IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
DTE Energy Company, Inc. :
and Old Republic Insurance :
Company, :
Petitioners :
:
v. : No. 418 C.D. 2020
: Submitted: September 18, 2020
Workers’ Compensation Appeal :
Board (Weatherby), :
Respondent :
BEFORE: HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge1
HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
HONORABLE CHRISTINE FIZZANO CANNON, Judge
OPINION
BY PRESIDENT JUDGE LEAVITT FILED: January 28, 2021
DTE Energy Company, Inc. and Old Republic Insurance Company
(collectively, Employer) petition for review of an adjudication of the Workers’
Compensation Appeal Board (Board) that granted Jeffrey Weatherby’s (Claimant)
petition for penalties under the Workers’ Compensation Act (Act).2 In doing so, the
Board affirmed the decision of the Workers’ Compensation Judge (WCJ) that
Employer had violated the Act by not paying certain medical expenses related to
Claimant’s 1988 work injury. Upon review, we affirm.
Background
On March 21, 1988, Claimant sustained a work injury. Employer
accepted liability in a notice of compensation payable (NCP) that identified the work
1
This case was assigned to the opinion writer before January 4, 2021, when Judge Leavitt
completed her term as President Judge.
2
See Section 435 of the Workers’ Compensation Act, Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended,
added by the Act of February 8, 1972, P.L. 25, 77 P.S. §991.
injury as a “Leg/Back” injury. Certified Record (C.R.), Item 24, at 1. Claimant
continued working until July 17, 1988, and then collected total and partial disability
benefits sporadically until March 7, 1994, at which time he returned to work for a
different employer. Accordingly, Claimant’s disability benefits were suspended as
of March 13, 1995.
On December 3, 2015, Claimant and Employer entered into a
Compromise and Release (C&R) Agreement, which provided that Employer
remained responsible for certain medical bills incurred to treat Claimant’s
“Leg/Back” work injury. C.R., Item 19, at 5. The C&R Agreement addressed the
question of Employer’s liability for Claimant’s August 9, 2014, low back fusion
surgery as follows:
There is currently pending a petition for penalties relative to
medical treatment in the nature of fusion surgery at L1-L2
through S1 performed August 9, 2014. This C&R does not
resolve or dispose of the issue brought by that petition, i.e.,
whether the August 9, 2014 surgery and related expenses are
causally related to the March 21, 1988 injury and therefore, the
responsibility of Employer....
C.R., Item 19, at 7 (emphasis added).
In January 2016, WCJ Cheryl Ignasiak denied Claimant’s penalty
petition, holding that Employer was not liable for Claimant’s 2014 low back surgery.
In so concluding, WCJ Ignasiak credited the opinion of Thomas Kramer, M.D., that
Claimant had attained maximum medical improvement as of May 2009, at which
time surgery was found not to be needed. Specifically, WCJ Ignasiak found, as fact,
the following:
Based on the October 13, 2014 and January 15, 2015 medical
reports of Dr. Thomas Kramer, M.D., this [WCJ] finds as fact
that Dr. Kramer evaluated [C]laimant in May 2009 regarding the
2
March 21, 1988 work injury. Dr. Kramer also performed
updated record reviews regarding whether the surgery in August
2014 was related to the work injury that occurred 26 years prior.
This [WCJ] accepts Dr. Kramer’s medical opinion there is no
clear cut correlation of a need for the surgery that was performed
in August 2014 to the work injury of March 1988. By May 2009,
[C]laimant had achieved his maximum degree of medical
improvement and no surgery was recommended or needed.
Thus, the surgery performed August 19, 2014[3] was not related
to the work injury of March 21, 1988. There is no further
treatment that is necessary or that can be expected in the future
relative to the low back condition as a result of the March 21,
1988 work event.
WCJ Ignasiak Decision, Finding of Fact (F.F.) No. 4; C.R., Item 25, at 5 (emphasis
added).
On May 9, 2018, Claimant filed the instant penalty petition, alleging
that Employer violated the Act by not paying for medical expenses related to
Claimant’s 1988 work injury. In response, Employer maintained that the doctrine
of collateral estoppel barred Claimant’s new penalty petition because WCJ Ignasiak
had found, as fact, that Claimant had reached maximum medical improvement and
that “no further treatment [] is necessary” for his 1988 work injury. Id. The new
penalty petition was assigned to WCJ Steven Minnich.
