Smith v. State

RITA W. GRUBER, Judge.

| j Travis Smith appeals the revocation of his suspended sentence. He does not challenge the trial court’s finding that he possessed marijuana in violation of the conditions of his suspended imposition of sentence. His sole point on appeal is that the court erred in denying his motion for a mental examination. We affirm.

On February 14, 2005, Smith appeared in circuit court and pled guilty to possession of cocaine with intent to deliver. The court accepted his plea and sentenced him to a prison term followed by sixty months’ suspended imposition of sentence, subject to certain conditions. On May 5, 2009, the State filed a petition to revoke Smith’s suspended imposition of sentence, alleging that he had violated the condition that he not commit any criminal offense punishable by imprisonment. The allegation noted that officers had arrested Smith after finding him in possession of marijuana and drug paraphernalia, and that he had been 12charged with second-offense possession of marijuana and possession of drug paraphernalia.

On the morning of Smith’s January 19, 2010 revocation hearing, defense counsel made an oral motion that Smith be psychologically evaluated because of his questionable ability to assist in his defense. Pointing out a fist-sized dent on the side of Smith’s head, counsel explained that Smith said he had been hit by a train in 2007, was in a coma for a month afterward, and had memory problems so extreme that he could not remember yesterday’s occurrences or the event that led to the revocation petition. Counsel stated that Smith had been unable to come to counsel’s office and that they had talked only in the hallway. No documentary evidence was offered, nor was there testimony by Smith or any witnesses to support these claims.

The trial court noted that counsel had been appointed after the filing of the revocation petition the previous May; that a discovery motion had been made; that the case was continued on defense’s motion in July and set for October; that Smith was in the city jail in October and was brought into court; that Smith appeared with counsel; and that, again, the case was continued on a motion by the defense. The court found that Smith and his counsel apparently had been in contact on three or more occasions, and that his case had been set and continued on defense motions. The court stated that unless something had happened after the petition had been filed and was pending, it did not believe that good cause was provided for ordering a mental evaluation.

The motion for mental evaluation was denied, and the revocation hearing began [(¡immediately. Finding that Smith had violated conditions of his suspended imposition of sentence, the court granted the petition to revoke and pronounced sentence of thirty-six months’ imprisonment to be followed by sixty months’ suspended imposition of sentence.

Smith contends on appeal that he was not fit to proceed at the revocation hearing. He argues that he was unable to effectively assist his attorney in his defense because he could not remember what had happened and that his inability to assist rendered his constitutional right to an attorney valueless. He asserts that defense counsel is in the best position to know whether a defendant can provide assistance and is the only person who can evaluate, at least short term, whether there is a question about the defendant’s ability to assist in his own defense. This is simply not so under Arkansas statutes and case law.

Smith relies upon the following provisions of Ark.Code Ann. §§ 5-2-302, -304, and -305. Arkansas Code Annotated § 5-2-302 (Repl.2006) directs that a person lacking capacity to assist effectively in his or her own defense as a result of mental disease or defect shall not be tried, convicted, or sentenced for the commission of an offense while the incapacity endures. Section 5-2-304(a) (Repl.2006) requires a defendant intending to raise mental disease or defect as a defense in a prosecution or put in issue his or her fitness to proceed to notify the prosecutor and the court at the earliest practicable time. Section 5-2-305(a)(l)(B) and (C) (Supp.2009) mandates, subject to sections 5-2-304 and 5-2-311,1 immediate suspension of further prosecutorial proceedings if there is reason to believe that a defendant’s | ¿mental disease or defect will or has become an issue, or reason to doubt that the person is fit to proceed.

A defendant facing revocation must be accorded due process but is not entitled to all trial safeguards available to a person not yet convicted; the decision whether to provide a psychological evaluation to a revocation defendant, like the decision of entitlement to counsel, is made on a case-by-case basis. Pyland v. State, 302 Ark. 444, 790 S.W.2d 178 (1990). At the revocation hearing, defense counsel questioned Py-land’s ability to assist in the defense because of his medications, hallucinations, and psychiatric care; counsel then moved for a continuance to allow a mental evaluation. The Pyland court upheld the trial court’s denial of the motion, observing that Pyland gave lucid testimony, that he fully understood the event leading to the State’s petition to revoke, and that nothing had occurred at the hearing that contributed to counsel’s assertion that Pyland was unable to cooperate in his defense. Acknowledging Ake v. Oklahoma, 470 U.S. 68, 74, 105 S.Ct. 1087, 84 L.Ed.2d 53 (1985), the Pyland court stated that any “requirement of ... providing independent psychiatric help to determine at the time of ‘trial’ as well as competency at the time the offense was committed, does not apply to a proceeding that is not a part of a criminal trial.” 302 Ark. at 447, 790 S.W.2d at 179.2

Defense counsel’s motion for mental examination in the revocation case Lamance v. State, 89 Ark.App. 60, 200 S.W.3d 475 (2004), was based on an assertion that his client could anot assist in her own defense or understand the proceedings because her IQ was 78. Using an analysis virtually identical to that of Pyland, the trial court noted that Lamance testified lucidly and demonstrated an understanding of the nature of the proceedings and the possible consequences. We concluded that this testimony contradicted defense counsel’s assertions and that the trial court did not err in denying the motion.

Defense counsel did not request a mental-health examination on previous occasions when he addressed other motions in this case. Counsel’s statements about Smith’s mental health were based on a one-time conversation with him the morning of the revocation hearing and were not supported by anything else in the record. Counsel’s only assertions regarding Smith’s mental health were that Smith had no recollection of the offense that brought about the revocation and that Smith had extreme memory problems. A defendant alleging an inability to remember has failed to put his fitness to proceed in issue because lack of memory is not recognized as a mental disease or defect for which an accused is considered incompetent to stand trial. Lawrence v. State, 39 Ark.App. 39, 44, 839 S.W.2d 10, 13 (1992) (citing Rector v. State, 277 Ark. 17, 638 S.W.2d 672 (1982); Deason v. State, 263 Ark. 56, 562 S.W.2d 79 (1978)). The trial court thus had no reason to believe that Smith had a mental disease or defect and had no reason to doubt that Smith was fit to proceed; moreover, it’s good-cause-for-evaluation analysis comported with the requirements of Pyland and subsequent case law.

The trial court did not err in denying Smith’s motion for mental evaluation and | fiproceeding with the revocation hearing. See Hardaway v. State, 321 Ark. 576, 906 S.W.2d 288 (1995) (applying clearly erroneous standard to trial court’s setting a ease for trial without additional psychiatric examination).

Affirmed.

VAUGHT, C.J., and ROBBINS and HOOFMAN, JJ., agree. HART and BROWN, JJ., dissent.

. Ark.Code Ann. § 5-2-311, entitled "Incapacitated defendants, motions,” is not pertinent to the present case.

. In Ake the Supreme Court held that when an indigent defendant makes a preliminary showing that his sanity at the time of the offense is likely to be a significant factor at trial, a state must provide access to a psychiatrist’s assistance on this issue.