NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.
IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE
In Re The Matter Of:
JASON REA, Petitioner/ Appellee,
v.
FRANCHESCA GARZA, Respondent/Appellant.
No. 1 CA-CV 18-0757 FC
FILED 8-22-2019
Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. FC2018-092629
The Honorable Andrew J. Russell, Judge Pro Tempore
JURISDICTION ACCEPTED; RELIEF DENIED
COUNSEL
Franchesca Garza, Glendale
Respondent/Appellant
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Presiding Judge Samuel A. Thumma delivered the decision of the Court, in
which Judge Randall M. Howe and Chief Judge Peter B. Swann joined.
REA v. GARZA
Decision of the Court
T H U M M A, Judge:
¶1 Franchesca1 Garza (Mother) appeals from an order
establishing legal decision-making, parenting time and child support,
arguing the superior court ignored evidence regarding the best interests of
the child and erred in awarding Jason Rea (Father) joint custody. Treating
Mother’s notice of appeal as a petition for special action, this court accepts
jurisdiction. Because the superior court found the order was in the best
interests of the child after properly considering applicable statutory factors,
relief is denied.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2 Mother and Father, who have never been married, co-
parented F.R. (born in 2008) for nearly a decade with minimal court
involvement. Over time, animosity developed between the parents and, in
July 2018, Father filed a petition to establish legal decision-making,
parenting time and child support. An August 2018 court-appointed advisor
report contained allegations (deemed unsubstantiated at the time) by both
parents about the other regarding substance abuse, domestic violence and
unfit living conditions.
¶3 Later in August 2018, given concerns about substance abuse,
the court ordered the parents to submit to drug testing. Mother’s came back
negative, while Father’s was positive for cocaine. In September 2018, the
court suspended Father's parenting time. In October 2018, the court ordered
Father to submit drug tests twice a week for six months and provided him
two hours of supervised parenting time per week.
¶4 After an evidentiary hearing later in October 2018, the court
ordered joint legal decision-making and physical custody. Mother was
awarded primary custody and Father was awarded parenting time three
weekends a month with holidays and breaks being equally divided
between the parents. Objecting to the parenting time allocated in that
October 2018 order, Mother (who is self-represented) timely filed a notice
of appeal.
1We amend the caption to reflect the correct spelling of Mother’s first name.
All future pleadings shall use the amended caption.
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Decision of the Court
DISCUSSION
¶5 The October 2018 order is not an appealable order because it
did not address the issue of child support, which was resolved in December
2018. Ariz. R. Fam. Law P. 78(b) (2018).2 Mother did not file an amended
notice of appeal after child support was resolved. Accordingly, this court
lacks appellate jurisdiction over Mother’s purported appeal from the
October 2018 order. See id; Ariz. Rev. Stat. (A.R.S.) § 12-2101(A)(1).
¶6 Although this court lacks appellate jurisdiction, Mother’s
original notice of appeal was timely and, from the record, it does not appear
that Mother has “an equally plain, speedy, and adequate remedy by
appeal.” Ariz. R.P. Spec. Act. 1(a). Moreover, the issues Mother seeks to
raise implicate the best interests of a child. See Dep’t of Child Safety v. Beene,
235 Ariz. 300, 303 ¶ 7 n.5 (App. 2014) (after finding appellate jurisdiction
lacking, sua sponte accepting special action jurisdiction, “because the best
interests of the children [were] implicated”). Accordingly, in this court’s
discretion, Mother’s notice of appeal is, sua sponte, treated as a petition for
special action relief and this court accepts special action jurisdiction. See
A.R.S. § 12-120.21(A)(4); Ariz. R.P. Spec. Act. 1(a).
¶7 Father did not file an answering brief, which could be
considered a confession of error. Gibbons v. Indus. Comm’n, 197 Ariz. 108,
111 ¶ 8 (App. 1999). This court may, however, exercise its discretion to
waive this general rule and address the merits of an appeal absent an
answering brief. Id. Because this case implicates the best interests of a child,
this court addresses Mother’s arguments on the merits and does not
construe Father’s failure to file an answering brief as a confession of error.
¶8 Turning to the merits of Mother’s arguments, Mother’s
opening brief does not comply with Ariz. R. Civ. App. P. 13 in material
respects, including its lack of citations to the record and applicable legal
authority. See Ariz. R. Civ. App. P. 13(a)(7). Those failures could be
construed as waiver by Mother. See Flood Control Dist. v. Conlin, 148 Ariz.
66, 68 (App. 1985). Similarly, to the extent Mother has provided on appeal
evidentiary materials not provided to the superior court, this court declines
to consider those materials. See GM Dev. Corp. v. Cmty. Am. Mortg. Corp.,
165 Ariz. 1, 4 (App. 1990). Moreover, because Mother did not provide a
transcript of the October 2018 evidentiary hearing, this court presumes that
2Absent material revisions after the relevant dates, statutes and rules cited
refer to the current version unless otherwise indicated.
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REA v. GARZA
Decision of the Court
transcript would support the October 2018 order. See Myrick v. Maloney, 235
Ariz. 491, 495 ¶ 11 (App. 2014).
