J-S27013-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
HAROLD K. CRONER, JAMES E. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
CRONER, AND JONATHAN H. : PENNSYLVANIA
CRONER :
:
:
v. :
:
:
SAMUEL G. POPOVICH AND CATHY J. : No. 1232 WDA 2018
POPOVICH, HUSBAND AND WIFE, :
JOSEPH POPOVICH, SINGLE, AND :
FRANK POPOVICH, JR. SINGLE :
:
Appellants
Appeal from the Order Entered August 21, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Somerset County Civil Division at
No(s): No. 221 Civil 1991
BEFORE: OLSON, J., OTT, J., and COLINS*, J.
MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED JUNE 7, 2019
Appellants, Samuel G. Popovich and Cathy J. Popovich, husband and
wife, Joseph Popovich and Frank Popovich, Jr., appeal from the order entered
on August 21, 2018. We affirm.
As the trial court explained:
On May 15, 1991, Plaintiffs, Harold K. Croner[, James E.
Croner, and Jonathan H. Croner (hereinafter, collectively,
“the Croners”), filed a Petition for Appointment of Fence
Viewer [(hereinafter “the Petition”),] pursuant to the
provisions of 29 P.S. § 41.[1] The Petition concerned the
____________________________________________
1 We quote 29 P.S. § 41 at pages 11-12 of this memorandum. At this point,
we merely note that Section 41 “addresses the sharing of costs for [line or
division] fences constructed on farms and ranches” and the procedure by
____________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S27013-19
repair and reconstruction of a division fence that marks the
boundary between the adjacent [lands of the Croners and
Appellants]. . . . At the time of the Petition, the fence was
alleged to be over [21] years old and [] had fallen into
disrepair. [The Croners] wished to repair or replace the fence
and receive reimbursement from [Appellants] for one-half of
the attendant costs pursuant to 29 P.S. § 41. . . .
The [trial court] entered an order on May 15, 1991[,]
appointing Roland Fogle as the Fence Viewer in accordance
with [Section 41]. Fogle conducted a field viewing of the line
fence on May 23, 1991 and began reconstructing the
boundary line. Fogle then prepared a Report and Probable
Cost Estimate regarding the repair or reconstruction of the
fence. On or about April 20, 1992, [Appellants] began
reconstruction of a replacement fence as close as possible to
the sketch prepared by Fogle in his report. [The Croners
were] dissatisfied with the placement and sufficiency of the
replacement fence[] and filed a Notice of Objection to the
placement of Fence Line with the [trial] court on March 14,
1995. Nearly three years later, [the Croners] filed a Motion
Directing [Appellants] to Reconstruct Fence Line in
Accordance with Viewer’s Certificate. Thereafter, the case
was inactive and continued until a hearing was held on [the
Croners’ Motion Directing Appellants to Reconstruct Fence
Line in Accordance with Viewer’s Certificate].
[The trial court] issued a memorandum and order on
September [20,] 2016[,] granting in part [the Croners’]
motion and also denying it in part. [The trial court] held that
[Appellants] had, in fact, not constructed the replacement
fence along the originally marked certificate line at certain
sections, but that (a) the replacement fence was sufficient for
the purpose of containing livestock, (b) the deviations from
the certificate line were either necessary (due to the presence
of a [15-]foot spoil bank on the certificate line, over which
the fence physically could not be built) or were de minimis
(in the case of three- to four-foot deviations from the
____________________________________________
which one landowner may compel an adjoining landowner to share in the costs
of repairing or replacing an insufficient line or division fence. Fogle v.
Malvern Courts, Inc., 722 A.2d 680, 684 (Pa. 1999); 29 P.S. § 41.
-2-
J-S27013-19
certificate line), and (c) [the Croners] had enjoyed the benefit
of the sufficient replacement fence from the time that it was
constructed in 1992 until it was damaged in June 2014, or
[22] years later. . . .
