Com. v. Lepre, G.

J-A09045-18

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
GERALD S. LEPRE :
:
Appellant : No. 1612 WDA 2017

Appeal from the Order Entered October 25, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-02-SA-0000914-2017

BEFORE: BOWES, J., DUBOW, J., and MURRAY, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.: FILED MAY 30, 2018

Gerald S. Lepre (Appellant) appeals pro se from the judgment of

sentence imposed after the trial court convicted him of the summary offense

of disorderly conduct.1 We affirm.

On August 4, 2017, Appellant entered the Allegheny County Family

Court. He was accompanying his co-worker, Jessica Weiss, who was attending

a protection from abuse hearing. Allegheny County Deputy Sheriff Anthony

Fratto testified that while Appellant was in the security line, Deputy Fratto

discovered Appellant had a prescription medication that was not in a

prescription bottle, but was contained in manufacturer’s “tin foil type”

packaging. N.T., 10/25/17, at 4. Appellant did not have the required proof

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1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5503.
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of prescription, and when questioned about it, he became boisterous,

argumentative, and used profanity. Id. at 5. Because there were many

people in the security line, Deputy Fratto asked Appellant to go to the sheriffs’

office to discuss the situation, but Appellant continued acting angrily, calling

the officers names and using profanity. Once inside the sheriffs’ office,

Appellant “kept going off on” the officers and was thus taken to the “bullpen,”

where “he continued to swear and be argumentative with the deputies.” Id.

In the bullpen, Appellant kicked the door continuously until authorities took

him to the courthouse jail. Id.

The Commonwealth charged Appellant with possession of a controlled

substance and disorderly conduct. Subsequently, the Commonwealth

withdrew the possession of a controlled substance charge. The Magisterial

District Judge found Appellant guilty of disorderly conduct and imposed fines

and costs of $300.

Appellant appealed to the Court of Common Pleas, where a trial de novo

was held on October 25, 2017. Appellant appeared pro se. The

Commonwealth presented one witness, Deputy Fratto, who testified to the

above facts. Appellant called Ms. Weiss, who testified that when the sheriffs

discovered Appellant’s medication, Appellant told them they could call his

doctor to verify his prescription, but one sheriff said, “I’m sorry, we don’t do

that.” Id. at 7. Ms. Weiss denied that Appellant was boisterous or loud or

used profanity. She said Appellant was not even talking to the sheriffs, but

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instead was talking calmly to her. The sheriffs then led Appellant through a

glass door to ask him questions, and Ms. Weiss went to her court hearing

alone. Id. at 8. After the hearing, Ms. Weiss returned to the security line

area, where an officer informed her that Appellant was taken to jail, and Ms.

Weiss left.

Appellant testified in his own defense and provided the following account

of events. The sheriffs found the prescription for his medication, and he

“explain[ed] to them nicely that it was a legal prescription” and asked them

to call his doctor to verify. Id. at 14, 16. The sheriffs nevertheless took him

to their office and closed the door, “and that’s when the confrontation took

place.” Id. at 18. Appellant explained that he was upset because he had a

legal prescription, claimed the sheriffs’ “main incentive was to take [him] to

jail,” and admitted that he said “this is screwed up” and “what, you guys don’t

have nothing better to do.” Id. at 17, 19. Appellant argued that because he

said these things “behind a locked door,” the Commonwealth failed to

establish that his conduct occurred in a public space. Id. at 19.

The trial court found Appellant guilty of disorderly conduct. The court

specifically found that Deputy Fratto was credible, Appellant was not credible,

and that Appellant’s disorderly conduct occurred in the public “rotunda area,”

of the courthouse. Id. at 22. On the same day, the court imposed a sentence

of $300 in fines and costs.

Appellant filed a timely post-trial motion, and the trial court held a

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hearing on October 31, 2017. Appellant, again appearing pro se, first argued

that the testimony that he possessed the medication was inflammatory, as

the Commonwealth had withdrawn the charge of possession of a controlled

substance. N.T., 10/31/17, at 4. The trial court responded that this testimony

had no bearing on its finding him guilty of disorderly conduct, and instead it

relied on Deputy Fratto’s testimony relating to Appellant’s “profanity, yelling,

disagreeable conduct, [and] holding up the [security] line.” Id. Appellant

again argued that his conduct did not occur in a public place, but the trial court

reiterated that it based the disorderly conduct conviction on his behavior in

the courthouse security line, emphasizing that it found the deputy sheriff’s

testimony credible. Appellant pointed out the trial court was essentially

discrediting his evidence, and the court explained it had properly made

credibility determinations. The court denied Appellant’s motion, and Appellant

filed a timely notice of appeal.

The trial court issued a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) order directing Appellant to

“file of record and serve on the court a Concise Statement of the Errors

Complained of on the Appeal no later than 21 days.” Order, 11/6/17

(emphasis added). The date November 6, 2017 appears next to the signature

line, but the order does not bear a “filed” stamp showing the date of filing,

nor does the order appear on the copy of the docket that is included in the

record. The docket was printed on October 26, 2017 — the day after the trial

de novo — and the guilty verdict is the final entry. However, we note the first

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page of the record is a one-page index, which acts as a table of contents, and

the index states that the order was filed on November 8, 2017.

On November 17, 2017, Appellant filed a Rule 1925(b) statement; it

bears a court “filed” stamp showing the November 17, 2017 date, which was

within 21 days of both November 6 and November 8, 2017. On December 13,

2017, however, the court issued an opinion stating that Appellant failed to file

a Rule 1925(b) statement and all of his issues were waived. See

Commonwealth v. Lord, 719 A.2d 306 (Pa. 1998) (“[I]n order to preserve

their claims for appellate review, [a]ppellants must comply whenever the trial

court orders them to file a Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal

pursuant to Rule 1925.”).

Preliminarily, we consider the trial court’s assertion that all of Appellant’s

issues are waived for failure to file a Rule 1925(b) statement. As stated above,

the certified record includes a Rule 1925(b) statement, which is stamped by

the clerk of courts as “filed” on November 17, 2017. Accordingly, it is possible

that although Appellant filed the statement with the clerk of courts, he did not

serve a copy on the trial court, as required by the Rule 1925(b) order and Rule

1925(b) itself. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(1) (“Appellant shall file of record the

Statement and concurrently shall serve the judge. Filing of record and service

on the judge shall be in person or by mail as provided in Pa.R.A.P. 121(a)[.]”).

Generally, the failure to serve a copy of a court-ordered Rule 1925(b)

statement on the trial court results in waiver. See Forest Highlands Cmty.

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Ass’n v. Hammer, 879 A.2d 223, 229 (Pa. Super. 2004).

However, our Supreme Court has stated:

[F]or an appellant to be subject to waiver for failing to file a timely
1925(b) statement . . . the clerk of courts has a mandatory duty
to furnish copies of the order to each party or their attorney. In
reaching this conclusion, we relied on Pa.R.Crim.P. 114 . . . , which
sets forth the obligations of the clerk of courts as follows:

Upon receipt of an order from a judge, the clerk of courts
shall immediately docket the order and record in the docket
the date it was made. The clerk shall forthwith furnish a
copy of the order, by mail or personal delivery, to each party
or attorney, and shall record in the docket the time and
manner thereof.

[Pa.R.Crim.P. 114(A)(1). T]he word “shall” in Rule 114 [is]
mandatory [and] leaves no question that the clerk’s obligations
are not discretionary.

Commonwealth v. Hess, 810 A.2d 1249, 1252-53 (Pa. 2002) (emphasis

added). In Hess, our Supreme Court held that the appellant’s untimely Rule

1925(b) statement did not result in waiver where, inter alia, the trial docket

did not indicate the date and manner of service of the court’s Rule 1925(b)

order in violation of Pa.R.Crim.P. 114. Id. at 1254-55.

As stated above, the trial court issued a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) order that

was dated November 6, 2017 (although the index states it was filed on

November 8th). The bottom of the order states:

cc: [Appellant’s name and address]
[Commonwealth attorney’s name and address]

Order, 11/6/17. In the absence of any docket entry for the order or certificate

of service, the record simply does not indicate the date or manner of service

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of the order, as required by Rule 114. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 114. We thus decline

to find waiver on the basis that the trial court did not receive a copy of the

Rule 1925(b) statement. See Hess, 810 A.2d at 1254-55. Accordingly, we

proceed to address the merits of Appellant’s issues.

Appellant presents three issues for our review:

[1.] Whether sufficient evidence existed to sustain the charge of
disorderly conduct when:

A. The alleged conduct complained of didn’t occur in a public
forum; &

B. The alleged conduct complained of served a legitimate
purpose?

[2.] Whether the corpus delicti of disorderly conduct was met?

[3.] Whether the trial court committed error, abused its discretion
and violated constitutional rights when it admitted inflammatory
evidence over repeated objection when its prejudicial effect did
not outweigh its probative value?

Appellant’s Brief at 4.

In his first issue, Appellant argues that the evidence was insufficient to

support a conviction of disorderly conduct. Appellant concedes that Deputy

Fratto testified that the disorderly conduct occurred in the public rotunda area

of the courthouse, but points to his own evidence — his and Ms. Weiss’s

testimony — that the conduct occurred in the sheriffs’ office that was not open

to the public. Appellant additionally avers that his alleged disorderly conduct

served a legitimate purpose: defending “himself and his innocence as Deputy

Fratto encroached on his freedom of action and movement by making an

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arrest — without any investigation” as to whether he had a valid prescription.

Appellant’s Brief at 11-12.

Despite Appellant’s characterization of his issue as a challenge to the

sufficiency of the evidence, his argument goes to the weight of the evidence.2

See Commonwealth v. Thompson, 106 A.3d 742, 758 (Pa. Super. 2014)

(“[A] true weight of the evidence challenge concedes that sufficient evidence

exists to sustain the verdict but questions which evidence is to be believed.”).

Our review of a trial court’s ruling on a weight claim is limited to whether the

court abused its discretion. Id. at 758.

It is well established that this Court is precluded from reweighing
the evidence and substituting our credibility determination for that
of the fact-finder. . . . “[T]he weight of the evidence is exclusively
for the finder of fact who is free to believe all, part, or none of the
evidence and to determine the credibility of the witnesses[.”]