In support of his penalty petition, Claimant testified that since his 1988
work injury, he has had several surgeries, including a spinal fusion at L4-S1 in
September 1988 and an implantation of a spinal cord stimulator in 2009. In March
1994, he returned to work as a respiratory therapist with a different employer, but in
May 2014, he left for neck surgery and has not worked since. He has since been
3
While the C&R Agreement stated that Claimant’s back surgery was performed on August 9,
2014, WCJ Ignasiak’s decision and the medical records provided that the surgery was performed
on August 19, 2014.
3
diagnosed with adhesive arachnoiditis. Claimant’s neck and low back surgeries
performed in 2014 were determined to be unrelated to his 1988 work injury.
Claimant continues to treat with Dr. Abraham Kabazie for pain
management with different courses of pain medications. Claimant also receives
trigger point injections in his low back and legs. His wife’s health insurer has paid
for these medications because Employer denied liability.
Claimant testified that he has not been treated for his neck since the
2014 surgery. On cross-examination, Claimant admitted that he was involved in a
motor vehicle accident in September 2016, which caused neck, shoulder and arm
pain. The medications Dr. Kabazie prescribed for his back pain have also relieved
these pain symptoms. Claimant also admitted that he has had pseudo gout arthritis,
which causes pain.
Claimant presented an April 30, 2018, report issued by Robert
Bernstein, M.D., his primary care physician. Dr. Bernstein opined that Claimant’s
chronic back pain was the “direct result” of the 1988 work injury. C.R., Item 13, at
2. Specifically, Dr. Bernstein attributed Claimant’s back pain to a myelogram
performed in 1988 to assess his work injuries, which caused an inflammatory
condition called chronic lumbar arachnoiditis. Dr. Bernstein opined that Claimant’s
chronic back pain is permanent and “can only be treated with supportive care. The
prognosis remains poor as this is expected to continue throughout the course of
[Claimant’s] life.” Id. at 1.
Claimant also presented Dr. Bernstein’s medical notes of 2016 and
2017; an undated letter from Dr. Kabazie; and numerous medical bills and records
relating to Claimant’s pain treatment and prescription medicines between 2016 and
2018.
4
Employer submitted the medical records relating to Claimant’s low
back surgery of August 2014.
WCJ Minnich’s Decision
WCJ Minnich granted Claimant’s penalty petition. In doing so, the
WCJ credited Claimant’s testimony, which he found consistent with the medical
records reporting pain symptoms primarily related to Claimant’s neck, shoulder and
arm but also to his low back. The WCJ found that the medication and trigger point
injections treated Claimant’s back and leg, for which Employer accepted liability in
1988. The WCJ explained that Employer had the burden to show that the disputed
treatment was not related to the accepted work injury, and it failed to do so. WCJ
Minnich Decision at 6, Conclusion of Law No. 3 (citing Kurtz v. Workers’
Compensation Appeal Board (Waynesburg College), 794 A.2d 443 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2002)); C.R., Item 5, at 6.
WCJ Minnich found WCJ Ignasiak’s statement in her 2016 decision
that no further treatment would be needed for Claimant’s 1988 low back work injury
to be “mere dicta at best, with no legal import or binding effect.” WCJ Minnich
Decision at 6, Conclusion of Law No. 3; C.R., Item 5, at 6. The only issue before
WCJ Ignasiak was whether Claimant’s August 2014 low back fusion surgery was
work-related, as set forth in the C&R Agreement. The parties did not have an
opportunity to litigate the issue of “future medical treatment” of Claimant’s 1988
work injury before WCJ Ignasiak. Nevertheless, WCJ Minnich found that Employer
presented a reasonable contest “based upon a good faith interpretation of [WCJ]
Ignasiak’s [d]ecision.” WCJ Minnich Decision at 7, Conclusion of Law No. 6; C.R.,
Item 5, at 7.