Additionally, as a result of [the fence’s] age and [the]
damage to the fence wires, [the trial court] held in the
[September 20, 2016] memorandum and order that the
fence had once again become insufficient for its intended
purpose of containing livestock[. The trial court] ordered
another report detailing a fence viewing, a survey, a
determination as to whether the fence was again in need of
repair or replacement, and the estimated costs associated
therewith [(hereinafter “the Fence Viewer’s Report”). The
trial court] authorized [the Croners] to repair or replace the
fence where necessary in accordance with the Fence Viewer’s
Report, and ordered [Appellants] to pay for one-half of the
costs, minus a credit to [Appellants] of $579.86. This credit
represented one-half of the cost previously incurred by
[Appellants] in constructing the replacement fence in 1992,
and for which, pursuant to 29 P.S. § 41, [the Croners were]
responsible.
Trial Court Opinion, 11/19/18, at 1-3 (some capitalization omitted).
Appellants filed a notice of appeal from the trial court’s September 20,
2016 order and claimed that the trial court erred in holding that Appellants
had “a duty to pay any portion of the erection and maintenance of a line fence
when they do not keep livestock on their property.” Croner v. Popovich,
175 A.3d 1042 (Pa. Super. 2017) (unpublished memorandum) at 2, appeal
denied, 179 A.3d 4 (Pa. 2018). On August 1, 2017, a panel of this Court
affirmed the trial court’s order on the merits. We concluded that, pursuant to
29 P.S. § 41 and the Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s opinion in Fogle v.
Malvern Courts, Inc., 722 A.2d 680 (Pa. 1999), Appellants were obligated
to pay for one-half of the cost of the line fence. Croner v. Popovich, 175
-3-
J-S27013-19
A.3d 1042 (Pa. Super. 2017) (unpublished memorandum) at 1-10, appeal
denied, 179 A.3d 4 (Pa. 2018). The Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied
Appellants’ petition for allowance of appeal on January 11, 2018. Id.
The Croners then “had the fence reconstructed along the line set forth
by the surveyor.” See the Croners’ “Motion to Establish Damages and Compel
Payment” (hereinafter “Motion to Compel”), 6/5/18, at ¶ 4.
On June 5, 2018, the Croners filed their Motion to Compel. Within the
motion, the Croners requested that the trial court order Appellants to pay
$5,175.24, as that amount constituted Appellants’ “one-half [] share of the
fence reconstruction costs.” Motion to Compel, 6/5/18, at ¶ 11 and
“Wherefore” Clause. Further, the Croners attached a “cost share calculation”
to their Motion to Compel. See id. at Exhibit “A”. The cost share calculation
declared that the total fence replacement expenses comprised $7,484.20 in
engineering costs and $4,026.00 in labor and materials. Id. After allowing
for Appellants’ $579.86 court-ordered credit, the cost share calculation stated
that Appellants’ one-half share of the fence replacement costs was $5,175.24.
Id.
The trial court scheduled argument on the Motion to Compel for August
21, 2018. Trial Court Order, 6/11/18, at 1.
On August 21, 2018, the trial court heard argument on the Croners’
Motion to Compel. During the argument, the Croners’ attorney (hereinafter
“the Croners’ Attorney”) referred the court to the Fence Viewer’s Report, which
-4-
J-S27013-19
was prepared by Registered Professional Land Surveyor John Joseph Cenkner,
Jr. This report declared:
FENCE VIEWER’S REPORT
Line Fence Between
James E. Croner and Jonathan H. Croner, Owners
& Samuel Popovich, et al, Owners
Brothersvalley Township, Somerset County, PA
I, JOHN JOSEPH CENKNER, JR., a Registered Professional
Land Surveyor, do hereby certify that:
1. On Tuesday, November 22, 2016, I have viewed and
examined the line fence as it currently exists separating the
property of Messrs. James E. Croner and Jonathan H. Croner,
co-owners, and the property of Samuel G. Popovich and
Cathy J. Popovich, husband and wife, Joseph Popovich,
single, and Frank Popovich, Jr., single, owners, located in
Brothersvalley Township, Somerset County. I performed my
fence viewing for the purposes of determining the status of
the line fence as directed by Order dated September 19,
2016, of the Court of Common Pleas of Somerset County, PA,
case 221 Civil 1991.
