IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 19-1296
Filed November 27, 2019
IN THE INTEREST OF J.W. and J.W.,
Minor Children,
J.W., Father,
Appellant.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Kimberly Ayotte (no-
contact order) and Lynn Poschner (adjudication and disposition), District Associate
Judges.
A father appeals the child-in-need-of-assistance adjudication concerning
his children. AFFIRMED.
Daniel M. Northfield, Urbandale, for appellant father.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee State.
Yvonne Naanep, Des Moines, attorney and guardian ad litem for minor
children.
Considered by Potterfield, P.J., Doyle, J., and Danilson, S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2019).
2
DANILSON, Senior Judge.
A father appeals the child-in-need-of-assistance (CINA) adjudication
concerning his children. The father did not preserve error on his claim a forensic
interview was improperly admitted into evidence. We affirm the juvenile court
decisions adjudicating the children to be CINA and denying the father’s request to
cancel a protective order.
I. Background Facts & Proceedings
J.W., father, and M.W., mother, are parents of J.W., born in 2016, and J.W.,
born in 2018. The mother’s other children, S.V. and J.T., also lived in the home.
In January 2019, S.V., who was then fourteen years old, alleged she had been
sexually abused by the father. She stated he placed his hand, mouth, and penis
on her genital area. The father denied the sexual abuse. At the request of the
Iowa Department of Human Services, the father left the family home. The juvenile
court issued a no-contact order prohibiting the father from having contact with the
children. There were no allegations of neglect or abuse of J.T., J.W., or J.W.
The State filed a CINA petition. On March 29, the father filed a motion
seeking to cancel the no-contact order. He also filed a motion asking for dismissal
of the CINA proceedings. On April 2, the no-contact order was amended to permit
the father to have supervised visitation with J.W. and J.W.
On June 6, the juvenile court entered a CINA adjudication for all of the
children under Iowa Code section 232.2(6)(c)(2) (2019); S.V. was also adjudicated
under section 232.2(6)(d). The juvenile court found, “[The father] is not credible.”
The juvenile court stated, “[The father] is a threat to the safety of all of the children
due to his abuse of [S.V.] and his refusal to participate in any services or address
3
the abuse he has perpetrated.” The children remained in the care of the mother.
The court denied the father’s requests to cancel the no-contact order and dismiss
the CINA proceedings.
After the CINA dispositional order, the father appealed the juvenile court’s
orders as they pertain to J.W. and J.W., his biological children.
II. Standard of Review
Our review of CINA proceedings is de novo. In re L.H., 904 N.W.2d 145,
149 (Iowa 2017). “[T]he State bears the burden of proving its allegations by clear
and convincing evidence.” Id. “‘Clear and convincing evidence’ means there are
no serious or substantial doubts as to the correctness [of] conclusions of law drawn
from the evidence.” In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 492 (Iowa 2000) (citation omitted).
Our primary concern is the best interests of the children. In re J.S., 846 N.W.2d
36, 40 (Iowa 2014).
III. Forensic Interview
During the CINA hearing, a forensic interview of S.V. was admitted. The
father claims the interview should have been excluded because “[i]t was a violation
of the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.” The
father objected to the exhibit on the grounds of hearsay and lack of foundation.
The juvenile court admitted the exhibit. We determine the father failed to preserve
error on his constitutional claim because it was not raised before the juvenile court.
“Under our rules of civil procedure, an issue which is not raised before the juvenile
court may not be raised for the first time on appeal.” In re M.A.F., 679 N.W.2d 683,
4
685 (Iowa Ct. App. 2004). We conclude the father has failed to preserve error on
the constitutional claim he raises on appeal.1
IV. Sufficiency of the Evidence
The father claims there is not sufficient evidence in the record to support
the juvenile court’s CINA adjudication of J.W. and J.W. He asserts the State did
not establish that he sexually abused S.V. by clear and convincing evidence. The
validity of the claimed sexual abuse was highly controverted. We acknowledge
some of the evidence suggested it may be a false claim, but other evidence
supported the claim. However, we cannot alter the adjudication of S.V. in this
proceeding but may consider whether S.V.’s adjudication pursuant to section
232.2(6)(d)2 necessitates an adjudication of J.W. and J.W. under section
232.2(6)(c)(2).3
If we would independently review the merits of S.V.’s sexual-abuse
allegations and conclude they are true or rely upon S.V.’s adjudication in her
separate proceeding, we would have no difficulty concluding the father and mother
failed to exercise a reasonable degree of care in supervising the children. Both
children were in the household when the sexual abuse allegedly occurred, and the
youngest child was very close in proximity.
1
Additionally, the Iowa Supreme Court has ruled “the Sixth Amendment Confrontation
Clause does not apply to civil CINA proceedings.” In re E.H., 578 N.W.2d 243, 246 (Iowa
1998). Therefore, the father is not entitled to relief on his constitutional claim, even if the
issue had been preserved for appeal.
2
Section 232.2(6)(d) applies to a child “[w]ho has been, or is imminently likely to be,
sexually abused by the child’s parent, guardian, custodian, or other member of the
household in which the child resides.”
3
Section 232.2(6)(c)(2) applies when a child “has suffered or is imminently like to suffer
harmful effect as a result of . . . [t]he failure of the child’s parent, guardian, custodian, or
other member of the household in which the child resides to exercise a reasonable degree
of care in supervising the child.”