5
WCJ Minnich ordered Employer to pay the outstanding medical
expenses at issue and assessed a 20% penalty against Employer on the medical bills,
after repricing. Employer appealed to the Board and argued that Claimant’s penalty
petition was barred on the ground of collateral estoppel and that WCJ Minnich erred
in granting the penalty petition. The Board affirmed.
Appeal
On appeal,4 Employer raises three issues for our consideration.5 First,
Employer argues that WCJ Minnich was collaterally estopped from holding
Employer liable for the medical treatment of Claimant’s back and leg, after WCJ
Ignasiak had previously determined that his work injury required no further
treatment. Second, Employer argues that the Board erred in placing the burden on
Employer to prove that the medical expenses at issue were not related to Claimant’s
work injury. Even so, the record demonstrated “a lack of connection between the
treatment at issue [and] the 1988 work injury.” Employer Brief at 16. Stated
otherwise, the Board’s finding that the medical expenses at issue treated Claimant’s
work injury was not supported by substantial evidence. Finally, Employer argues
that the Board erred in imposing a 20% penalty. We address these issues seriatim.
4
In reviewing an order of the Board, this Court must determine “whether the necessary findings
of fact are supported by substantial evidence, whether Board procedures were violated, whether
constitutional rights were violated, or whether an error of law was committed.” City of
Philadelphia v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Brown), 830 A.2d 649, 653 n.2 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2003). “Substantial evidence” has been defined as such relevant evidence that a
reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a finding. Mrs. Smith’s Frozen Foods Co. v.
Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Clouser), 539 A.2d 11, 14 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1988).
5
On June 8, 2020, Employer requested a stay of the payment of Claimant’s medical expenses,
which this Court granted. It found that Employer met the standards set forth in Pennsylvania
Public Utility Commission v. Process Gas Consumers Group, 467 A.2d 805 (Pa. 1983). Notably,
should Employer prevail, there was a possibility of duplicate payment of the medical costs because
the Supersedeas Fund cannot reimburse a health insurer.
6
I. Collateral Estoppel
Employer argues that WCJ Ignasiak’s 2016 decision that “[C]laimant
had achieved his maximum degree of medical improvement” and that “no further
treatment [is] necessary [or] can be expected in the future relative to the low back
condition as a result of the March 21, 1988 work event” precluded WCJ Minnich’s
decision in the instant case. Employer Brief at 12-13 (citing WCJ Ignasiak Decision,
F.F. No. 4; C.R., Item 25, at 5). In deciding Claimant’s penalty petition, WCJ
Ignasiak considered whether Claimant’s 2014 medical treatment was causally
related to his 1988 work injury. Because Claimant did not appeal WCJ Ignasiak’s
finding that Claimant needed no further medical treatment for his work injury, her
decision is final and cannot be relitigated.
Claimant counters that WCJ Ignasiak’s finding on future medical
treatment was not essential to the judgment she rendered in her decision. Although
WCJ Ignasiak denied Claimant’s penalty petition and found Employer not liable for
the August 2014 surgery, she did not find that Claimant fully recovered from the
work injury.
Under the collateral estoppel doctrine, “a determination of fact in a
prior action is deemed conclusive between parties in a subsequent action, provided
that the fact was actually litigated in the prior action, was essential to the judgment,
and was determined by valid and final judgment.” Reif v. Workers’ Compensation
Appeal Board (Funks Hauling Service), 700 A.2d 1362, 1364 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1997).
“Where the second action between the same parties is upon a different claim or
demand, the judgment in the prior action operates as an estoppel in the second action
only to those matters in issue[.]” Patel v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board
7
(Sauquoit Fibers Co.), 488 A.2d 1177, 1179 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1985) (quotations
omitted).
In Reif, the employer filed a termination petition alleging that the
claimant was fully recovered from his work-related “right and left calf, right hip,
right shoulder and neck contusion.” 700 A.2d at 1363. The claimant’s medical
witnesses opined that the work injury led to post-concussion syndrome and post-
traumatic psychosis.6 The referee denied the employer’s termination petition,
modified the claimant’s benefits to partial disability, and ordered the employer to
pay the medical bills including those for psychological counseling.