2. I viewed and examined the fence line, assisted by Ms.
Jeanne Johnson, also of R.D. Fogle Engineering. My fence
viewing began at approximately 9:00 a.m. and ended at
approximately 11:00 a.m. on November 22, 2016. Messrs.
James E. Croner and Jonathan H. Croner were present during
my fence viewing, along with two representatives from a
fence contracting company.
3. Based upon my viewing on November 22, 2016, I have
concluded that the line fence is beyond repair and is in need
of reconstructing along its entire length of 1278 ft. The entire
fence is in very poor condition. The fence posts are
deteriorated and/or rotting and the barbed wire strands are
badly rusted or missing in several sections. The age of the
fence is approximately [25] years and in my professional
opinion has outlived its useful life and is no longer sufficient
to contain livestock.
-5-
J-S27013-19
4. I have estimated probable costs of reconstructing the line
fence as set forth in EXHIBIT A attached to this Report.
...
Fence Viewer’s Report, 5/17/17, at 1 (bolding omitted).
During the August 21, 2018 argument, the Croners’ Attorney attested
that “the actual cost of the [fence] reconstruction [by Green Mountain
Construction] was [$4,027.26]” and that Appellants’ “one-half share of the
construction costs is $2,013.” N.T. Argument, 8/21/18, at 4-5. Further, the
Croners’ Attorney attested that Appellants were also responsible for paying
$3,742.10, which constituted “one-half of the adjusted engineering fee.” Id.
After subtracting Appellants’ allowable credit, the Croners’ Attorney requested
that the trial court order Appellants to pay a total of $5,175.24 for their
one-half share of the cost of reconstructing the fence. Id. at 5.
At argument, Appellants’ counsel (hereinafter “Appellants’ Counsel”)
objected to or contested the Fence Viewer’s Report on three grounds. First,
Appellants’ Counsel declared: “[m]y client did not receive [the Fence Viewer’s
Report] until today; and, quite frankly, my client objects – or objects to that
report being used as for not having time to respond to that report.” Id. at 6.
Second, Appellants’ Counsel claimed that the Fence Viewer’s Report was
inaccurate, as “not all portions of that fence were unusable.” Id. Finally,
Appellants’ Counsel argued that 29 P.S. § 41 limits the Fence Viewer’s fee to
$25.00; therefore, Appellants’ Counsel argued, even if Appellants were
obligated to pay for one-half of the line fence reconstruction costs, the
engineering fee was capped at $25.00. Id. at 6-7.
-6-
J-S27013-19
The Croners’ Attorney responded to Appellants’ Counsel’s arguments.
First, the Croners’ Attorney informed the trial court: “my file reflects that . .
. [the Fence Viewer’s Report] had been previously provided to [Appellant’s
Counsel] in correspondence dated August of last year when we gave notice
that we were intending to begin construction [of the fence] in the near future.”
Id. at 8. In support of this assertion, the Croners’ Attorney read the court a
letter, dated August 22, 2017, which he sent to Appellants’ Counsel. The
Croners’ Attorney stated that the letter read:
It’s been 11 months since [the trial court] entered an order.
The [Croners] were permitted to repair the fence pursuant to
the Fence Viewer [R]eport previously supplied to you. Please
consider that your client knows that my client . . . [does]
intend to begin construction on that fence.
Id. at 9 (some capitalization omitted).
As to Appellants’ claim that the engineering fees are statutorily capped
at $25.00, the Croners’ Attorney argued that, while 29 P.S. § 41 limits a
surveyor’s fees to $25.00 when the surveyor is “acting as a fence viewer,” the
statute does not limit all engineering fees. Id. at 10-11. The Croners’
Attorney argued that, in this case, the engineer was required to reestablish
the “certificate line” over which the line fence would follow. Id. Further, the
Croners’ Attorney argued, the engineering work performed in this case cost a
substantial amount money, was not included in the surveyor’s duties as a
“fence viewer,” and, pursuant to 29 P.S. § 41, must be shared between the
Croners and Appellants as the cost of the line fence. See id.
