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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
A.C.S. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant :
:
:
v. :
:
:
L.A.W. : No. 1507 WDA 2019
Appeal from the Order Entered October 3, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County Civil Division at
No(s): 2013-2018-D
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., BOWES, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
DISSENTING MEMORANDUM BY PELLEGRINI, J.: FILED JUNE 8, 2020
The Majority vacates the trial court’s custody order granting L.A.W.
(Mother) primary physical custody of the parties’ autistic son (Child) (born
4/07/17) and permitting Mother to relocate with Child to her parents’ residence
in Naples, Florida, and remands for a custody hearing so that both parties can
adduce evidence relevant to an award of primary physical custody, either with
A.C.S. (Father) in Pennsylvania or Mother in Florida.
It does so because it finds that the trial court misled Father by (1) stating
that proceedings did not implicate his primary physical custody petition when it
did, and (2) stating that it was going to order a custody evaluation and it did not
do so. Because I disagree with the Majority that the trial court, in any way,
misled Father by deciding custody solely in the relocation proceeding or
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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precluded Father from requesting a custody evaluation of both Mother and
Father, presuming that he wanted them to occur, I respectfully dissent.
I.
The Majority finds that the trial court erred in awarding primary physical
custody to Mother because it advised Father that only the relocation proceeding
was before that court and failed to address the competing petitions for primary
physical custody and relocation collectively in entering the order. However, that
was what the trial court initially envisioned how the matter would be resolved
but could not do so at the insistence of Father’s counsel so the only matter before
the trial court was the Mother’s relocation petition.
By way of background, at the beginning of proceedings on April 26, 2019,
the trial court expressly told the parties that it would address both Father’s
petition for primary physical custody and Mother’s petition to relocate, both of
which were pending before the court. (Reproduced Record (R.R.) 23a.).
However, at the July 11, 2019 hearing, in a truly headache-inducing colloquy
between Father’s counsel and the trial court, some of which Majority recounts,
the trial court stated that it always considered the matter consolidated and it
could not see how Father would benefit by bifurcating the matter. (R.R. 754a).
Father’s counsel repeatedly insisted that only the relocation matter was before
the trial court, and the trial court stated it did not understand counsel’s position
but wanted to be fair. (R.R. 758a). After lunch, when court resumed, the trial
court revisited the matter, stating “I guess as a temporary matter, I am granting
your motions and we are going to proceed with the relocation proceeding and
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would you please do so.” Father’s counsel responded “Yes, Sir”. (R.R. 768a).
So, at his insistence, Father’s custody petition was not before the court, just the
relocation proceeding.
However, that does not mean that custody was not before the trial court;
it is always at issue in the relocation proceeding. Specifically, 23 Pa.C.S.
§ 5337(g)(4) provides that: “If the court approves the proposed relocation, it
shall: (i) modify any existing custody order; or (ii) establish the terms and
conditions of a custody order.” This provision requires the trial court, once it
approves relocation, to modify the custody order. It did so here.
This means the Majority, vacating the trial court’s modification of the
custody order and remanding for a custody hearing where both parties can
adduce evidence relevant to an award of primary physical custody, either with
Father in Pennsylvania or Mother in Florida, is improper. First, what the Majority
is doing is impermissibly reversing the trial court’s order granting relocation
when there is no dispute that the issue was properly before it. The Majority
apparently does so because the trial court modified the existing custody order
without hearing Father’s petition for custody. In so doing, it fails to appreciate
that 23 Pa.C.S. § 5337(g)(4) gives the trial court the power to do so within a
relocation proceeding. Second, that is what Father requested.
In granting Mother’s request to relocate to Naples, Florida, in accordance
with 23 Pa.C.S. § 5337(g)(4), the trial court continued to grant primary physical
custody of Child to Mother, but modified the previous order giving Father
unsupervised partial physical custody in a progressive weekly schedule to one
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granting him partial physical custody of Child for one week per month. In
support of its order, the trial court issued a well-reasoned opinion, addressing
all the factors required to be considered in determining whether to permit
relocation as well as setting forth the reasons for modifying custody. It appears
that Father’s Petition for Custody is still before the trial court and there is nothing
to preclude Father from moving forward on that Petition.1
II.
The other basis on which the Majority vacates the trial court’s order is that
it accepts Father’s position that the court failed to follow through by failing to
enter an order directing custody evaluations. In arriving at its decision, the
Majority chastises the trial court for purportedly inaccurately stating in its opinion
that the parties failed to pursue a custody evaluation because it ignores that it
stated, on the record, that it would order a custody evaluation. More context is
needed to understand the reasoning behind the trial court’s explanation than
what the Majority provides.
At the April 11, 2019 hearing before the trial court was Father’s Motion for
Psychiatric Examination of Mother. The trial court, after noting that it would not
approve psychiatric evaluation, after explaining how custody evaluations are
conducted, suggested that those be performed on Father and Mother instead of
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1 Father does not contend that he was unable to present any evidence at the
hearing. In fact, a review of the transcript demonstrates that testimony was
largely about custody, with Father’s testimony about the matter spanning
hundreds of pages in a record that contains thousands of pages.
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just on Mother. Father’s counsel stated that while she understood, Father was
requesting a psychiatric evaluation of Mother. The trial court deferred the matter
to the next hearing. (R.R. 9a-10a).
At the next hearing on April 23, 2019, Father’s counsel renewed the
request for psychiatric exams which the trial court refused to grant, but did state
that it was going to order custody evaluations, again something that Father
never requested. Because the trial court did not follow through with an Order,
the Majority remands the matter to the trial court for custody evaluations.
What the Majority ignores is that the trial court was correct in that neither
party then pursued custody evaluations. It is true that the trial court said it was
going to issue an order and never did; there were nine hearings between June
10, 2019, and August 6, 2019, and the final order was not entered until October
2, 2019. Father never sought custody evaluations. Perhaps he did not seek
custody evaluations because it was not the psychiatric evaluation that he
requested for Mother only or perhaps he did not want to subject himself or his
family to a custody evaluation. The plain fact is that the trial court is correct
that Father did not request a custody evaluation during that period.
More importantly, in vacating and remanding on that basis, the Majority
rewards Father’s counsel for neglecting to bring to the court’s attention that it
failed to issue the order for custody evaluations. If Father truly wanted custody
evaluations, he should have brought the matter back to the trial court for such
an order and remind it that it was going to enter an order. Simply, we should
not reward Father by vacating the award when it was his counsel’s lack of
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diligence or trial tactic that resulted in the lack of custody evaluations, assuming
they were truly desired.
I also note that the Majority’s resolution of this issue, though erroneous,
would not vacate the grant of relocation but only the custody determination.
For the foregoing reasons, I respectfully dissent.
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