Nine years later, the claimant filed a penalty petition when the employer
refused to pay certain medical bills. The employer filed a petition for review of
medical treatment, alleging that the claimant sought payment for treatment of a
psychiatric condition unrelated to his work-related injury. The WCJ dismissed the
penalty petition on the ground that the psychiatric bills were not related to the work
injury. The Board affirmed.
On further appeal, this Court reversed on grounds of collateral estoppel
because the question of whether the claimant’s psychic injury was causally related
to his work injury had been litigated before the referee. Further, it “was essential to
[the referee’s] judgment, otherwise medical bills for psychological counseling and
treatment would not have been paid and, in part, the existence of that condition
caused [the employer’s] termination petition to be denied.” Reif, 700 A.2d at 1364.
The referee’s order was unappealed and final; as such, the same issue could not be
relitigated before the WCJ. Id.
6
WCJs were previously referred to as referees under the Act. See Section 401 of the Act, amended
by the Act of July 2, 1993, P.L. 190, 77 P.S. §701 (the term referee shall mean a WCJ and any
reference to a workmen’s compensation referee shall be deemed to be a reference to a WCJ).
8
Here, the issue raised in Claimant’s penalty petition before WCJ
Ignasiak was whether Employer violated the Act by refusing to pay for Claimant’s
2014 low back fusion surgery, an issue expressly preserved in the C&R Agreement.
WCJ Ignasiak concluded that the surgery was not causally related to the work injury
because, inter alia, Claimant had attained maximum medical improvement in May
2009. Implicit to this finding was that a non-work-related back problem necessitated
the surgery. WCJ Ignasiak then found that “[t]here is no further treatment that is
necessary or that can be expected in the future relative to the low back condition as
a result of the March 21, 1988 work event.” WCJ Ignasiak Decision, F.F. No. 4;
C.R., Item 25, at 5.
However, maximum medical improvement “is not the same as full
recovery.” Arvilla Oilfield Services, Inc. v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board
(Carlson), 91 A.3d 758, 765 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2014). Maximum medical improvement
means that the claimant’s condition has become “static or stable,” but continued
palliative care, such as treatment of pain, may be required. Id. (quoting Combine v.
Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (National Fuel Gas Distribution Corp.), 954
A.2d 776, 781 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008)). Essential to WCJ Ignasiak’s decision was her
finding that Claimant’s maximum medical improvement precluded surgical
treatment. WCJ Ignasiak also found that Claimant’s 1988 work injury would not
need future treatment and this would include palliative treatment such as the
prescription medications and trigger point injections that are at issue here.
Whatever necessitated Claimant’s surgery in 2014, it was adjudicated
not to be his 1988 work injury. However, WCJ Ignasiak did not identify that
condition. Although close, we conclude that WCJ Ignasiak’s finding that Claimant
9
did not need further medical treatment for his 1988 work injury was not essential to
her judgment that Employer was not liable for the 2014 back surgery.
Accordingly, WCJ Ignasiak’s decision did not collaterally estop WCJ
Minnich from considering whether Claimant’s 1988 work injury continued to
require palliative treatment.
II. Burden of Proof and Substantial Evidence
Employer argues, next, that the Board erred in requiring Employer to
prove that the disputed medical expenses were not related to Claimant’s work injury
but, in any case, the record shows just that. Claimant had a “longstanding history of
complaints of neck, shoulder and arm pain”; his back surgery performed in 2014 was
found not to be related to his work injury but to one of his other problems; his
subsequent employment after the work injury involved “long hours and walking long
distances” that caused him back problems; and he suffered various non-work-related
symptomatic conditions such as stenosis and arthritis. Employer Brief at 20. In light
of the above evidence, Employer contends that WCJ Minnich abused his discretion
in connecting the disputed treatments to the 1988 work injury.
Claimant counters that where, as here, benefits had not been terminated,
it was not his burden to establish that each medical treatment related to his work
injury. So long as Claimant continued to be treated for his work injury, it was
Employer’s burden to establish that treatments were not related to Claimant’s work
injury. Claimant Brief at 12 (citing Kurtz, 794 A.2d 443).