-7-
J-S27013-19
At the end of the argument, the trial court concluded that: “the Fence
Viewer’s [R]eport was provided to [Appellants] in a reasonable time frame and
that [Appellants] had notice of the findings of the report and the proposed
work to be done;” the $25.00 cap only applied to the surveyor’s duties as a
“fence viewer” – not to all of the engineering work necessary for
reconstructing the fence; and, Appellants were liable to the Croners in the
amount of $5,175.24. Id. at 13-17.
Appellants filed a timely notice of appeal. They number four claims in
their statement of questions presented:2
[1.] When the [trial] court did not hear testimony as to
whether or not the [Croners] had served the Appellants with
the Fence Viewer Report prior to the hearing, did the [trial]
court commit a procedural error, err as a matter of fact and
law, was arbitrary and capricious and based the [trial] court’s
decision on facts not supported by the record when the [trial]
court determined that the Appellants had received said
document without said facts being properly placed and
admitted into the record?
[2.] Did the [trial] court violate the Appellants' due process
rights when the [trial] court admitted the Fence Viewer
Report into the record without testimony of an expert witness
and a hearing to allow the Appellants to cross examine
witnesses and experts, when the Appellants lodged a timely
objection that was overruled by the [trial] court that the
Appellants did not previously receive the report?
[3.] When the Appellants did not receive the Fence Viewer
Report prior to the construction of the fence as required by
29 P.S. [§] 41, did the [trial] court commit a procedural error,
err as a matter of fact and law, was arbitrary and capricious
and based the [trial] court’s decision on facts not supported
____________________________________________
2 For ease of discussion, we have re-numbered Appellants’ claims on appeal.
-8-
J-S27013-19
by the record when the [trial] court ruled that the Appellants
had obeyed the statute?
[4.] Did the [trial] court err as a matter of law and fact, was
arbitrary and capricious, and based the [trial] court’s decision
on facts not supported by the record when the [trial] court
awarded the [Croners] the cost of surveying of the fence line,
when 29 P.S. [§] 41 allows for the charge of the surveyor to
provide a report of the fence line not to survey the property
lines?
Appellants’ Brief at 2-4 (some capitalization omitted).
Appellants’ first two claims on appeal contend that the trial court erred
when it did not hold an evidentiary hearing on: “whether or not [Appellants]
received the [Fence Viewer’s] Report prior to” the August 21, 2018 argument
and the actual merits of the case. See id. at 8-11 and 15-17. These claims
are waived.
At no time prior to or during the August 21, 2018 argument did
Appellants’ Counsel ever object to the current matter being adjudicated
through argument and attorney attestations - and at no time did Appellants’
Counsel ever demand a hearing on any matter before the trial court. See N.T.
Argument, 8/21/18, at 1-17; see also Trial Court Order, 6/11/18, at 1 (the
trial court order clearly scheduled the matter for an August 21, 2018 argument
– not a hearing). Therefore, Appellants waived any appellate claim that the
trial court erred when it did not hold an evidentiary hearing on either the
merits of the case or the issue of whether Appellants received the Fence
Viewer’s Report prior to the August 21, 2018 argument. State Farm Mut.
Auto. Ins. Co. v. Dill, 108 A.3d 882, 885 (Pa. Super. 2015) (en banc) (“[i]t
-9-
J-S27013-19
is axiomatic that in order to preserve an issue for appellate review, a party
must make a timely and specific objection at the appropriate stage of the
proceedings before the trial court. Failure to timely object to a basic and
fundamental error will result in waiver of that issue. On appeal, we will not
consider assignments of error that were not brought to the tribunal's attention
at a time at which the error could have been corrected or the alleged prejudice
could have been mitigated”) (quotations, citations, and corrections omitted);
Commonwealth v. Chamberlain, 30 A.3d 381, 405 (Pa. 2011) (defendant
waived appellate review of state due process claim that was not directly raised
before the trial court); Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“[i]ssues not raised in the lower court
are waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”).
