FOURTH DIVISION
DILLARD, P. J.,
RICKMAN, P. J., and BROWN, J.
NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
https://www.gaappeals.us/rules
DEADLINES ARE NO LONGER TOLLED IN THIS
COURT. ALL FILINGS MUST BE SUBMITTED WITHIN
THE TIMES SET BY OUR COURT RULES.
January 28, 2021
In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
A20A1775. SDM INVESTMENTS GROUP, LLC, et al. v. HBN
MEDIA, INC.
A20A1776. SDM INVESTMENTS GROUP LLC, et al. v. HBN
MEDIA, INC.
A20A2036. HBN MEDIA, INC. v. SDM INVESTMENTS GROUP
LLC, et al.
DILLARD, Presiding Judge.
These consolidated appeals arise from an action filed by HBN Media, Inc.
against SDM Investments Group; Scott Miller, one of HBN’s initial investors and
SDM’s principal; and Ed Laine, one of Miller’s business partners.1 Specifically, HBN
sued the defendants, alleging breach-of-contract claims and violations of the Georgia
1
For ease of reference, SDM Investments Group, Scott Miller, and Ed Laine
are collectively referred to as the “defendants” throughout this opinion.
Trade Secrets Act of 1990. Following a bench trial, the trial court found in HBN’s
favor, awarding it nominal damages and attorney fees.
In Case No. A20A1775, the defendants appeal that judgment, arguing the trial
court erred in (1) finding that Miller signed an initial confidentiality agreement in his
personal capacity; (2) concluding that they breached a second confidentiality
agreement; (3) determining that HBN maintained reasonable steps to keep the
information at issue confidential; and (4) awarding HBN attorney fees. In Case No.
A20A2036, HBN appeals the denial of its motion to dismiss the appeal in Case No.
A20A1775, arguing that the trial court erred in finding (1) the defendants’ delay in
filing the trial transcript was reasonable; (2) the delay was not solely caused by the
defendants; (3) the delay was excusable because the defendants believed the
transcript had been filed and had not received notice from the court that it needed to
be filed; and (4) the requirement that a transcript be timely filed does not apply when
there is a pending motion for attorney fees. Finally, in Case No. A20A1776, the
defendants challenge the trial court’s denial of a motion they filed, which sought
reimbursement for Laine’s attorney fees and costs. For the reasons set forth infra, we
reverse in Case No. A20A2036, dismiss Case No. A20A1775, and affirm in Case No.
A20A1776.
2
The record shows that HBN2 operates a website for teams of real estate agents
and handles “all things electronic and technical for the teams.”3 One of HBN’s
services is to generate leads for real estate agents for potential home buyers, many of
whom also have a home to sell. Prior to HBN’s formation, a conference call was held
with potential investors, including Miller. An advisory board was also established for
HBN, and Miller was appointed to be one of its members. Thereafter, the advisory
board held a meeting, at which all of the attendees—including Miller—were required
to sign a nondisclosure agreement because HBN’s founder did not want the
information being discussed to find its way into the marketplace and result in similar
platforms being created. Miller ultimately became an investor and received
shareholder updates that included information valuable to HBN.
In the end, HBN raised $178,000 to launch its platform; and when it did, SDM
also became an investor. In association with SDM’s investment, Miller executed
documents on behalf of SDM in a subscription package, which included a
2
In its order, the trial court sometimes refers to HBN as “Cinc.”
3
As discussed more fully infra, the defendants, in an amended notice of appeal,
specifically emphasized that the trial transcript should not be included in the appellate
record. Absent that transcript, we glean the underlying facts necessary for context and
to resolve this appeal from the trial court’s detailed 54-page order.
3
confidentiality agreement. It is undisputed that Miller forwarded three shareholder
updates to Daniel Reed, his business partner in V-4 Software, a competitor of HBN.
Miller acknowledged that he should not have forwarded this information to anyone
and that he did not have permission to do so. The information in the shareholder
updates was confidential, including, inter alia, revenue, metrics, goals, and a net
promoter score.4 Miller and Reed then used contractors in China to form V-4
Software.