In Kurtz, 794 A.2d at 445, the claimant suffered a head injury, and the
employer accepted liability for a concussion with “retrograde amnesia and severe
paracervical spasms,” for which the claimant underwent surgery. A year later, he
again experienced pain in the area of his original injury, and he underwent treatment.
10
The claimant’s workers’ compensation insurance carrier refused payment on the
ground it was not related to the work injury. The claimant then filed a petition to
review medical bills and a reinstatement petition. The WCJ determined that the
claimant did not prove that the treatments for his head pain were causally related to
the original work injury. The Board affirmed.
On appeal, this Court determined that the Board erred. We reasoned
that once liability was established for the claimant’s head injury, any natural and
probable symptoms of head pain were presumed to be related to the work injury. It
was the employer’s burden to establish otherwise. We stated as follows:
If... a claimant receives medical treatment for new symptoms that
allegedly arise from the compensated injury, and the employer
refuses to pay the associated bills, the burden of establishing that
the symptoms and treatments are related to the compensable
injury turns on whether the connection is obvious.
An “obvious” connection “involves a nexus that is so clear that
an untrained lay person would not have a problem making the
connection between” the new symptoms and the compensated
injury; the new symptoms would be a “natural and probable”
result of the injury…. If the new symptoms and the compensable
injury are obviously related, and benefits have not been
terminated, then the claimant will benefit from the presumption
that the new symptoms are related to the compensable injury and,
thus, his employment, and it will be the burden of the employer
to prove that the new symptoms complained of are unrelated to
the compensable injury.
Kurtz, 794 A.2d at 447-48 (citations omitted).
In the case sub judice, Employer accepted Claimant’s work-related
injury as “Leg/Back,” C.R., Item 24, at 1, for which Claimant seeks treatment. There
is an obvious connection between the “Leg/Back” injury and the back pain. Thus,
Employer carries the burden to prove that the treatment was for an injury distinct
11
from the acknowledged injury. Kurtz, 794 A.2d at 448. Employer presented no such
medical evidence to the WCJ.
Employer argues that the record shows that the above-listed non-work-
related incidents and medical conditions contributed to Claimant’s pain. The
relevant inquiry in a substantial evidence analysis is not whether “there is evidence
in the record which supports a factual finding contrary to that made by the WCJ”
but, rather, “whether there is any evidence which supports the WCJ’s factual
finding.” Hoffmaster v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Seno Products,
Inc.), 721 A.2d 1152, 1155 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1998). The Court must view the evidence
in a light most favorable to the party that prevailed before the factfinder.
WCJ Minnich credited Claimant’s testimony and his evidence,
including Dr. Bernstein’s report, which attributed Claimant’s chronic back pain to a
myelogram done in 1988 to assess his work injuries. This resulted in a permanent
inflammatory process called chronic lumbar arachnoiditis. Dr. Bernstein further
opined that Claimant’s chronic back pain “can only be treated with supportive care.”
C.R., Item 13, at 1. Dr. Bernstein’s report is fully consistent with WCJ Ignasiak’s
finding that Claimant had attained maximum medical improvement from his work
injury. WCJ Minnich gave more weight to this evidence than to the other evidence
in the record that Claimant’s need for pain control related to other incidents that took
place after 1988. This is the prerogative of the factfinder. Casne v. Workers’
Compensation Appeal Board (Stat Couriers, Inc.), 962 A.2d 14, 17-19 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2008) (“A reviewing court does not reweigh evidence or review witness credibility”;
it is the prerogative of the WCJ to determine the credibility of witnesses and
the weight to be accorded evidence).
12
The Board did not err in holding that Employer was required to prove
that Claimant’s medical expenses at issue were not related to the work injury, and
WCJ Minnich’s finding that the treatment was related to Claimant’s work injury was
supported by substantial evidence.
III. Penalty
Finally, Employer argues that the Board erred in imposing a 20%
penalty on Employer. WCJ Minnich did not find that Employer’s failure to pay
benefits constituted “unreasonable or excessive delays” under Section 435(d)(i) of
the Act. 77 P.S. §991(d)(i). To the contrary, the WCJ determined that Employer
had a reasonable contest based on its “good faith interpretation of [WCJ] Ignasiak’s
Decision.” WCJ Minnich Decision at 7, Conclusion of Law No. 6; C.R., Item 5, at
7. Claimant responds that Employer unilaterally stopped paying Claimant’s medical
bills in 2016 and that WCJ Minnich acted within his discretion in imposing a 20%
penalty based upon Employer’s 31-month delay in payment.