Id. (citations omitted). Disorderly conduct is defined in part as follows:

(a) Offense defined.—A person is guilty of disorderly conduct
if, with intent to cause public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm,
or recklessly creating a risk thereof, he:

* * *
(2) makes unreasonable noise; [or]

(3) uses obscene language, or makes an obscene gesture[.]

____________________________________________

2 Appellant preserved a weight of the evidence claim by raising it at the post-
trial hearing. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 607(A)(3) (a claim that the verdict was
against the weight of the evidence shall be raised with the trial judge in a
motion for a new trial in a post-sentence motion); N.T., 10/31/17, at 9
(“[E]ssentially, you discredited any evidence that I put on[.]”).

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18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5503(a)(2), (3). “Under the statute, whether a defendant’s

words or acts rise to the level of disorderly conduct hinges upon whether they

cause or unjustifiably risk a public disturbance.” Commonwealth v.

Fedorek, 946 A.2d 93, 100 (Pa. 2008).

In finding Appellant guilty of disorderly conduct, the trial court credited

Deputy Fratto’s testimony that while Appellant was in the security line of the

courthouse, he yelled, used profanity, and behaved with “disagreeable

conduct.” N.T., 10/25/17, at 22; N.T., 10/31/17, at 6. The court concluded

that Appellant “became boisterous, argumentative and used profanity. The

behavior continued as [Appellant] was led into the Sheriff’s Office, and

persisted when he was taken to the bullpen and the jail.” Trial Court Opinion,

12/13/17, at 1. To succeed, Appellant’s argument would require this Court to

disregard the trial court’s credibility determinations and reweigh the testimony

in his favor. This we cannot do. See Thompson, 106 A.3d at 758.

Appellant’s additional argument — that he had a legitimate purpose for his

behavior — is waived, as he presented no such claim before the trial court.

See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not raised in the lower court are waived and

cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”). Thus, Appellant’s first issue

is meritless.

Appellant’s second issue is whether “[t]he corpus delecti of disorderly

conduct has not been met.” Appellant’s Brief at 12. He claims that Deputy

Fratto “testif[ied] on behalf of other officer[s] and the public who allegedly

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witnessed the act,” but the Commonwealth did not present any other

witnesses whom Appellant could cross-examine. Id. at 13. Appellant claims

he thus was unable to “confront [Deputy Fratto’s] hearsay evidence.” Id.

Appellant’s reliance on the corpus delecti rule is misplaced. “The corpus

delicti rule begins with the proposition that a criminal conviction may not be

based upon the extra-judicial confession of the accused unless it is

corroborated by independent evidence establishing the corpus delicti” — “the

body of the crime.” Commonwealth v. Chambliss, 847 A.2d 115, 119 (Pa.

Super. 2004). Appellant does not reference a confession — and the record

does not reveal any — allegedly made by Appellant and presented at trial. To

the extent we review Appellant’s claim as a challenge to the admission of

hearsay, the factual premise of his argument is mistaken. Deputy Fratto did

not, as Appellant contends, testify to what another individual said. See

Pa.R.E. 801 (“‘Hearsay’ means a statement that (1) the declarant does not

make while testifying at the current trial or hearing; and (2) a party offers in

evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted in the statement”).

Instead, the officer testified that he attempted to question Appellant about the

medication, but Appellant “became very boisterous, very argumentative,

[and] used some profanity.” N.T., 10/25/17, at 5. This second issue does not

warrant relief.

In his final issue, Appellant asserts that the trial court erred in allowing

evidence that he possessed a controlled substance — the medication. He

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emphasizes that the Commonwealth withdrew its charge of possession of a

controlled substance, and contends the evidence had no relevance and was

unfairly prejudicial.

“Questions concerning the admissibility of evidence are within ‘the

sound discretion of the trial court, and its discretion will not be reversed absent

a clear abuse of discretion.’” Thompson, 106 A.3d at 754. “Evidence that is

not relevant is not admissible.” Pa.R.E. 402. “[R]elevant evidence may . . .

be excluded ‘if its probative value is outweighed by the danger of unfair

prejudice[.’]” Commonwealth v. Owens, 929 A.2d 1187, 1190 (Pa. Super.

2007).

The evidence that Appellant possessed the medication was relevant to

the charge of disorderly conduct, as it explained why Deputy Fratto questioned

Appellant and why Appellant was, by his own admission, upset. N.T.,

10/25/17, at 19 (“I was pretty upset because it was a legal prescription.”).

There was no evidence that Appellant possessed it illegally; Appellant

repeatedly testified that he had a valid prescription. In any event, Appellant

was not prejudiced because, as the trial court repeatedly stated on the record,

the fact that Appellant possessed the medication had no bearing on the court’s

finding that Appellant’s disruptive and profanity-laden behavior constituted

disorderly conduct. N.T., 10/31/17, at 6-7. This issue also lacks merit.

In sum, as we conclude that all of Appellant’s claims are meritless, we

affirm the judgment of sentence.

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Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 5/30/2018

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