Amy Baker v. Chelsea Baker and Dakota Baker

COURT OF APPEALS
SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
FORT WORTH

NO. 02-18-00051-CV

AMY BAKER APPELLANT

V.

CHELSEA BAKER AND DAKOTA APPELLEES
BAKER

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FROM THE 96TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY
TRIAL COURT NO. 096-293112-17

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MEMORANDUM OPINION1

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I. INTRODUCTION

In one issue, Appellant Amy Baker challenges the trial court’s order

dismissing her partition lawsuit for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. We will

reverse and remand.

1
See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
 II. BACKGROUND

Amy and John Todd Baker2 were divorced by decree on September 22,

2015. The divorce decree did not divide Amy’s and J. Todd’s community

interests in a house located at 404 Sage Lane, Euless, Texas 76039 (the

Property).

J. Todd died on May 21, 2017, leaving behind two adult children,

Appellees Chelsea Baker and Dakota Baker. On July 7, 2017, Amy filed an

original petition in the 96th District Court of Tarrant County, seeking a partition of

the Property on the theory that because J. Todd died intestate, his interest in the

Property immediately vested in Appellees, leaving them with a one-half

ownership interest in addition to Amy’s one-half ownership interest.

On July 10, 2017, Appellees filed an application for independent

administration of J. Todd’s estate in Probate Court No. 2 of Tarrant County.

Appellees then filed a motion in the 96th District Court seeking dismissal of

Amy’s partition lawsuit for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. Appellees argued

that Probate Court No. 2 had exclusive jurisdiction over all causes of action

related to the now-pending administration of J. Todd’s estate. After Amy filed a

response, the 96th District Court signed an order dismissing Amy’s partition

lawsuit.

The briefs refer to John Todd Baker as “J. Todd.” We adopt this usage.
2

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 On appeal, Amy raises a single issue challenging the dismissal of her

partition suit for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.

III. APPLICABLE LAW

Whether a court has subject-matter jurisdiction is a question of law subject

to our de novo review. Tex. Dep’t of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d

217, 226 (Tex. 2004); Tex. Natural Res. Conservation Comm’n v. IT–Davy, 74

S.W.3d 849, 855 (Tex. 2002). “Subject[-]matter jurisdiction is ‘essential to a

court’s power to decide a case.’” City of Houston v. Rhule, 417 S.W.3d 440, 442

(Tex. 2013) (quoting Bland ISD v. Blue, 34 S.W.3d 547, 554 (Tex. 2000)).

The Texas Property Code provides that “[a] joint owner or a claimant of

real property or an interest in real property may bring an action to partition the

property or interest in a district court of a county in which any part of the property

is located.” Tex. Prop. Code Ann. § 23.002 (West 2014). Thus, “[j]urisdiction of

suits for partition of real estate lies in the District Court.” Ray v. Ray, 234 S.W.2d

933, 934 (Tex. Civ. App.—Eastland 1950, no writ). But a district court’s

jurisdiction over partition suits is not exclusive. See Eris v. Giannakopoulos, 369

S.W.3d 618, 620–21 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. dism’d) (“The

language of section 23.002 does not indicate a legislative intent that district

courts have exclusive jurisdiction over partition actions; rather, the use of the

word ‘may’ demonstrates a permissive, rather than mandatory, procedure.”).

Pursuant to the Texas Estates Code, “A cause of action related to the

probate proceeding must be brought in a statutory probate court unless the

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jurisdiction of the statutory probate court is concurrent with the jurisdiction of a

district court as provided by [s]ection 32.007 or with the jurisdiction of any other

court.” Tex. Est. Code Ann. § 32.005(a) (West 2014) (emphasis added). A

“probate proceeding” includes an application, petition, motion, or action regarding

estate administration, id. § 31.001(4) (West 2014), and a claim “related to the

probate proceeding” includes an action for trial of the right to property that is

estate property. Id. § 31.002(a)(6), (c); see also Wallace v. Wallace, No. 05-17-

00447-CV, 2017 WL 4479653, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas Oct. 9, 2017, no pet.)