Section 435(d)(i) of the Act authorizes the imposition of a penalty of
up to 50% of the compensation where the employer violates the Act or its
regulations. It states:
Employers and insurers may be penalized a sum not exceeding
ten per centum of the amount awarded and interest accrued and
payable: Provided, however, That such penalty may be increased
to fifty per centum in cases of unreasonable or excessive delays.
Such penalty shall be payable to the same persons to whom the
compensation is payable.
77 P.S. §991(d)(i). In penalty petition proceedings, the claimant “bears the burden
of proving a violation of the Act occurred.” Gumm v. Workers’ Compensation
Appeal Board (Steel), 942 A.2d 222, 232 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008). The WCJ’s decision
on the assessment of penalties and the amount of the penalties imposed will not be
13
overturned on appeal absent an abuse of discretion. Dworek v. Workmen’s
Compensation Appeal Board (Ragnar Benson, Inc.), 646 A.2d 713, 716 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 1994).
We conclude that WCJ Minnich did not abuse his discretion. “Once
the employer’s liability for the work injury has been established, the employer may
not unilaterally stop making benefit payment[s] in the absence of a final receipt, an
agreement, a supersedeas or any other order of the WCJ authorizing such action.”
McLaughlin v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (St. Francis Country House),
808 A.2d 285, 288 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002). In Listino v. Workmen’s Compensation
Appeal Board (INA Life Insurance Co.), 659 A.2d 45, 48 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1995), this
Court held that “[w]hen an employer unilaterally ceases to pay a claimant’s medical
costs based on an alleged lack of causation, and a referee later determines those costs
to be causally related to [the claimant’s] work-related injury,” the employer is
retroactively liable for the medical costs and is subject to penalties “at the discretion
of the referee.” Further, in North Pittsburgh Drywall Co., Inc. v. Workers’
Compensation Appeal Board (Owen), 59 A.3d 30 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2013), this Court
held that the WCJ’s imposition of a 20% penalty after the employer delayed making
benefit payments for 20 months was not an abuse of discretion.
In the case sub judice, Employer unilaterally stopped paying Claimant’s
medical bills in June of 2016. WCJ Ignasiak found that Claimant required no more
medical treatment in the future, but did not terminate Claimant’s medical benefits.
She merely denied Claimant’s penalty petition which alleged that Employer was
liable for his 2014 back surgery. Employer “assume[d] the risk of exposure to
possible penalty liability” by choosing to unilaterally stop paying Claimant’s
medical bills. Listino, 659 A.2d at 48.
14
For all these reasons, we conclude that the Board did not err in
affirming WCJ Minnich’s imposition of the 20% penalty on Employer.
Conclusion
WCJ Ignasiak’s finding on future medical treatment was not essential
to her judgment that Employer was not liable for Claimant’s fusion surgery and,
thus, did not collaterally estop WCJ Minnich from holding Employer liable for
Claimant’s palliative care. WCJ Minnich did not err in requiring Employer to prove
that Claimant’s medical expenses at issue were not related to the work injury, and
his finding that the medical bills at issue were related to Claimant’s 1988 work injury
was supported by substantial evidence. Finally, we conclude that WCJ Minnich
acted within his discretion in imposing a 20% penalty based upon Employer’s 31-
month delay in payment of Claimant’s medical benefits.
Accordingly, we affirm the Board’s April 2, 2020, adjudication.
_____________________________________
MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
15
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
DTE Energy Company, Inc. :
and Old Republic Insurance :
Company, :
Petitioners :
:
v. : No. 418 C.D. 2020
:
Workers’ Compensation Appeal :
Board (Weatherby), :
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 28th day of January, 2021, the adjudication of the
Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board in the above-captioned matter, dated April
2, 2020, is hereby AFFIRMED.
_____________________________________
MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge