FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
JUN 15 2020
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
RUDY ARBILDO VALDIZAN, No. 18-70722
Petitioner, Agency No. A202-012-521
v.
MEMORANDUM*
WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted June 11, 2020**
Before: HAWKINS, GRABER, and BYBEE, Circuit Judges.
Petitioner Rudy Arbildo Valdizan, a native and citizen of Peru, seeks review
of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ ("BIA") final order, on remand from this
court, affirming the immigration judge’s ("IJ") denial of his request for relief under
the Convention Against Torture ("CAT"), and of the BIA’s prior decision
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
affirming the IJ’s denial of his requests for asylum and withholding of removal.
We deny the petition.
1. Substantial evidence supports the adverse credibility finding. Shrestha v.
Holder, 590 F.3d 1034, 1039 (9th Cir. 2010). We must uphold an adverse
credibility determination if substantial evidence supports even one ground relied
on. Rizk v. Holder, 629 F.3d 1083, 1088–89 (9th Cir. 2011).
The BIA permissibly relied on the inconsistency that the IJ identified
between Petitioner’s hearing testimony and his sworn statement to a United States
Customs and Border Protection agent. At his hearing, Petitioner testified that
smugglers kidnapped and robbed him and then forced him to use a fake
identification card to apply for admission to the United States. But in his sworn
statement, Petitioner said that he paid a smuggler in Mexico to take him to New
York and used the fake identification because he needed to escape from Peru, and
the smugglers gave him an identification card to do so. The IJ did not have to
accept Petitioner’s evasive and unresponsive explanations for the inconsistency.
See Cortez-Pineda v. Holder, 610 F.3d 1118, 1124 (9th Cir. 2010).
Petitioner’s admission that he lied to a United States consular officer about
his living situation in Peru and about his reason for visiting the United States when
he applied for a visa also provides substantial evidence for the adverse credibility
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determination. See Singh v. Holder, 643 F.3d 1178, 1181 (9th Cir. 2011) (holding
that a petitioner’s choice to lie to immigration authorities "always counts as
substantial evidence supporting an adverse credibility finding, unless the lie falls
within the narrow Akinmade [v. INS, 196 F.3d 951 (9th Cir. 1999)] exception").
The Akinmade exception does not apply because Petitioner did not testify, or
present other evidence, that he lied "in order to flee his place of persecution or
secure entry into the United States." Akinmade, 196 F.3d at 955.
Petitioner was the sole witness in support of his application, so his asylum
and withholding claims depended on his credible testimony. The BIA’s denial of
those claims is, thus, supported by substantial evidence.
2. Substantial evidence also supports the BIA’s determination that Petitioner
did not demonstrate eligibility for CAT relief. See Shrestha, 590 F.3d at 1048–49
(stating standard of review and CAT standard).
First, substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that the past harm
Petitioner suffered did not amount to torture as defined by the CAT regulations. 8
C.F.R. § 1208.18(a). Although Petitioner suffered harm because of his sexual
orientation, only the incidents of sexual abuse rose to the level of torture. See
Avendano-Hernandez v. Lynch, 800 F.3d 1072, 1079 (9th Cir. 2015) (holding that
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rape and sexual abuse due to a person’s sexual orientation rise to the level of
torture). But that abuse was at the hands of private citizens.
Second, substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that Petitioner
did not show that any future torture Petitioner might suffer would be done with the
consent or acquiescence of the Peruvian government. 8 C.F.R. § 1208.18(a)(1).
Petitioner testified that, on one occasion, police refused to take a report from
Petitioner because of his sexual orientation. That incident, however, did not
involve harm that rose to the level of torture. And, on another occasion, police did
respond and take a report when Petitioner sought their help regarding a domestic
assault between Petitioner’s friend and same-sex partner. Thus, the record does not
compel the conclusion that the government would acquiesce in future torture. See
Garcia-Milian v. Holder, 755 F.3d 1026, 1034 (9th Cir. 2014) (describing standard
of proof for government acquiescence).
Third, the documentary evidence that Petitioner submitted could support a
conclusion that some members of the gay community in Peru are tortured with the
government’s acquiescence, but the record does not compel the conclusion that
Petitioner would more likely than not face a "particularized threat" of torture if he
returned to Peru. Dhital v. Mukasey, 532 F.3d 1044, 1051 (9th Cir. 2008) (per
curiam).
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Finally, because nothing in the record suggests that the BIA failed to
consider all the evidence and because there is no requirement that it discuss every
piece of evidence, we accept the general statement that the BIA considered all the
evidence before it. Cole v. Holder, 659 F.3d 762, 771–72 (9th Cir. 2011).
3. Reviewing de novo, Ibarra-Flores v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 614, 620 (9th
Cir. 2006), we hold that the IJ did not deprive Petitioner of his due process right to
a full and fair hearing. The IJ asked open ended questions, allowed Petitioner the
opportunity to elaborate, and asked follow-up questions that successfully elicited
more detailed testimony from Petitioner. Moreover, Petitioner has not shown
substantial prejudice because the aspects of his testimony on which he relies would
not have affected the adverse credibility finding. See Lata v. INS, 204 F.3d 1241,
1246 (9th Cir. 2000) (noting that a petitioner must show error and substantial
prejudice to succeed on a due process challenge). Finally, the IJ did not exhibit
bias against Petitioner.
PETITION DENIED.
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