Based on the foregoing, HBN filed a complaint against SDM, Miller, and
Laine, alleging, inter alia, breach-of-contract claims with respect to the two
confidentiality agreements and violations of Georgia’s Trade Secrets Act of 1990.5
Following a bench trial, the trial court entered its judgment, awarding HBN $20,000
in nominal damages and $241,250 in attorney fees and costs of litigation. The
defendants appeal that judgment in Case No. A20A1775, raising the enumerations of
error set forth supra.
4
A net promoter score “is a management tool used as a measure of customer
satisfaction and has been shown to correlate with revenue growth relative to
competitors.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_Promoter (last visited January 25,
2021).
5
See OCGA § 10-1-760.
4
Several months following the final judgment, HBN filed a motion to dismiss
the foregoing appeal because, although the defendants’ notice of appeal indicated that
a trial transcript would be included in the appellate record, they had yet to file the
transcript. The defendants responded to HBN’s motion, and the trial court held a
hearing on the matter. Ultimately, the trial court denied HBN’s motion to dismiss the
appeal, and HBN appeals that order in Case No. A20A2036.
Finally, although Laine was initially named as a defendant, he was ultimately
dismissed from the case prior to trial. Even so, the defendants subsequently filed a
motion for Laine to be awarded attorney fees and costs, which the trial court denied.
And in Case No. A20A1776, the defendants challenge that decision.
A20A2036
1. In several claims of error, HBN argues that the trial court abused its
discretion in denying its motion to dismiss the defendants’ appeal of the trial court’s
final judgment in its favor because their failure to timely file the trial transcript was
unreasonable and inexcusable. We agree.
Although trial courts have “wide discretion when ruling on a motion to dismiss
an appeal based on a failure to timely file a transcript, that discretion is not
5
unlimited.”6 So, with this deferential standard of review in mind, we turn to the case
at hand.
OCGA § 5-6-48 (c) provides that
[n]o appeal shall be dismissed by the appellate court nor consideration
of any error therein refused because of failure of any party to cause the
transcript of evidence and proceedings to be filed within the time
allowed by law or order of court; but the trial court may, after notice and
opportunity for hearing, order that the appeal be dismissed where there
has been an unreasonable delay in the filing of the transcript and it is
shown that the delay was inexcusable and was caused by such party.
As to a trial court’s dismissal of an appeal, our Supreme Court has held that “[a] delay
in excess of 30 days in filing a transcript after a notice of appeal is filed is prima facie
unreasonable and inexcusable, but this presumption is subject to rebuttal if the party
comes forward with evidence to show that the delay was neither unreasonable nor
inexcusable.”7 And in evaluating the threshold question of whether the delay was
6
Newton v. Freeman, 353 Ga. App. 704, 707 (1) (839 SE2d 203) (2020)
(punctuation omitted); accord Mercer v. Munn, 321 Ga. App. 723, 725 (1) (742 SE2d
747) (2013); Morrell v. Western Svcs., 291 Ga. App. 369, 370 (662 SE2d 215)
(2008); Coptic Const. Co. v. Rolle, 279 Ga. App. 454, 456 (631 SE2d 475) (2006).
7
Kelly v. Dawson Cty., 282 Ga. 189, 189 (646 SE2d 53) (2007) (punctuation
omitted); accord HTTP Hypothermia Therapy v. Kimberly-Clark Corp., 330 Ga. App.
857, 859-60 (1) (768 SE2d 542) (2015); Adams v. Hebert, 279 Ga. App. 158, 159
6
unreasonable, “we consider both the length and effect of the delay.”8 This Court will
also consider any delay in transmitting the appellate record unreasonable when it may
affect an appeal by:
(a) directly prejudicing the position of a party by allowing an
intermediate change of conditions or otherwise resulting in inequity; or
(b) causing the appeal to be stale, such as, by delaying just disposition
of the case, by preventing placement of the case on the earliest possible
appellate court calendar, or by delaying the docketing of the appeal and
hearing of the case by an appellate court.9
(630 SE2d 652) (2006).
8
HTTP Hypothermia Therapy, 330 Ga. App. at 860 (1); accord Pistacchio v.
Frasso, 314 Ga. App. 119, 121 (723 SE2d 322) (2012); Am. Nat. Prop. & Cas. Co.
v. Potts, 243 Ga. App. 645, 646 (534 SE2d 123) (2000); see Sellers v. Nodvin, 262
Ga. 205, 206 (1) (b) (415 SE2d 908) (1992) (“The threshold question whether the
delay was unreasonable refers principally to the length and effect of the delay.”
(punctuation omitted)).
9
HTTP Hypothermia Therapy, 330 Ga. App. at 860 (1); accord Mercer, 321
Ga. App. at 726 (1) (punctuation omitted); Pistacchio, 314 Ga. App. at 121-22;
Vaughn v. Faulkner, 288 Ga. App. 798, 798-99 (655 SE2d 686) (2007).
7
Indeed, we have repeatedly recognized that “justice delayed for even one day is
justice denied to the litigant who was successful in the lower court and who is entitled
to his judgment unless the case is properly reversed.”10
In this case, the trial court entered its judgment in favor of HBN on May 10,
2019, awarding it nominal damages, attorney fees, and costs of litigation. The
defendants filed a timely notice of appeal from that judgment on June 7, 2019,11
which noted, inter alia, that the “[t]ranscript of evidence and proceeding will be filed
for inclusion in the record on appeal.” Under such circumstances, the trial transcript
was due to be filed by July 7, 2019 (i.e., 30 days later), and any delay past that date
would be considered prima facie unreasonable and inexcusable.12 But on December
17, 2019, when the defendants had still not filed a trial transcript, HBN filed a motion
to dismiss their appeal. Specifically, HBN argued that the appeal should be dismissed
because the defendants were required to file the transcript by July 7, 2019, at least
10
Newton, 353 Ga. App. at 708 (1) (punctuation omitted); accord HTTP
Hypothermia Therapy, 330 Ga. App. at 860 (1); Ashley v. JP Morgan Chase Bank,
N.A., 327 Ga. App. 232, 237 (1) (758 SE2d 135) (2014); Bush v. Reed, 311 Ga. App.
328, 332 (a) (715 SE2d 747) (2011); Adams, 279 Ga. App. at 159.
11
See OCGA § 5-6-38 (a) (“A notice of appeal shall be filed within 30 days
after entry of the appealable decision or judgment complained of . . . .”)
12
See supra note 7 & accompanying text.
8
two terms of this Court had passed since that due date, and the defendants never
requested an extension of time to file the transcript. HBN also maintained that the
defendants’ five-month delay in failing to file the transcript was unreasonable and
inexcusable.13 And in support of this contention, HBN presented evidence that the
transcript was prepared as of January 3, 2019, months before the defendants were
required to file it. Then, on February 21, 2020, two months after HBN filed its motion
to dismiss the appeal, the defendants—rather than filing the transcript—filed an
amended notice of appeal, which emphasized that “Transcript of evidence and
proceedings is not required for inclusion in the record on appeal.”14
13
The five-month delay HBN references was not the length of time it took the
defendants to file the transcript after it was due. Instead, it was merely the time
between when the transcript was due to be filed and when HBN filed their motion to
dismiss the appeal because it had still not been filed.
14
In its supplemental brief filed after oral argument, other than reasserting
arguments raised in its initial brief, SDM argues that HBN’s appeal in Case No.
A20A2036 must fail because it did not file a complete record with this Court.
Specifically, SDM argues that HBN did not provide this Court with a brief that was
“hand-filed with the [trial] court” at the hearing on HBN’s motion to dismiss the
appeal and that HBN should have filed a motion to supplement the record with the
brief under Court of Appeals Rule 41 (c). But SDM ignores that it could have filed
such a motion if it believed the brief was necessary on appeal. See Ct. App. R. 41 (c)
(providing that “counsel” is permitted to file a motion to supplemental record without
limiting the rule to counsel for a particular party). Additionally, we need not address
this argument because SDM raises it for the first time in its supplemental brief. See
We Care Transp., Inc. v. Branch Banking & Tr. Co., 335 Ga. App. 292, 296 (2) (780
9
The defendants responded to HBN’s motion, and the trial court held a hearing
on the matter. Thereafter, on April 8, 2020—eleven months after its final
judgment—the trial court denied HBN’s motion to dismiss the appeal. In doing so,
the trial court found that (1) the defendants paid the costs for the appeal; (2) their
counsel subjectively believed that paying for the transcript and having a discussion
with the stenographer at trial caused the trial transcript to be filed; (3) a notice the
court sent to the defendants’ counsel “with notice for filing the transcript” was
returned to the court for an excusable address issue; (4) a delay in HBN filing the trial
exhibits was not solely the fault of the defendants and served to delay docketing of
the appeal; (5) the transcript had been filed in the trial court at least by the time of its
April 8 order; and (5) HBN “continued to litigate the matter in the trial court, which
also delayed the docketing of the appeal.”
But none of the foregoing findings by the trial court are sufficient excuses
under Georgia law for significantly delaying the docketing of an appeal. Importantly,
after failing to file the transcript for five months, the defendants waited two
additional months after HBN filed its motion to dismiss the appeal to inform the court
SE2d 782) (2015) (declining to address an argument raised for the first time in a
supplemental brief). Lastly, SDM has not identified anything contained in the brief
that would alter the resolution of this appeal.
10
that a transcript was suddenly no longer necessary for the appeal. And despite the trial
court’s findings to the contrary, paying for a transcript and subjectively believing it
had been filed does not relieve an appellant of its obligation to actively ensure that
a transcript was filed or to, at a minimum, request an extension to file it. Apparently,
the defendants relied solely on a conversation their attorney had with the court
reporter at trial in believing the transcript had been filed; but we have repeatedly held
that it is not the court reporter’s responsibility to ensure a transcript is filed.15 So,
while it is certainly true that the court’s notice to the defendants of the need to file the
transcript was not received due to an excusable address issue, an appellant is not
entitled to such a notification before satisfying its statutory duty to timely file a
15
See Ashley, 327 Ga. App. at 237 (1) (“The statutory duty to file timely a
transcript does not rest with the court reporter; rather the duty to order the transcript
is vested upon the appropriate appealing party. It would create an unacceptable and
impractical burden on the court reporter’s office to require them to contact attorneys
or parties and report on the status of all ordered transcripts.” (punctuation omitted));
In the Interest of T. H., 311 Ga. App. 641, 644 (716 SE2d 724) (2011) (same);
Jackson v. Beech Aircraft Corp., 217 Ga. App. 498, 501 (458 SE2d 377) (1995)
(same). Cf. Gordon v. Dennis, 347 Ga. App. 110, 114 (1) (817 SE2d 561) (2018)
(“[A] delay in the filing of a transcript is excusable when there is evidence that it was
caused by the backlog of the court reporter rather than by an act or omission of the
appellant.”). In this case, the transcript was prepared by the court reporter on January
3, 2019, seven months before the defendants were required to file it. So, while a delay
in filing a transcript based on a court reporter’s backlog is excusable, there was no
backlog in this case. The defendants never followed up with anyone to ensure the
transcript was filed.
11
transcript.16 Additionally, the trial court’s finding that, as of its April 2020 order
(almost ten months after the transcript was due to be filed and two months after the
defendants notified the court that the transcript was no longer necessary), the
transcript had ultimately been filed does not excuse the defendants from the
requirement that they file it in a timely manner. Were it otherwise, an appellant could
wait as long as it wanted to file a transcript as long as it did so before the trial court
ruled on the motion to dismiss.17 And significantly, the defendants never requested
an extension to file the transcript.18
16
Cf. Kelly, 282 Ga. at 190 (“[The appellant] . . . seeks to shift responsibility
for the tardiness in filing the transcript by asserting it had been sent to the wrong
attorney, but did not establish on the record how that error prevented the timely filing
. . . .”); Crown Diamond Co. v. N.Y. Diamond Corp., 242 Ga. App. 674, 677 (4) (530
SE2d 800) (2000) (holding that a delay in filing a transcript was inexcusable when
appellant forgot to “check to see” if the transcript would be filed within 30 days of
the notice of appeal, forgot to request an extension to file it, and did not check on the
status of the transcript).
17
See ACCC Ins. Co. v. Pizza Hut of America, Inc., 314 Ga. App. 655, 658 n.4
(2012) (“But [the appellant] only amended the notice of appeal . . . approximately five
months after the notice of appeal was filed . . . and so its amendment does not alter
our analysis of whether the delay in filing the transcript was unreasonable.”).
18
See Pistacchio, 314 Ga. App. at 121 (“[T]he failure to obtain the required
extension of time is one of the factors considered in whether a delay in filing a
transcript is unreasonable and inexcusable.” (punctuation omitted)); In the Interest
of T. H., 311 Ga. App. at 643 (“Although a failure to timely request an extension,
standing alone, is not sufficient to justify dismissal of an appeal, it is one of the
12
Furthermore, there is no evidence to support the trial court’s finding that
anyone other than the defendants was responsible for delaying the docketing of their
appeal. Indeed, even if HBN was late in filing certain exhibits, the defendants could
have asked for an extension of time to file the transcript or filed the transcript without
the exhibits and moved to supplement the appellate record later.19 Also, presumably,
no trial exhibits were necessary for the appeal when the defendants do not even
believe the trial transcript itself was needed. Moreover, it is unclear exactly what the
trial court meant when it found that HBN continued to litigate the matter in the trial
court after the final judgment was entered. But regardless, the trial court lost
jurisdiction to amend or alter its final judgment after the notice of appeal was filed,
factors considered in determining whether a delay in filing a transcript is
unreasonable and inexcusable.”); Morrell, 291 Ga. App. at 373 (2) (“[F]ailure to
obtain the required extension of time is one of the factors considered in whether a
delay in filing a transcript is unreasonable and inexcusable.”).
19
See Damani v. State, 284 Ga. 372, 373 (1) (667 SE2d 372) (2008) (“[W]hen
it was discovered portions of the record had not been transmitted for appeal, either
party could have moved to supplement the record in the trial court as long as the
motion was made prior to the appellate decision or . . . in the Court of Appeals before
or after it rendered its decision.” (emphasis supplied)); In the Interest of T. H., 311
Ga. App. at 643 (noting that an attorney acknowledged that a transcript could have
been filed without exhibits). HBN claims that it was not asked to provide any exhibits
for the appeal until January 6, 2020, six months after the transcript was due to be
filed.
13
and as a result, any post-judgment filings or motions by HBN had no effect on when
the appeal was ultimately docketed.20 Suffice it to say, the evidence plainly shows that
the defendants are solely responsible for the seven-month delay between when the
transcript was due to be filed and when they eventually informed the court not to
include a transcript in the record on appeal.
Lastly, the trial court—without explanation—summarily concluded that HBN
was not prejudiced by the substantial delay at issue, but “a delay is unreasonable if
it affects an appeal either by directly prejudicing the position of a party by allowing
an intermediate change of conditions or otherwise resulting in inequity, or by causing
the appeal to become stale, for instance by delaying docketing and hearing in this
20
See Upton v. Jones, 280 Ga. 895, 896 (1) (635 SE2d 112) (2006) (“[T]he
filing of the notice of appeal operates as a supersedeas and deprives the trial court of
the power to affect the judgment appealed, so that subsequent proceedings purporting
to supplement, amend, alter or modify the judgment, whether pursuant to statutory or
inherent power, are without effect.” (punctuation omitted)); Fred Jones Enters, LLC
v. Williams, 331 Ga. App. 481, 483 (1) (771 SE2d 163) (2015) (“A notice of appeal
divests the trial court of jurisdiction to supplement, amend, alter, or modify the
judgment while the appeal of that judgment remains pending.” (punctuation
omitted)). According to the defendants, HBN attempted to continue litigating the case
by seeking to “amend the [j]udgment to add legal fees.” But as just discussed, the trial
court lacked jurisdiction to amend its judgment after the defendants filed their notice
of appeal on June 7, 2019.
14
Court.”21 And in this case, the defendants’ notice of appeal was filed on June 7, 2019,
but the appeal was not docketed in this Court until April 29, 2020. This means that
if the defendants had timely filed the transcript on July 7, 2020, their appeal could
have been docketed in this Court’s 2019 April term of court. But because they failed
to update their notice of appeal until February 21, 2020, the appeal was not docketed
until the 2020 April term of court.22 So, even if there were no direct prejudice to
HBN, the seven-month delay was still unreasonable as it delayed docketing for at
21
Newton, 353 Ga. App. at 709 (1) (punctuation omitted); accord State v.
Brienza, 350 Ga. App. 672, 679 (1) (829 SE2d 894) (2019); Postell v. Alfa Ins. Corp.,
332 Ga. App. 22, 25 (2) (a) (i) (772 SE2d 793) (2015); Ashley, 327 Ga. App. at 235
(1); Bush, 311 Ga. App. at 331-32 (a); Adams, 279 Ga. App. at 159.
22
The Court’s terms—including any motion for reconsideration period—are
as follows: (1) the December term begins the first Monday in December and ends
March 31 the following year; (2) the April term begins the first Monday in April and
ends July 17; and (3) the August term begins the first Monday in August and ends
November 18. See Ct. App. R. 12.
15
least one term of Court.23 Given the foregoing, the trial court abused its discretion in
denying HBN’s motion to dismiss the appeal at issue (i.e, Case No. A20A1775).24
23
See Brienza, 350 Ga. App. at 679 (1) (holding that five-month delay in filing
transcript was unreasonable when it delayed docketing in this Court); Postell, 332 Ga.
App. at 26 (2) (a) (i) (holding that four-and-a-half-month delay was unreasonable and
delayed docketing in this Court); Ashley, 327 Ga. App. at 235-37 (1) (holding that
eight-month delay caused appeal to be docketed at least one term later than it should
have been docketed); McAlister v. Abam-Samson, 318 Ga. App. 1, 6-7 (2) (733 SE2d
58) (2012) (concluding that delay resulted in docketing for a later term of court);
Pistacchio, 314 Ga. App. at 122 (“The [three-month] delay here discernibly delayed
docketing of the record in the appellate court and prevented an appellate decision on
the merits at the earliest possible date.”); Bush, 311 Ga. App. at 332 (a) (holding that
ten-month delay “prevented the case from being docketed and heard in the earliest
possible appellate term of court”); Morrell, 291 Ga. App. at 374 (2) (holding that
51-day delay caused delay of appeal from one term to another); Adams, 279 Ga. App.
at 159 (concluding that 150-day delay resulted in delayed docketing from one term
to another).
24
See Brienza, 350 Ga. App. at 679-80 (1) (reversing trial court’s denial of
appellant’s motion to dismiss State’s appeal in light of the five-month delay in filing
transcript and the fact that State failed to show that such delay was not unreasonable
or inexcusable); Mercer, 321 Ga. App. at 726-27 (1) (reversing trial court’s denial of
psychiatrist’s motion to dismiss patient’s appeal given that patient failed to present
evidence to rebut the presumption of unreasonableness arising from the delay of more
than a year, and delay discernibly delayed docketing of the record in the appellate
court and prevented an appellate decision on the merits at the earliest possible date);
Coptic Constr. Co., Inc., 279 Ga. App. at 456-57 (reversing trial court’s order
denying homeowner’s motion to dismiss contractor’s appeal given latter’s
inexcusable delay of more than nine months in filing the transcript, which delayed
just disposition of case); Am. Nat. Prop. & Cas. Co., 243 Ga. App. at 646–47 (finding
that a month-and-a-half delay in filing a transcript was unreasonable and prevented
docketing of the appeal on the earliest possible calendar); Lemmons v. Newton, 269
Ga. App. 880, 882 (605 SE2d 626) (2004) (affirming dismissal of appeal where the
16
A20A1775
2. Based upon our holding in Division 1 supra, this related appeal is
dismissed.25
A20A1776
3. Finally, the defendants argue that the trial court abused its discretion in
denying their motion to award attorney fees and costs of litigation to Laine—who was
appellant did not seek an extension of time for filing the transcript or make inquiries
to the court reporter concerning the transcript until after the filing of the appellees’
motion to dismiss); Pirkle v. Bell, 270 Ga. 438, 438 (510 SE2d 814) (1999) (affirming
the trial court’s dismissal of an appeal when three-month delay was caused by
appellant’s designation in the notice of appeal that a non-existent transcript would be
included in the record and on appellant’s failure to check on the status of the appeal);
Hameed v. Hall, 234 Ga. App. 890, 892 (1) (508 SE2d 680) (1998) (holding that a 72-
day delay in filing a transcript identified in the notice of appeal was unreasonable and
inexcusable regardless of whether that transcript was necessary); Jackson, 217 Ga.
App. at 503-04 (2) (holding that the trial court abused its discretion in denying
appellee’s motion to dismiss the appeal when, although the appellant sought and was
granted numerous extension, they did not follow up with the court reporter to
determine the transcript preparation status for a five-month period).
25
See, e.g, Newton, 353 Ga. App. at 710 (2) (dismissing the related appeal after
holding the trial court abused its discretion in denying the appellee’s motion to
dismiss that appeal); Mercer, 321 Ga. App. at 727 (2) (same); Coptic Const. Co., 279
Ga. App. at 457 (same); Jackson, 217 Ga. App. at 503 (same).
17
dismissed from the case before trial—because HBN had no factual basis to pursue
any claim against him at any time.26 We disagree.
On November 30, 2018, prior to trial, HBN voluntarily dismissed Laine from
the case with prejudice and with the consent of all parties. Approximately seven
months later, on June 24, 2019, the defendants filed a motion for Laine to be awarded
attorney fees and costs of litigation, arguing that Laine was entitled to such fees and
costs up until the time he was dismissed from the case under OCGA § 9-15-14 (a) and
(b) because HBN’s claims against him were wholly unsupported. Specifically, the
defendants contended that because Laine paid half of the fees and costs of the entire
litigation incurred until he was dismissed, he was entitled to 50 percent of all the fees
and costs incurred until that time.
In response to the defendants’ motion, HBN primarily argued that it must be
denied because it was untimely under OCGA § 9-15-14 (e). Then, on October 2,
2019, the trial court summarily denied the motion. We agree with HBN that the trial
court did not abuse its discretion in doing so.
26
In its supplemental brief, SDM argues that a remand in Case No. A20A1776
is warranted because a motion for legal fees involves “intensive factual findings.” But
because SDM raises this argument for the first time in its supplemental brief, we need
not address it. See We Care Transp., Inc., 335 Ga. App. at 296 (2) (declining to
address an argument raised for the first time in a supplemental brief).
18
OCGA § 9-15-14 (a) provides
In any civil action in any court of record of this state, reasonable and
necessary attorney’s fees and expenses of litigation shall be awarded to
any party against whom another party has asserted a claim, defense, or
other position with respect to which there existed such a complete
absence of any justiciable issue of law or fact that it could not be
reasonably believed that a court would accept the asserted claim,
defense, or other position.
And OCGA § 9-15-14 (b) provides:
The court may assess reasonable and necessary attorney’s fees and
expenses of litigation in any civil action in any court of record if, upon
the motion of any party or the court itself, it finds that an attorney or
party brought or defended an action, or any part thereof, that lacked
substantial justification or that the action, or any part thereof, was
interposed for delay or harassment, or if it finds that an attorney or party
unnecessarily expanded the proceeding by other improper conduct . . .
But importantly, OCGA § 9-15-14 (e) provides, “[a]ttorney’s fees and expenses
this Code section may be requested by motion at any time during the course of the
action but not later than 45 days after the final disposition of the action.”27 And while
the defendants were all parties to the motion for attorney fees, in substance, the
27
(Emphasis supplied).
19
motion only sought fees for Laine because he had been dismissed from the case. The
other defendants were not dismissed from the case and a judgment was entered
against them at trial. Those defendants have never suggested that they are separately
entitled to attorney fees under OCGA § 9-15-14.
HBN argues that the defendants’ motion for Laine’s attorney fees was properly
denied as untimely under OCGA 9-15-14 (e). The defendants did not file a reply brief
to address this argument, but below they argued that their motion was timely because
it was filed within 45 days of the trial court’s final judgment after trial. But as noted
supra, the defendants did not seek attorney fees for Laine until nearly seven
months after he was dismissed with prejudice from the case. And as our Supreme
Court has explained, it is “clear that a voluntary dismissal with prejudice constitutes
a final disposition of the underlying action only as far as the parties involved in the
voluntary dismissal are concerned.”28 Thus, as to Laine, the final disposition of the
28
Hedquist v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., 272 Ga. 209, 211
(2) (528 SE2d 508) (2000); accord Mateen v. Dicus, 286 Ga. App. 760, 761 (2) (650
SE2d 272) (2007). Cf. Shelley v. Town of Tyrone, 302 Ga. 297, 308 (3) n.15 (806
SE2d 535) (2017) (“In cases in which there has been a voluntary dismissal of an
action with prejudice upon agreement of the parties and accomplished with an order
of court, we have held that the dismissal operates as an adjudication upon the merits
and bars the right to bring another action on the same claim against the same parties.”
(punctuation omitted)); WPD Ctr., LLC v. Watershed, Inc., 330 Ga. App. 289, 290 (1)
(a) (765 SE2d 531) (2014) (“For purposes of res judicata, a voluntary dismissal with
20
case was when he was dismissed with prejudice prior to trial, not when the final
judgment was entered after trial, during which he was no longer a party to the case.
And because the defendants waited seven months to file a motion, requesting attorney
fees on behalf of Laine only, the motion was untimely. Under such circumstances, the
trial court did not err in denying it.29
prejudice operates as an adjudication on the merits.”); Nat’l Found. Co. v. Post,
Buckley, Schuh & Jernigan, Inc., 219 Ga. App. 431, 432 (1) (465 SE2d 726) (1995)
(“As a general rule, voluntary dismissal with prejudice particularly when entered with
trial court approval of an entire suit constitutes a form of ‘final judgment’ under the
appellate practice act.” (punctuation omitted)).
29
See Fairburn Banking Co. v. Gafford, 263 Ga. 792, 794 (439 SE2d 482)
(1994) (“[T]here is a ‘window of opportunity’ for seeking attorney fees under OCGA
§ 9-15-14 which begins with the entry of final judgment . . . and ends 45 days later.
Since the motion which the trial court granted in the present case was not filed within
that window of opportunity, the trial court lacked jurisdiction to consider it.”);
Horesh v. DeKinder, 295 Ga. App. 826, 831 (2) (673 SE2d 311) (2009) (“Because the
[appellees] failed to move for attorney fees [under OCGA § 9-15-14] within 45 days
following the trial court’s entry of judgment . . . , their motion was untimely.
Accordingly, the order of the trial court granting the [appellees’] motion is
reversed.”); Gist v. DeKalb Tire Co., 223 Ga. App. 397, 398 (1) (477 SE2d 616)
(1996) (“Because the trial court’s order of dismissal was final . . . , [the appellee’s]
OCGA § 9-15-14 motion should have been filed within the following 45-day window.
In light of [the appellee’s] failure to meet this deadline, the trial court erred in holding
that [the] motion was timely.”); see also Marchman & Sons, Inc. v. Nelson, 251 Ga.
475, 477 (306 SE2d 290) (1983) (“A dismissal with prejudice operates as an
adjudication on the merits. It is a final disposition. It bars the right to bring another
action on the same claim or cause.”).
21
Judgment affirmed in Case No. A20A1776; dismissed in Case No. A20A1775;
and reversed in Case No. 20A2036. Rickman, P. J., and Brown, J., concur.
22