Principe v. Blevins

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.

IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE

In re the Matter of:

MICHELLE L. PRINCIPE, Petitioner/Appellant,

v.

DAVID M. BLEVINS, Respondent/Appellee.

No. 1 CA-CV 20-0413 FC
FILED 6-3-2021

Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. FC2015-008129
The Honorable Kerstin G. LeMaire, Judge

AFFIRMED IN PART AND VACATED IN PART

COUNSEL

Michelle L. Principe, Denver, CO
Petitioner/Appellant
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MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge Samuel A. Thumma delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Kent E. Cattani and Judge Brian Y. Furuya joined.

T H U M M A, Judge:

¶1 Petitioner Michelle L. Principe (Mother) appeals the superior
court’s order modifying legal decision-making authority and parenting
time orders set forth in the decree of dissolution. Mother has not shown that
the court erred in modifying the decree. The court, however, erred by
ordering Mother to complete and pay for a psychological evaluation
(without considering her ability to pay) before it would consider another
petition to modify. Accordingly, that requirement is vacated.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2 Mother and David Michael Blevins (Father) have one child,
born in 2009. When the parties divorced in 2011, all three lived in Arizona.
The decree awarded joint legal decision-making authority, gave primary
physical custody to Mother and parenting time to Father. Father later
moved to Utah. In September 2017, the parties agreed that the child would
live in Utah with Father, stepmother and their children for the 2017–2018
school year. The child visited Mother in Arizona a few times, including for
spring break in March 2018.

¶3 In March 2018, Mother received a report that Father and
stepmother punished the child by slapping her, confining her to a bedroom
except for school and taking away her mattress. Mother relayed the report
to the Arizona Department of Child Safety (ADCS). Mother also refused to
return the child to Utah and filed a modification petition requesting sole
legal decision-making authority and supervised parenting time for Father.
An ADCS investigation addressed the report Mother provided as well as
alleged sexual abuse. After a forensic interview, ADCS concluded the
allegations were unsubstantiated and took no action.

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¶4 In June 2018, the court appointed an advisor (CAA) to make
recommendations regarding the child’s best interests. Later that month,
Mother indicated she was willing to send the child back to Utah and give
up her parental rights. On June 27, 2018, without prior notice to Father,
Mother put the child on a late-night flight to Utah and sent Father a text
message telling him she was sending the child back. Mother claimed she
did so because she was financially destitute and had no option. However,
Mother objected when Father attempted to formalize this arrangement and
proposed joint legal decision-making, with Father having primary custody
in Utah and Mother having long-distance parenting time, with the cost of
travel split equally.

¶5 At an August 2018 hearing, Mother explained that she had
been “on the edge of a nervous breakdown when she elected to relinquish
the child back to Utah voluntarily” in late June 2018. Mother had lost her
job and unemployment benefits, and her utilities had been shut off. The
CAA expressed concern about Mother’s mental health and about awarding
unsupervised parenting time based on what had happened. The CAA
stated that she had not interviewed Mother because Mother was unable to
pay the CAA’s fees. The court then granted Mother a waiver for the CAA’s
fees.

¶6 Father asked to have Mother submit to a psychological
evaluation at Mother’s expense, subject to reallocation of the expense after
the evaluation. Mother objected, arguing that the evaluation was
unnecessary, and she could not afford it. The court, however, granted
Father’s request. Mother then moved to Colorado. At a January 2019 status
conference, Mother again objected that the psychological evaluation was
unnecessary, and she could not afford it. The court, however, reaffirmed its
prior order.

¶7 In April 2019, Mother filed a motion for temporary orders
because the court had not yet scheduled a hearing on her April 2018 petition
to modify. The court held an evidentiary hearing in May 2019 and issued
temporary orders granting Father sole legal decision-making authority. The
court found supervised parenting time was necessary based on Mother’s
behavior. The court found Mother’s behavior still warranted “a full[-]scale
psychological evaluation to determine the extent to which she can parent.”
Mother unsuccessfully moved to amend this order, again claiming that she
could not afford the evaluation.

