to Ma.M., St.M., and
Su.M. on December 14, 2016, and entered permanency review orders that
same day. At that hearing, counsel for Mother appeared, but Mother did not.
Mother did not present any witnesses.
In addition, the parties appeared before a master for a permanency
review hearing with respect to B.B. on December 22, 2016. Both Mother and
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1 DHS indicated that it was amending its prior dependency petition with
respect to Ma.M.
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her counsel appeared at that hearing. However, Mother did not testify or
present any witnesses. Once again, the juvenile court entered the master’s
recommendation as an order of court that same day.2
Despite being represented by counsel, Mother timely filed pro se notices
of appeal on January 6, 2017, along with concise statements of errors
complained of on appeal.3 Mother asserted in her concise statements that she
is cooperative with DHS; that she is being treated unfairly; and that
supervised visits should be moved to the Children’s foster home, among other
things. The juvenile court filed opinions in response.4
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2 The trial court changed B.B.’s permanent placement goal from reunification
to another planned permanent living arrangement (APPLA) in a prior
permanency review order entered September 14, 2016. Mother did not appeal
that order.
3 Generally, our courts prohibit pro se filings by represented appellants, and
we treat these filings as legal nullities. See Commonwealth v. Ali, 10 A.3d
282, 293 (Pa. 2010). However, pro se notices of appeal are an exception to
this rule. In Commonwealth v. Cooper, 27 A.3d 994, 1007 (Pa. 2011), our
Supreme Court held that a pro se notice of appeal, filed while Cooper was
represented by counsel, was not a legal nullity, but was simply “premature.”
See also Commonwealth v. Wilson, 67 A.3d 736, 738 (Pa. 2013)
(explaining that “[Wilson] filed a pro se notice of appeal; it is not clear why
his court-appointed counsel did not file the notice,” and proceeding to review
the merits of Wilson’s case without further discussion). Thus, we will not treat
Mother’s pro se notices of appeal as legal nullities.
4 The juvenile court did not address the issues raised by Mother; rather, it
concluded that the continued placement of Ma.M., St.M., and Su.M. is “in the
best interest of the [C]hildren based on the testimony regarding the
[C]hildren’s safety, protection, mental, physical and moral welfare.” Juvenile
Court Opinion, 7/20/2017, at 4. With respect to B.B., the juvenile court
concluded that Mother has waived all issues on appeal because this order is
not appealable, and even if it were appealable, Mother waived her issues by
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Before we reach the issues presented by Mother on appeal, we consider
whether these permanency review orders are appealable orders.5 “‘[S]ince
we lack jurisdiction over an unappealable order it is incumbent on us to
determine, sua sponte when necessary, whether the appeal is taken from an
appealable order.’” Gunn v. Automobile Ins. Co. of Hartford,
Connecticut, 971 A.2d 505, 508 (Pa. Super. 2009) (quoting Kulp v.
Hrivnak, 765 A.2d 796, 798 (Pa. Super. 2000)). It is well-settled that, “[a]n
appeal lies only from a final order, unless permitted by rule or statute.”
Stewart v. Foxworth, 65 A.3d 468, 471 (Pa. Super. 2013). Generally, a
final order is one that disposes of all claims and all parties. See Pa.R.A.P.
341(b).
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filing a non-compliant concise statement. See Juvenile Court Opinion,
2/7/2017.
5On August 20, 2017, Mother’s counsel filed a purported Anders brief in this
Court. Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). In his brief, counsel
explains that Mother’s appeal is frivolous because these orders are not
appealable, but that he has not filed a petition to withdraw and intends to
continue representing her. Anders Brief at 10, 13.
When faced with an Anders brief and petition to withdraw, this Court
must usually begin by analyzing whether counsel complied with the
requirements of the Anders procedure. See Commonwealth v. Rojas, 874
A.2d 638, 639 (Pa. Super. 2005) (quoting Commonwealth v. Smith, 700
A.2d 1301, 1303 (Pa. Super. 1997)) (“‘When faced with a purported Anders
brief, this Court may not review the merits of the underlying issues without
first passing on the request to withdraw.’”). Counsel’s filing of a purported
Anders brief that does not advocate for the merits of Mother’s position,
without petitioning to withdraw, is procedurally improper. However, because
Mother failed to preserve the issues she wishes to present, as discussed infra,
we do not conduct an Anders analysis here.
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It is clear that the juvenile court entered these orders as a routine part
of the Children’s ongoing dependency proceedings. The orders did not
conclude the proceedings, or otherwise dispose of all claims and all parties.
Importantly, the orders did not grant or deny a request for a goal change, nor
did they grant or deny a petition to terminate Mother’s parental rights. In re
H.S.W.C.-B., 836 A.2d 908, 911 (Pa. 2003) (“An order granting or denying a
status change, as well as an order terminating or preserving parental rights,
shall be deemed final when entered.”).