5
The question then becomes whether the children are “imminently likely to
suffer harmful effects” by a parent or another member of the household. Iowa
Code § 232.2(6)(c)(2). The Iowa Supreme Court recently examined its past case
law and concluded the phrase “imminently likely” must be liberally construed to
prevent probable harm. L.H., 904 N.W.2d at 150. In reaching this conclusion, the
court noted,
To illustrate, we have previously upheld the CINA adjudication of an
eight-year-old boy under Iowa Code section 232.2(6)(d) where the
record showed the father “exceeded all bounds of sexual propriety
between himself, his daughter and her eight-year-old friend” yet did
not exceed those bounds with the boy. In re D.D., 653 N.W.2d 359,
361 (Iowa 2002). In that case, the boy denied that his father had
ever inappropriately touched him. But the father admitted to climbing
into the bathtub to encourage his young daughter and her friend “to
soap his chest and stomach and then slide down his body,” and the
daughter admitted that this activity had occurred on other occasions.
Id. at 360–61. In finding that the boy was in imminent danger, we
took note of “the common sense notion that, ordinarily, all siblings
are at risk when one child has been sexually abused.” Id. at 362.
L.H., 904 N.W.2d at 150.
Although the supreme court was interpreting the phrase “imminently likely”
in subsection (d) of section 232.2(6) in L.H., we conclude the same liberal
construction should be given to the same phrase in subsection (c) of section
232.2(6). Moreover, the “common sense notion” that all siblings are at risk would
be equally applicable to both subsections (c) and (d) We acknowledge J.W. and
J.W. are much younger than S.V., but we feel compelled to follow the conclusions
reached in both D.D., 653 N.W.2d at 361, and L.H., 904 N.W.2d at 150, that all
siblings are at risk when one of the siblings in the home has been sexually abused.
Even if we reach the merits of S.V.’s sexual abuse allegations and
determine the allegations are false, we remain convinced J.W. and J.W. were
6
properly adjudicated CINA. In reaching this conclusion, we have reviewed the
expansive record de novo and find several reasons to be concerned about
probable harm to these children. We do not limit ourselves to the question
concerning the validity of the allegations because the record lacks any indication
the State relied solely upon that issue.
Presently there is much family upheaval because of the family’s
circumstances and the allegations. The evidence depicts a household with few
boundaries and little attention to both the mental health of S.V. and the mental and
physical health of J.T. The latter child has been the victim of physical altercations,
threats, and mental abuse inflicted by S.V. The mother also acknowledged the
children spend at least every other weekend in the care of their grandparents. The
mother acknowledged that for about the past five years during these visits, the
grandfather sleeps on the floor in the same bedroom as S.V. She also expressed
concern that the grandfather seems obsessed with S.V. Add to this environment
the fact that S.V. was caught viewing pornography on the computer and has made
sexual abuse allegations in the past towards others, including the father’s brother.
The latter allegation was clearly proven false as the father’s brother was not
present when the sexual abuse allegedly occurred, even though the allegations
were vivid and detailed. Notwithstanding the false allegation, S.V. was left in the
care of the father while the mother went to work and at a time when S.V. clearly
was in need of more therapy. To the mother’s credit and perhaps the father’s as
well, S.V. had received some therapy in the past, but the mother acknowledged
S.V. had struggled with her mental health since school started months before the
allegations surfaced.
7
We acknowledge none of these concerning facts relate directly to the safety
and well-being of J.W. and J.W. Yet the inattention to proper boundaries and
inattention to the mental health and physical safety of older siblings place the
younger children, J.W. and J.W., at imminent risk. We also find alarming that
before S.V. was removed from the home, J.T. expressed concern that the mother
should lock her door at night or otherwise she may be stabbed by S.V.
Adjudication and intervention is necessary for the safety of all children.
Accordingly, we affirm the CINA adjudication of J.W. and J.W.
V. Protective Order
The father claims the protective order as it pertains to J.W. and J.W. should
be rescinded. He states he should not be prohibited from having contact, except
for supervised visitation, with his own children as there was no evidence of harm
to them.
In reviewing this issue de novo, we must consider the best interests of the
children. J.S., 846 N.W.2d at 40. We have stated in the past, “[u]ntil the root of
the abusive behavior is resolved, all children in the home remain at risk of imminent
harm.” In re D.B., No. 17-0740, 2017 WL 4317337, at *6 (Iowa Ct. App. Sept. 27,
2017). However, in D.B., the evidence of physical abuse of one child was
overwhelming, a fact not existing here. See 2017 WL 4317337, at *2. The root of
the behavior here may be the father’s sexual misconduct or S.V.’s
acknowledgment that the conduct did not occur and her need for mental-health
counseling. At least the latter is not out of the realm of possibility, unlike in D.B.
The father’s difficulty is the fact another child, J.T., who is only a few years
younger than S.V., also resides in the family home, and we are unable in these
8
proceedings to vacate the protective order as it concerns J.T. Although the risk of
harm to the father’s young biological children may not be as great as the risk to
J.T., we decline to vacate the protective order. The juvenile court retains authority
to determine if and when the protective order should be rescinded or modified for
these two children.
We affirm the decisions of the juvenile court as they relate to J.W. and J.W.
AFFIRMED.