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¶8 Ultimately, in March 2020, the court held an evidentiary
hearing on Mother’s April 2018 petition. After receiving the evidence, the
court found a significant and continuing change of circumstances
warranted modification, granted Father sole legal decision-making
authority and ordered that Mother have supervised parenting time in Utah
for up to four hours per month. The court stated that it would consider a
petition to modify after Mother completed six consecutive months of
supervised parenting time and “a full[-]scale psychological evaluation
conducted by a court approved psychologist demonstrating her fitness to
parent.” The court also ordered Mother to pay $569 per month in child
support. Mother filed a timely notice of appeal from that order. Mother later
filed several post-order motions that she included in an amended notice of
appeal. This court has appellate jurisdiction over these post-decree orders
resolving all of the relief sought in Mother’s April 2018 post-decree petition
pursuant to Article 6, Section 9, of the Arizona Constitution and Arizona
Revised Statutes (A.R.S.) sections 12-120.21(A)(1) and -2101(A)(2) (2021).1

¶9 In January 2021, while this appeal was pending, Mother filed
several more motions and petitions, including to modify legal decision-
making, parenting time and child support, alleging another incident of
abuse by stepmother. After a conference later in January 2021 with the Utah
court (where related proceedings were and apparently are pending), the
Arizona superior court relinquished jurisdiction to the Utah court and
dismissed “all pending pleadings” in Arizona. Mother’s challenge to that
order is pending in a separate appeal in 1 CA-CV 21-0187 FC.

DISCUSSION

I. The Superior Court Had Continuing Exclusive Jurisdiction to Rule
on the April 2018 Petition to Modify.

¶10 Mother argues that the superior court lacked jurisdiction to
rule on her April 2018 petition to modify. Mother contends that Arizona
was not the child’s home state when she filed the April 2018 petition and
that, by October 2018, Mother, Father and the child had moved out of
Arizona. Whether the court had subject matter jurisdiction under Arizona’s

1 Absent material revisions after the relevant dates, statutes and rules cited
refer to the current version unless otherwise indicated. Although Father’s
failure to file an answering brief could be considered a confession of error,
the court is not required to view it as such, particularly when the best
interests of a minor child are at issue. See In re Marriage of Diezsi, 201 Ariz.
524, 525 ¶ 2 (App. 2002).

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version of the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act
(UCCJEA) is an issue this court reviews de novo. Mangan v. Mangan, 227
Ariz. 346, 350 ¶ 16 (App. 2011).

¶11 Because Arizona issued the original custody order, it has
continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify that order until either of the
following is true:

1. A court of this state determines that neither
the child, nor the child and one parent, nor the
child and a person acting as a parent have a
significant connection with this state and that
substantial evidence is no longer available in
this state concerning the child’s care, protection,
training and personal relationships. [or]

2. A court of this state or a court of another state
determines that the child, the child’s parents
and any person acting as a parent do not
presently reside in this state.

A.R.S. § 25-1032(A). This statute “reflects the UCCJEA’s goal of allowing
the court that makes the original custody determination to retain exclusive,
continuing jurisdiction over that order.” Mangan, 227 Ariz. at 351 ¶ 19.

¶12 In April 2018, when Mother filed the petition that initiated
these proceedings, she still lived in Arizona. Thus, the fact that Arizona
might not have been the child’s home state in April 2018 did not deprive
Arizona of jurisdiction under § 25-1032(A) because Mother still lived here.
Nor did Mother’s subsequent move from Arizona to Colorado deprive the
court of jurisdiction, given that Mother lived in Arizona when she filed the
petition. “Jurisdiction attaches at the commencement of a proceeding.”
Unif. Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enf’t Act § 202 cmt. 2, U.L.A. 26 (1997).
Thus, the superior court had jurisdiction to rule on Mother’s April 2018
petition.

II. The Superior Court Did Not Ignore Allegations of Child Abuse
and Neglect.

¶13 This court reviews legal decision-making and parenting time
orders for an abuse of discretion, accepting the superior court’s findings of
fact absent clear error. Engstrom v. McCarthy, 243 Ariz. 469, 471 ¶ 4 (App.
2018). “A finding of fact cannot be ‘clearly erroneous’ if there is substantial
evidence to support it, even though there might be substantial conflicting

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evidence.” Moore v. Title Ins. Co. of Minn., 148 Ariz. 408, 413 (App. 1985). The
superior court at trial, not this court on appeal, weighs and assesses
credibility and conflicting evidence. Gutierrez v. Gutierrez, 193 Ariz. 343, 347
¶ 13 (App. 1998). Although conflicting evidence may exist, the superior
court’s ruling will be affirmed if substantial evidence supports it. Hurd v.
Hurd, 223 Ariz. 48, 52 ¶ 16 (App. 2009).