(mem. op.). However, to trigger a statutory probate court’s exclusive subject-

matter jurisdiction over a cause “related to the probate proceeding,” a probate

proceeding must already be pending. See Schuld v. Dembrinski, 12 S.W.3d 485,

487 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2000, no pet.) (recognizing that “a court empowered with

probate jurisdiction may only exercise its probate jurisdiction over ‘matters

incident to an estate’[3] when a probate proceeding relating to such matter is

already pending in that court” (quoting Bailey v. Cherokee Cty. Appraisal Dist.,

862 S.W.2d 581, 585 (Tex. 1993) (op. on reh’g))); Garza v. Rodriguez, 18

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The current estates code provides a statutory probate court jurisdiction
over a cause of action “related to the probate proceeding,” Tex. Est. Code Ann.
§ 32.005(a), whereas the former probate code provided jurisdiction for “all
matters incident to an estate.” Act of May 14, 2001, 77th Leg., R.S., ch. 63, § 1,
sec. 5(e), 2001 Tex. Sess. Law Serv. Ch. 63 (Vernon’s), repealed by Act of May
29, 2011, 82d Leg., R.S., ch. 1338, § 1.42(b), 2011 Tex. Sess. Law Serv. 3884,
3905 (West). This wording change does not alter our analysis for purposes of
this appeal; nor do the parties so contend. See 29 Tex. Jur. 3d Decedents’
Estates § 801 (2014) (attributing no substantive difference to wording change).

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S.W.3d 694, 698 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2000, no pet.) (“[B]efore a matter can

be regarded as incident to an estate . . . a probate proceeding must actually be

pending.”).

In light of the foregoing, courts have repeatedly concluded that a district

court and a probate court can possess concurrent subject-matter jurisdiction over

a variety of suits, including partition suits. See, e.g., Schuld, 12 S.W.3d at 487

(holding statutory probate court did not have exclusive jurisdiction over partition

suit); Goodwin v. Kent, 745 S.W.2d 466, 469 (Tex. App.—Tyler 1988, no writ)

(concluding both district court and county court sitting in probate have at least

“theoretical” authority to hear and decide a title issue regarding real property); cf.

Tovias v. Wildwood Props. P’ship, L.P., 67 S.W.3d 527, 529 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no pet.) (holding “[n]either [probate nor district] court

had exclusive subject[-]matter jurisdiction” over wrongful death suit but that “each

had concurrent subject[-]matter jurisdiction”).

IV. ANALYSIS

Amy filed her partition suit in the 96th District Court on July 7, 2017. Three

days later, Appellees filed an application for independent administration of J.

Todd’s estate in Probate Court No. 2. Thus, the 96th District Court had subject-

matter jurisdiction over Amy’s partition suit when she filed it. See Tex. Prop.

Code Ann. § 23.002; Ray, 234 S.W.2d at 934. Yet Appellees’ motion to dismiss

Amy’s partition suit did not address the legal significance of the fact that no

probate proceeding was pending at the time Amy filed her partition suit. Instead,

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Appellees’ motion to dismiss Amy’s first-filed partition suit for lack of jurisdiction is

premised on the assertion that the 96th District Court lacks subject-matter

jurisdiction over Amy’s partition suit because of the subsequently-filed application

for administration of J. Todd’s estate. We cannot agree.

A statutory probate court’s exclusive subject-matter jurisdiction over a

related cause of action under section 32.005 of the estates code is triggered

when a probate proceeding is pending at the time the allegedly related cause of

action is filed. See Schuld, 12 S.W.3d at 487 (holding statutory probate court did

not have exclusive subject-matter jurisdiction over partition lawsuit because

probate statute providing for exclusive subject-matter jurisdiction was “not

triggered” when no probate proceeding was taking place or pending when

partition suit was filed); Garza, 18 S.W.3d at 698. Because no probate

proceeding was pending at the time Amy filed her partition suit, the exclusive-

subject-matter-jurisdiction provision of section 32.005 was not triggered.

Therefore, we hold that the 96th District Court erred by dismissing Amy’s

partition suit for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction, and we sustain Amy’s sole

issue.4

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When a district court and probate court have concurrent subject-matter
jurisdiction over a cause of action, “the issue is one of dominant jurisdiction,” and
“filing a dilatory plea in abatement is the proper method for drawing a court’s
attention to another court’s possible dominant jurisdiction[.]” See In re Puig, 351
S.W.3d 301, 305 (Tex. 2011) (orig. proceeding). However, no party has filed a
plea in abatement or properly raised this issue in the trial court, so the question
of dominant jurisdiction is not properly before us. See Tovias, 67 S.W.3d at 529
(reversing and remanding without deciding whether a plea in abatement should
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 V. CONCLUSION

Having sustained Amy’s sole issue, we reverse the trial court’s dismissal

order and remand the case for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

/s/ Sue Walker
SUE WALKER
JUSTICE

PANEL: SUDDERTH, C.J.; WALKER and MEIER, JJ.

DELIVERED: September 6, 2018

be granted because it would depend on what occurred in the trial court and
“[t]hose evidentiary and discretionary matters are for the district judge, not us, to
decide”).

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