However, case law exists supporting an argument that certain
permanency review orders are appealable as collateral orders. See Pa.R.A.P.
313(a) (providing that an appeal may be taken as of right from a collateral
order of a lower court). “A collateral order is an order separable from and
collateral to the main cause of action where the right involved is too important
to be denied review and the question presented is such that if review is
postponed until final judgment in the case, the claim will be irreparably lost.”
Pa.R.A.P. 313(b).
The Pennsylvania appellate courts have applied the
collateral order doctrine to address a children and youth agency’s
appeal from a trial court’s directive to the children and youth
agency to provide services to a dependent child. In In Re: N.E.,
787 A.2d 1040, 1041 n. 1 (Pa. Super. 2001), this Court concluded
that the Philadelphia Department of Human Services’ appeal from
the trial court’s order to pay a portion of N.E.’s dental bills was
appealable pursuant to the collateral order doctrine. Likewise, in
In Re: Tameka M., [] 580 A.2d 750 ([Pa.] 1990), the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court addressed the appeal of CYS of
Allegheny County (CYS Allegheny) from this Court’s affirmance of
the trial court’s order requiring CYS Allegheny to reimburse
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Tameka M.’s foster family for its expenses in sending Tameka M.
to a private pre-school.
In re J.S.C., 851 A.2d 189, 192 (Pa. Super. 2004). In both cases, this Court
held the collateral order doctrine rendered these orders appealable because
“it was necessary to address on review the questions raised in N.E. and
Tameka M. because the right involved was too important to be denied review.”
Id.
The Court came to the opposite result in J.S.C. In that case, the juvenile
court granted the incarcerated mother’s petition to compel parental visitation.
CYS appealed that order arguing “that visitation with [the m]other is a grave
threat to J.S.C. and not in J.S.C.’s best interest.” Id. (emphasis omitted). This
Court quashed the appeal, concluding that the order was not appealable
pursuant to the collateral order doctrine because even though
this right is important, one seeking appellate review of an order
pursuant to the collateral order doctrine must demonstrate that a
right, which they possess, is too important to be denied review
and will be lost if review is postponed until final judgment. CYS
does not possess a “right” to prevent [the m]other from visiting
with J.S.C. Accordingly, the order CYS purports to appeal from
does not foreclose CYS from asserting an “important right,” and,
therefore, the order is not appealable via the collateral order
doctrine.
Id. (emphasis in original; citations omitted).
Instantly, Mother is claiming, inter alia, that her rights to visiting the
Children are being impeded. This is a right possessed by Mother, and it
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appears to be her position that DHS is denying her that right. 6 Based on the
foregoing, and in light of our disposition infra, we decline to quash Mother’s
appeals.
We now turn to the merits of these appeals. In her concise statements,
Mother specifically requests that she be able to visit St.M., Su.M., and Ma.M.
in their foster home. She also requests that she be able to see them by
attending their “school/religious and social events.” Statement of Errors
Complained of on Appeal, 1/6/2017. Mother also requests family therapy.
However, Mother did not raise these issues at the permanency review hearings
in juvenile court.7 At those hearings, it was confirmed that Mother was
attending supervised visitation at the agency with St.M., Su.M., and Ma.M.8
N.T., 12/14/2016, at 28-31. It was also confirmed that Mother was attending
visits with B.B. in her placement. N.T., 12/22/2016, at 10. At no point during
these discussions, or at any other time on the record, did Mother or her
attorney request that these visits be moved to the foster home or ask that
Mother be able to see the Children at other events. Nor did she request that
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6Mother does have supervised visitation with the Children, but it appears
Mother wishes for that visitation to occur in the foster home. In addition,
Mother wishes to see the Children at their activities.
7 In fact, Mother did not even attend the December 14, 2016 hearing.
8 There was discussion about whether these visits could be moved to a local
Wendy’s Restaurant one time each month because Children would prefer not
to have to go to the agency. All parties agreed to explore that option.
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the agency provide her family therapy. Mother presents these issues for the
first time in her Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statements.
“It is well settled that issues not raised below cannot be advanced for
the first time in a 1925(b) statement or on appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a)
(‘Issues not raised in the lower court are waived and cannot be raised for the
first time on appeal.’).” Irwin Union Nat. Bank & Tr. Co. v. Famous, 4 A.3d
1099, 1104 (Pa. Super. 2010). Moreover, “[e]ven though a 1925(b)
statement raises issues before the trial court first, an issue must have been
otherwise preserved for the trial court to consider that issue.” Diamond Reo
Truck Co. v. Mid-Pac. Indus., Inc., 806 A.2d 423, 430 (Pa. Super. 2002).
Based on the foregoing, because Mother did not raise these issues at the
hearings for the Children, she has waived them on appeal. Accordingly, we
affirm the permanency review orders of the juvenile court.
Orders affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/8/2017
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