¶14 Where legal decision-making or parenting time is contested,
the court “shall make specific findings on the record about all relevant
factors and the reasons for which the decision is in the best-interests of the
child.” A.R.S. § 25-403(B). One of the factors relevant to determining the
child’s best interests is whether there has been domestic violence. A.R.S. §
25-403(A)(8) (citing § 25-403.03). Therefore, the court must consider
whether there has been domestic violence as defined by § 25-403.03(C).
DeLuna v. Petitto, 247 Ariz. 420, 423 ¶ 11 (App. 2019).

¶15 The court made detailed findings about each statutory factor
and found that allegations of child abuse asserted in the April 2018 petition
were not supported. Mother contends the court ignored evidence of
punishments that constitute child abuse. She argues that the court failed to
address (1) Father and stepmother taking the child’s bed away as a
punishment, (2) a police report stating stepmother cut the child’s cheek and
(3) Father’s failure to place the child in therapy when recommended by a
doctor.2 Although the findings did not address these specific allegations,
the failure to reference this evidence does not establish, as Mother argues,
that the court did not consider it. Rather, the court found Mother’s
allegations of abuse were not credible and weighed them accordingly. See
Fuentes v. Fuentes, 209 Ariz. 51, 55–56 ¶ 18 (App. 2004) (appellate courts
presume the superior court fully considered evidence admitted at trial).

¶16 Mother challenges the weight the court attributed to the
evidence that Father took away the child’s bed as a punishment. Father
admitted he did this for one night and that Utah child safety workers told
him it was inappropriate. Father’s testimony and the records show that
Utah authorities investigated this incident, instructed Father it was
inappropriate and closed the case without further action. Viewing the

2 Mother’s statement of facts in her brief on appeal contains many other
allegations and disputes the evidence and post-hearing rulings. Because
those assertions were not properly raised or developed, they are not
considered here. See ARCAP 13(a)(7) (arguments in opening brief must
contain supporting contentions, legal authorities, and record citations).

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evidence in the light most favorable to upholding the superior court’s order,
Mother has not shown that the court abused its discretion in addressing this
assertion. See Hurd, 223 Ariz. at 52 ¶ 16; Gutierrez, 193 Ariz. at 347 ¶ 13.

¶17 Contrary to Mother’s assertion, the police report regarding
stepmother cutting the child’s cheek was admitted into evidence. The court
also reviewed the child’s therapy records and heard testimony regarding
the child’s progress in therapy. As of January 2019, the child was stable and
her behavior improving, so Father stopped her therapy sessions. At the time
of the evidentiary hearing, the child was again seeing a counselor upon the
recommendation of the CAA (and as Mother had requested) and was doing
well. Although the court did not discuss this evidence, it is presumed to
have considered all admitted evidence, Fuentes, 209 Ariz. at 55–56 ¶ 18, and
this court defers to the weight it afforded the evidence, Hurd, 223 Ariz. at
52 ¶ 16. Accordingly, Mother has not shown the court ignored evidence of
child abuse.

III. The Court Erred in Failing to Consider Mother’s Ability to Pay for
a Psychological Evaluation and Improperly Restricted Her Ability
to File a Petition to Modify Parenting Time.

¶18 In September 2018, the superior court ordered Mother to
undergo a psychological evaluation at her expense. The order did not
specify that Mother was obligated to pay for the entire cost of the
psychological evaluation, but this is implied because Father asked to have
Mother pay for the evaluation “subject to reallocation.” The court also
ordered supervised parenting time for Mother.

¶19 The final order required Mother to pay all costs associated
with her long-distance, supervised parenting time and ordered Mother to
complete “a full[-]scale psychological evaluation . . . demonstrating her
fitness to parent.” The order stated that Mother must complete the
evaluation before the court “will entertain a motion to modify parenting
time.” Mother contends these orders are not necessary and place an unfair
financial burden on her ability to exercise parenting time.

¶20 By requesting a custody modification, Mother placed her
mental health at issue given that consideration of the parties’ mental health
is required by statute. A.R.S. § 25-403(A)(5); In re Marriage of Gove, 117 Ariz.
324, 328 (App. 1977). Moreover, the record supports the order for both
supervised parenting time and a psychological evaluation based on
Mother’s behavior, correspondence with Father and the CAA report.

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¶21 As to the financial burden of supervised parenting time, the
order allowed a mutually agreed upon person to supervise. Presumably,
this will reduce the cost. Mother suggests that Father has unreasonably
increased the cost of supervised parenting time by refusing to allow family
members to supervise, but she failed to cite to any evidence of this in the
record. At trial, Mother referred to one incident when the child visited
Arizona without her knowledge but did not establish that she lived in
Arizona at that time.

¶22 Mother also argues that, under Arizona Rule of Family Law
Procedure (Rule) 51, Father must pay for the psychological evaluation
because he requested it under Rule 63. Rule 51(b)(4)(C) requires that, absent
“manifest injustice,” the party requesting discovery under Rule 63 from an
expert witness shall pay for the expert’s time. Although Father’s motion
cited Rule 63, the superior court ordered the evaluation to determine what
custody arrangement and parenting time was in the child’s best interests.
Therefore, this order anticipated an evaluation from a neutral psychologist
to determine the child’s best interests, not an “expert” hired by a party for
discovery purposes. Therefore, Rule 51 is inapplicable here.

¶23 The order for a psychological evaluation is authorized by
Rule 95(b), which allows the court to order parties to engage in behavioral
health services. However, under Rule 95(a), the court “must determine on
the record whether the parties have the ability to pay for services as well as
allocate the costs of those services.” The court did not do so here.

¶24 Mother repeatedly asserted that she is unable to pay for a
psychological evaluation. In other ways, the court credited Mother’s
inability to pay for various costs, including granting a fee waiver due to
Mother’s financial circumstances when she could not pay the CAA’s fees.
At the time of trial, Mother was on disability, earning $3,000 per month.
Father’s financial affidavit showed that he earned between $8,000 and
$9,000 a month. The court’s findings, however, did not address the parties’
financial circumstances as required by Rule 95(a), nor did the court consider
reallocating the cost of the evaluation as Father suggested in his original
motion. In short, the court was aware that Mother had been unable to pay
for the evaluation from the outset but did not address that issue when it
again ordered Mother to pay for a comprehensive psychological evaluation.

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¶25 The order also stated that the court would not entertain a
petition to modify parenting time until Mother completed the evaluation.
To the extent this order restricts Mother’s ability to file a petition to modify,
it violates § 25-411(A), which allows a petition to modify legal decision-
making or parenting time any time “there is reason to believe the child’s
present environment may seriously endanger the child’s physical, mental,
moral or emotional health.” A party may also file a petition to modify at
any time if there is evidence of domestic violence or abuse. Id. However, a
parent must wait six months to file a petition based on the other parent’s
failure to comply with court orders. Id.

¶26 The statutory requirements balance the competing interests of
“the need for stability in the child’s life versus the need to change a previous
order if that is necessary to place the child in a more suitable environment.”
Canty v. Canty, 178 Ariz. 443, 447 (App. 1994). The order improperly
imposed additional requirements by requiring Mother to complete the
evaluation before filing a petition to modify. To the extent that the order
was an effort to compel Mother to undergo an evaluation, compliance can
be compelled in other ways that do not also limit Mother’s statutory right
to file a petition to modify. Alternatives include a petition to enforce or a
motion for contempt under Rules 91(b) or 92. Accordingly, this pre-filing
requirement was improper and is vacated.

¶27 The superior court properly ordered supervised parenting
time and a psychological evaluation of Mother. But the court erred by
ordering Mother to pay the entire cost of the psychological evaluation
without considering the parties’ financial resources, including under Rule
95. The court also erred by requiring Mother to complete “a full [-] scale
psychological evaluation” before the court would “entertain a motion to
modify parenting time.” Accordingly, those portions of the order are
vacated.

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CONCLUSION

¶28 The order modifying legal decision-making and parenting
time is affirmed. Those portions of the order requiring Mother to pay for
and complete a psychological evaluation, and that she complete the
evaluation before she can file a petition to modify, are vacated.

¶29 Given the pendency of Mother’s appeal (1 CA-CV 21-0187 FC)
challenging the superior court’s January 2021 relinquishment of jurisdiction
to the Utah court and dismissal of “all pending pleadings” in Arizona, a
copy of this memorandum decision (and, when issued, the mandate)
should be provided to:

Second Judicial District Court
In and for Weber County, State of Utah, Ogden
Department
2525 Grant Avenue
Ogden, UT 84401
Case No. 204901284
Attention: The Honorable Jennifer Valencia,
Judge, and The Honorable Catherine Conklin,
Commissioner

AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA

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