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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
TODD ERIC MESSNER,
Appellant No. 664 MDA 2017
Appeal from the Order Entered March 13, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Huntingdon County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-31-CR-0000025-2015
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., LAZARUS, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.: FILED FEBRUARY 02, 2018
Todd Eric Messner, Appellant, appeals from the trial court’s March 13,
2017 order denying his “Motion for Return of Property Pursuant to
Pa.R.Crim.P. Rule 588” (hereinafter, “Motion”). After careful review, we
affirm.
Briefly, Appellant’s Motion sought the return of several firearms seized
by police during their investigation of his commission of various arson-
related offenses. Appellant was ultimately arrested and charged with
numerous crimes. On July 14, 2016, he pled nolo contendere to reckless
burning or exploding, 18 Pa.C.S. § 3301(d)(1), and possession of explosive
or incendiary material, 18 Pa.C.S. § 3301(f). Appellant was sentenced that
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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same day to 18 to 36 months’ incarceration, followed by 3 years’ probation.
He was granted immediate parole. Appellant did not file a direct appeal
from his judgment of sentence.
On December 20, 2016, Appellant filed the at-issue Motion seeking the
return of the firearms seized during the investigation of his criminal matter.
Specifically, Appellant asked that the guns be returned to himself or his wife,
Alda Messner, or, alternatively, that he be permitted “to relinquish these
weapons to his uncle, Thomas Moffat, Jr.” See Motion, 12/20/16, at 2
(unnumbered). The trial court conducted a hearing on the Motion on March
2, 2017, at which Appellant, Mrs. Messner, and Mr. Moffat each testified. On
March 13, 2017, the court issued an order denying Appellant’s Motion.
Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal, and he also timely complied
with the court’s order to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal. Herein, he presents one issue for our review:
A. Whether … the … trial court erred or abused its discretion
when it denied [Appellant’s] Motion … pursuant to Rule of
Criminal Procedure 588 and declined to return the requested
firearms to Alda Messner and Tom Moffett?
Appellant’s Brief at 4 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).
Our Court has previously explained:
The standard of review applied in cases involving motions for the
return of property is an abuse of discretion. In conducting our
review, we bear in mind that it is the province of the trial court
to judge the credibility of the witnesses and weigh the testimony
offered. It is not the duty of an appellate court to act as fact-
finder, but to determine whether there is sufficient evidence in
the record to support the facts as found by the trial court.
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Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure … 588 addresses
motions for the return of property and reads as follows:
Motion for Return of Property
(A) A person aggrieved by a search and seizure, whether
or not executed pursuant to a warrant, may move for the
return of the property on the ground that he or she is
entitled to lawful possession thereof. Such motion shall be
filed in the court of common pleas for the judicial district in
which the property was seized.
(B) The judge hearing such motion shall receive evidence
on any issue of fact necessary to the decision thereon. If
the motion is granted, the property shall be restored
unless the court determines that such property is
contraband, in which case the court may order the
property to be forfeited.
Pa.R.Crim.P. 588(A) and (B).
***
The law is well settled that:
[o]n a motion for return of property, the moving party has
the burden of proving ownership or lawful possession of
the items. The burden then shifts to the Commonwealth to
prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the
property is contraband.
[D]erivative contraband is property which is innocent in
itself but which has been used in the perpetration of an
unlawful act. Property is not derivative contraband,
however, merely because it is owned or used by someone
who has been engaged in criminal conduct. Rather, the
Commonwealth must establish a specific nexus between
the property and the alleged criminal activity.
Commonwealth v. Durham, 9 A.3d 641, 645–46 (Pa. Super. 2010)
(internal quotation marks, citations, and footnote omitted).
In this case, the trial court denied Appellant’s Motion for return of the
firearms on the basis that Appellant had failed to meet his preliminary
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burden of proving that he, Mrs. Messner, or Mr. Moffat had a lawful
ownership interest in the guns. See Trial Court Opinion (TCO), 6/9/17, at 2.
For the following reasons, we discern no abuse of discretion in the court’s
decision.1
Preliminarily, the court correctly determined that Appellant, himself,
can no longer lawfully possess the firearms in question, as his convictions in
this case preclude him from doing so. See TCO at 2; see also 18 Pa.C.S. §
6105(a)(1), (b) (directing that a person convicted of an offense set forth in
18 Pa.C.S. § 3301 “shall not possess, use, control, sell, transfer or
manufacture or obtain a license to possess, use, control, sell, transfer or
manufacture a firearm in this Commonwealth”). Notably, Appellant does not
challenge this determination on appeal, conceding “that he is no longer able
to possess firearms….” Appellant’s Brief at 17.