For Appellants’ third claim on appeal, Appellants argue that the trial
court erred when it accepted the Fence Viewer’s Report, as the Croners “did
not produce the Report until the day of the” argument. Appellants’ Brief at
12. According to Appellants, this caused them unfair surprise and prejudice,
as they were “unable to produce an expert report to refute the report of” the
Croners. Id. at 14.
Appellants’ claim on appeal immediately fails because the trial court
specifically concluded that “the Fence Viewer’s [R]eport was provided to
[Appellants] in a reasonable time frame and [Appellants] had notice of the
findings of the report and the proposed work to be done.” N.T. Argument,
8/21/18, at 14. On appeal, Appellants do not claim that the trial court erred
in arriving at this factual conclusion. See Appellants’ Brief at 11-15. Rather,
- 10 -
J-S27013-19
Appellants simply ignore the trial court’s express factual finding and base their
entire argument upon the faulty premise that the Croners “did not produce
the Report until the day of the” argument. See id. Since Appellants’ claim is
based upon a fundamentally erroneous proposition, the claim necessarily fails.
Finally, Appellants claim that the trial court erred when it “awarded [the
Croners] the cost of surveying [] the fence line, when 29 P.S. § 41 allows for
. . . the surveyor to provide a report of the fence line[,] not to survey property
lines.” Appellants’ Brief at 4 and 17. This claim fails.
29 P.S. § 41, entitled “Division fences; proceedings to compel erection
or part payment,” provides:
From and after the passage of this act, owners of improved
and occupied land shall erect and maintain an equal part of
all line or division fences between them, nor shall any such
owner be relieved from liability under the provisions of this
act except by the consent of the adjoining owner. And if any
owner of such improved and occupied land shall fail or neglect
to erect or maintain his, her, or their share of such line or
division fence the party aggrieved shall notify the county
surveyor or, if there is no county surveyor in the county, then
a county surveyor of any adjoining county, or, if the county
surveyor in any adjoining county refuses to act, a surveyor
appointed by a judge of the court of common pleas, who shall
act as a fence viewer and whose duty it shall be to examine
such line or division fence, so complained of; and if he finds
said fence sufficient, the complainant shall pay the cost of his
service; but if he finds such fence insufficient, he shall so
report to a justice of the peace[fn.1] or alderman, residing in
the county where such fence is located, designating points
and distances of such fence, whether a new fence is required
or whether the old one can be repaired, and the probable
costs of a new, or the repair of the old, fence; and said justice
or alderman shall notify the delinquent owner of such
improved and occupied land of the surveyor's report, and that
his part of said fence, as found by the surveyor, be erected
- 11 -
J-S27013-19
or repaired within forty days from the date of such notice;
and if such notice be not complied with, the aggrieved party
may cause said line or division fence to be erected or
repaired, and the costs thereof collected, including the charge
of the surveyor, from the delinquent owner of such improved
and occupied land, as other debts are collected by law. The
surveyor shall be entitled to such payment for acting as a
fence viewer as he may fix, not, however, exceeding twenty-
five dollars. Where the surveyor reports that he finds the
fence complained of sufficient, the amount payable to the
surveyor shall be paid by the complainant, but where he
reports the fence insufficient, the amount payable to him
shall be paid by the delinquent owner of such improved or
occupied land: Provided, That no owner of improved land
shall be compelled to build or repair fence during the months
of December, January, February, and March: And provided
further, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to
apply to railroad companies.
[fn.1] Now magisterial district judge. See 2004, Nov. 30,
P.L. 1618. No. 207, § 28(1).