¶9 Quite apart from these procedural issues with Mother’s
appeal, she has not shown error in the entry of the October 2018 order. This
court reviews the superior court’s orders regarding legal decision-making,
parenting time and child support for an abuse of discretion, Nold v. Nold,
232 Ariz. 270, 273 ¶ 11 (App. 2013); McNutt v. McNutt, 203 Ariz. 28, 30 ¶ 6
(App. 2002), viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to upholding
the orders, In re Marriage of Friedman & Roels, 244 Ariz. 111, 113 ¶ 2 (2018).
This court will not reweigh evidence on appeal. See Alma S. v. Dep’t of Child
Safety, 245 Ariz. 146, 151 (2018) (citing cases); Borg v. Borg, 3 Ariz.App. 274,
277 (1966).
¶10 By statute, absent evidence to the contrary, it is in a child’s
best interests “[t]o have substantial, frequent, meaningful and continuing
parenting time with both parents” and “[t]o have both parents participate
in decision-making about the child.” A.R.S. § 25-103(B). Parenting time is to
be determined “in accordance with the best interests of the child,”
considering “all factors that are relevant to the child’s physical and
emotional well-being, including” those enumerated in A.R.S. § 25-403(A).
A.R.S. § 25-403. In contested legal decision-making and parenting time
matters, the court is required to make “specific findings on the record about
all relevant factors and the reasons for which the decision is in the best
interests of the child.” A.R.S. § 25-403(B). These requirements exist “not
only to aid an appellant and the reviewing court, but also for a more
compelling reason—that of aiding all parties and the family court in
determining the best interests of the child or children both currently and in
the future.” Reid v Reid, 222 Ariz. 204, 209 ¶ 18 (App. 2009). A failure to
make the required findings is error. Nold, 232 Ariz. at 273 ¶ 11.
¶11 Along with the section 25-403(A) factors, “[i]f the court
determines that a parent has abused drugs or alcohol or has been convicted
of any drug offense . . . within twelve months before the petition or the
request for legal decision-making or parenting time is filed, there is a
rebuttable presumption that sole or joint legal decision-making by that
parent is not in the child’s best interests.” A.R.S. § 25-403.04. To determine
whether that presumption is rebutted, the court “at a minimum” is required
to consider evidence of the following:
1. The absence of any conviction of any other
drug offense during the previous five years.
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REA v. GARZA
Decision of the Court
2. Results of random drug testing for a six
month period that indicate that the person is not
using drugs as proscribed by title 13, chapter 34.
3. Results of alcohol or drug screening provided
by a facility approved by the department of
health services.
A.R.S. § 25-403.04(B).
¶12 As applied here, in determining parenting time, the court
recounted the testimony from the parents, the child, and the court-
appointed advisor relevant to its determination and made thorough
findings as to all factors enumerated in section 25-403(A). The court’s
findings and its weighing of those findings to determine best interests
indicates that none of the statutory factors weighed heavily in favor of
either parent. Moreover, when specifying the parenting time schedule, the
court stated the reasons the schedule was in F.R.’s best interests.
¶13 Because Father tested positive for cocaine, the court also
considered the substance abuse factors in section 25-403.04 and found
Father had rebutted the presumption created by his drug use. While not
mentioned specifically in Mother’s brief, the fact that Father’s positive drug
test was just two months before the October 2018 order is a factor favoring
Mother. Although the statute lists six months of drug tests as a factor, it
requires only that the court consider this evidence when available; it does
not prevent the court from finding that a parent rebutted the presumption
even without six months of negative drug test results. Moreover, after
considering the substance abuse factors, the court conditioned Father’s
parenting time on his continuing to provide negative drug test results,
expressing a concern about Father’s ability to make decisions if he was
continuing to use drugs. The court found the parenting arrangement
reflected in the October 2018 order appropriately protects and is in the best
interests of the child.
¶14 In short, the court made specific findings about all the factors
set forth in section 25-403; addressed Father’s substance abuse as required
by section 25-403.04 and found Father had rebutted the presumption that
joint legal decision-making was not in the child’s best interests. The court
then analyzed the findings and provided reasons why the decision was in
the best interests of the child. On this record, Mother has not shown the
October 2018 order was error. Accordingly, this court denies relief
regarding the October 2018 order. Mother also requests reimbursement of
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REA v. GARZA
Decision of the Court
fees and costs in this appeal under A.R.S. § 25-324(A), which requires this
court to consider “the financial resources of both parties and the
reasonableness of the positions each party has taken throughout the
proceedings.” A.R.S. § 25-324(A). Neither party took unreasonable
positions before the superior court and Father did not participate in this
appeal. Additionally, Mother has not shown how any of the factors in
A.R.S. § 25-324(B) apply. Having considered the relevant financial evidence
in the record, Mother’s request for fees and costs is denied.
CONCLUSION
¶15 Treating Mother’s notice of appeal as a petition for special
action, this court accepts jurisdiction but denies relief.
AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA
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