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1 This is especially true where Appellant offers minimal discussion of why the
court erred in determining that neither he, nor his wife or uncle, had a lawful
ownership interest in the firearms. Instead, he devotes the majority of his
argument to contending that the seized firearms are not contraband or
derivative contraband, and the cases on which he primarily relies also
address this issue, rather than the question of ownership of the firearms.
See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Howard, 713 A.2d 89 (Pa. 1998) (discussing
whether firearms seized from a seller’s private collection constituted
derivative contraband subject to forfeiture); Petition of Maglisco, 491 A.2d
1381 (Pa. Super. 1985) (discussing the law of derivative contraband, and
holding that, while a pistol used by the petitioner to shoot her husband was
clearly derivative contraband, other firearms that she owned, which were not
used in the crime, were not derivative contraband).
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Appellant does challenge, however, the trial court’s determination that
neither his wife (Mrs. Messner), nor his uncle (Mr. Moffat), demonstrated an
ownership interest in the guns. Id. at 18. According to Appellant, “the
record is clear that at least two of the firearms, specifically one of the .380
rifles and a nine millimeter handgun, belonged to Mrs. Messner. There was
no testimony offered by the Commonwealth to rebut her claims. As a
consequence, unless these firearms are derivative contraband, she is
entitled to their return.” Id. Appellant also claims that the other guns are
“family heirlooms,” and that the court should have permitted him to transfer
those guns Mr. Moffat’s ownership to ensure that they can be
“pass[ed] on to the next generation and generations thereafter.” Id. at 18.
Appellant’s argument is unconvincing. We initially note that neither
Mrs. Messner, nor Mr. Moffat, filed their own petition for the return of the
firearms to their possession; instead, Appellant simply named them in his
Motion for the return of that property. Rule 588 states that “[a] person
aggrieved by a search and seizure … may move for the return of the
property on the ground that he or she is entitled to lawful possession
thereof.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 588(a) (emphasis). Thus, Rule 588 does not
seemingly permit Appellant to move for the return of the firearms on the
basis that Mrs. Messner and/or Mr. Moffat are entitled to lawful possession
thereof. See In re Firearms, Eleven, 922 A.2d 906 (Pa. Super. 2007)
(considering whether a wife was entitled, under Rule 588, to the return of
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guns seized from her husband where the wife had filed a petition for the
return of that property).
In any event, even if the Motion was properly framed, we would
conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying
Appellant’s request for the return of the firearms to Mrs. Messner or Mr.
Moffat on the basis that neither individual had a lawful ownership interest in
the guns. First, the trial court clearly disbelieved Mrs. Messner’s testimony
that two of the guns belonged to her, stressing that she produced no
documentation to prove her ownership of those weapons.2 See TCO at 2.
The record supports the court’s determination. Furthermore, we reject
Appellant’s argument that because the Commonwealth produced no
evidence to refute Mrs. Messner’s testimony, the court was required to
accept it as proof of her ownership of two of the guns. As stated supra, “it is
the province of the trial court to judge the credibility of the witnesses and
weigh the testimony offered.” Durham, 9 A.3d at 645.
Second, we ascertain no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s decision
that the guns should not be returned to Mr. Moffat. The court pointed out
that Mr. Moffat did not even suggest that he owned the firearms, let alone
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2 Indeed, Appellant’s wife acknowledged that documents proving she
purchased two of the guns would surely be “on file” at the business where
those sales were conducted, but she conceded that she had not brought that
documentation to the hearing. N.T. Hearing, 3/2/17, at 3.
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prove any ownership interest in that property. Again, the record supports
the court’s determination.
Moreover, while we appreciate Appellant’s argument that the ‘family
heirloom’ guns should be transferred to Mr. Moffat’s ownership to preserve
them for future generations, Appellant unfortunately did not utilize the
proper method for transferring those firearms. Rule 588 is not, on its face, a
mechanism for transferring ownership of property; it is a mechanism for
seeking return of property that one already owns. Additionally, 18 Pa.C.S. §
6105 provides that “[a] person who is prohibited from possessing, using,
controlling, selling, transferring or manufacturing a firearm under paragraph
(1) or subsection (b) or (c) shall have a reasonable period of time, not to
exceed 60 days from the date of the imposition of the disability under this
subsection, in which to sell or transfer that person’s firearms to another
eligible person who is not a member of the prohibited person’s household.”
See 18 Pa.C.S. § 6105(a)(2)(i). Here, Appellant did not seek to transfer the
firearms to Mr. Moffat’s possession within 60 days of his July 14, 2016
conviction; instead, he waited until December 20, 2016 to file his Motion
requesting that transfer. Because of Appellant’s delay, we cannot conclude
that the trial court abused its discretion by denying his Motion.
Order affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/2/18
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