29 P.S. § 41.
Our Supreme Court explained the history and purpose behind
Pennsylvania’s Fence Law:
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, almost every
landowner kept some form of livestock on his property and
the common law did not require such landowners to fence
their land in the absence of an agreement between the
adjoining owners. However, the common law did encourage
landowners to fence their properties by applying the rule of
strict liability for any damages caused by their animals if they
trespassed onto another's land. Eventually, many states,
including Pennsylvania, enacted laws combining a duty to
fence with the concept of strict liability to create a firm set of
rules which would prevent disputes concerning the liability for
damages to crops or other property caused by livestock.
Specifically, the only discernible purpose of Pennsylvania's
Fence Law has been to resolve disputes involving trespassing
livestock. This purpose is indicated in the preamble of the
first such law:
- 12 -
J-S27013-19
For preventing all disputes and differences that may arise
through the neglect or insufficiency of fences in this
province and counties annexed, Be it enacted, that all
cornfields and grounds kept for enclosures . . . shall be
well fenced. . . .
1700 Pa. Laws 13, § 1.
Fogle v. Malvern Courts, Inc., 722 A.2d 680, 682-683 (Pa. 1999)
(quotations and citations omitted).
On appeal, Appellants claim that 29 P.S. § 41 limits the surveyor’s
permissible actions in any proceeding under the Fence Law. See Appellants’
Brief at 18-19. Specifically, Appellants claim, the language of Section 41 limits
the surveyor’s permissible actions to the mere “inspect[ion of] the condition
of the fence.” Id. at 18. According to Appellants, the surveyor in this case
exceeded his statutory authority by conducting a “survey [of] the property
line.” Id. Appellants claim that, since “[t]he surveyor did more than review
the condition of the fence line . . . and surveyed the property line, which is
not covered by the statute,” the surveyor exceeded his statutory authority
and the trial court erred in requiring Appellants to pay for one-half of the
surveyor’s fee. Id. at 18-19. This claim cannot succeed.
At the outset, we note that – while Section 41 defines the duties of a
surveyor who is “act[ing] as a fence viewer” – Section 41 does not, in any
way, limit a surveyor’s general authority to act. We further note that Section
41 only places a $25.00 cap on surveyor fees when the surveyor is “acting
as a fence viewer.” Id. (emphasis added). Thus, the statute does not cap
- 13 -
J-S27013-19
the fees that a surveyor may charge for surveying and engineering work that
fall outside of his express and statutorily-delineated duties as “fence viewer.”
See id.
Within Appellants’ brief, Appellants acknowledge that the engineering
fee was for work that fell outside of the surveyor’s statutorily-delineated duties
as “fence viewer.” Appellants’ Brief at 18 (“[t]he statute states that the
[surveyor’s] ‘duty shall be to examine such line or division fence,’ meaning
the surveyor is to examine the fence line and report on the condition of the
fence. . . . The surveyor did more than review the condition of the fence line,
the surveyor surveyed the property line, which is not covered by the statute”).
Therefore, on appeal, we assume (without deciding) that the engineering fee
was for work that fell outside of the surveyor’s duties as a “fence viewer.”
See Steiner v. Markel, 968 A.2d 1253, 1256 (Pa. 2009) (“[the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court] has consistently held that an appellate court cannot reverse
a trial court judgment on a basis that was not properly raised and preserved
by the parties”).
Given the posture of this case, Appellants’ claim that the trial court erred
in requiring that they share in the engineering costs simply cannot succeed.
To be sure, Section 41 demands that owners of adjacent land share, equally,
in the costs of erecting, repairing, and maintaining a line fence. See 29 P.S.
§ 41. Where surveying or engineering work is necessary to erect or repair a
line fence – and where that work falls outside of the surveyor’s
statutorily-defined duties as a fence viewer – the fees for that work must
- 14 -
J-S27013-19
necessarily be shared equally between the land owners, just as the land
owners must share, equally, in the labor and material costs for the fence.
Certainly, whatever the label, the fees for the work constitute “the costs” of
erecting or repairing the fence. See id. Appellants’ claim to the contrary fails.
Order affirmed. Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 6/7/2019
- 15 -