IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION ONE
In the Matter of the Estate of
No. 82678-6-I
RALPH E. BETTYS,
Deceased.
JOHN E. BETTYS,
Appellant,
v. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
KATHI MARIE TJEERDSMA,
Respondent.
VERELLEN, J. — In the midst of a probate proceeding, John Bettys challenges
the trial court’s determination that proceeds from the sale of certain real property
belong to a living trust and are not part of the decedent’s estate. Because probate is
ongoing and the estate is not closed, we conclude that the trial court’s ruling is not
appealable as a matter of right. Therefore, we dismiss the appeal as premature.
FACTS
In 1997, former spouses Ralph Bettys and Sylvia Bettys created the Bettys
Revocable Living Trust to put certain real property into trust for the benefit of their
four adult children: Shelia Tuff, Edwina King, Kathi Tjeerdsma, and John Bettys.
No. 82678-6-I/2
Ralph1 contributed his property at 9334 Padilla Heights Road in Anacortes to the
living trust, while Sylvia added her neighboring property at 9434 Padilla Heights
Road.
After Sylvia died in 2012, Ralph served as sole trustee of the living trust. In
2015, in his role as trustee, Ralph purported to convey the 9334 property to himself
by virtue of a quit claim deed with no consideration paid to the living trust. In 2020,
Ralph died testate and Kathi, the successor trustee, began to administer the living
trust.
In March 2020, the Skagit County Superior Court admitted Ralph’s last will and
testament of May 2015 to probate and appointed Kathi as personal representative of
his estate. Kathi then sold the 9334 property and paid the net sale proceeds of
$394,762.47 to the estate.
During the course of probate, John asserted that the 9334 property was part of
the estate and subject to a 50/50 division between Kathi and himself pursuant to the
terms of the will. Kathi, acting as personal representative, raised the question
whether the 2015 purported transfer by Ralph, as trustee, to himself individually was
valid. Accordingly, Kathi petitioned for an order resolving 12 issues concerning
various aspects of the probate, one of which included a determination “that the Deed
Ralph Bettys executed in 2015 was not a valid exercise of Trustor powers under the
Trust Agreement and that the proceeds from the 9334 Property should be distributed
in accordance with the Trust Agreement.”2
1 For clarity, we refer to the parties and other individuals by their first names.
2 Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 78.
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On March 12, 2021, the trial court heard oral argument on the parties’ various
requests in this probate proceeding. The court ruled on most of the issues raised,
subsequently entered a corresponding order, but reserved ruling on the validity of
Ralph’s transfer of the 9334 property until a later date.3
Following an April 14 hearing,4 on April 30, 2021, the trial court entered an
order that the living trust had not been revoked by Ralph, Ralph did not have the
authority to revoke the living trust or to transfer the 9334 property from the living trust
to himself and, therefore, the proceeds of the sale of the property were not an asset
of the estate but are subject to the living trust.
John, appearing pro se, appeals the April 30 order.5
ANALYSIS
John contends that the trial court made three errors in reaching its decision
regarding the 9334 property. He avers that the court (1) abused its discretion by
contravening the clear intent of the decedent during probate proceedings, (2) ignored
the real property’s title deeds in place at the time of Ralph’s death, and (3) failed to
properly interpret applicable law.
3At this hearing, there was no discussion of the living trust being involved in
proceedings under the Declaratory Judgments Act, chapter 7.24 RCW, or Trust and
Estate Dispute Resolution Act (TEDRA), chapter 11.96A RCW.
4 A transcript of the April 14 hearing was included in the record on appeal.
5Pro se litigants are held to the same standards as attorneys and must
comply with all procedural rules on appeal. In re Marriage of Olson, 69 Wn. App.
621, 626, 850 P.2d 527 (1993) (citing In re Marriage of Wherley, 34 Wn. App. 344,
349, 661 P.2d 155 (1983)).
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As a threshold matter, Kathi, as personal representative of the estate, moves
under RAP 17.4(d) to dismiss this appeal as premature.6 Kathi argues that “[t]he
order from which John Bettys purports to appeal is plainly not a final order disposing
of all parties and claims in the case and does not fit any other category from which an
appeal may be taken of right under RAP 2.2.”7 She also files a declaration, under
RAP 17.4(f), asserting that the probate remains open in the trial court and attaching
an August 2021 order from the ongoing proceedings. In response to this motion,
John asserts that “[t]his appeal is ripe wherefore upon completion Ralph’s [sic] assets
must be distributed even if appellant must obtain another Superior Court’s order to
require trust compliance and final trust distribution.”8
RAP 2.2(a)(1) provides that a party may appeal from a “final judgment entered
in any action or proceeding.” A “final judgment” is one that settles all the issues in a
case.9 The April 30 order at issue here is not a “judgment” for purposes of appeal.10
The record we have does not contain, nor do the parties reference, a final
accounting, an order approving a final distribution of the probate estate, or a
6“A party may include in a brief only a motion, which if granted, would
preclude hearing the case on the merits.” RAP 17.4(d).
7 Resp’t’s Br. at 10.
8 Appellant’s Reply Br. at 2.
9 Anderson & Middleton Lumber Co. v. Quinault Indian Nation, 79 Wn. App.
221, 225, 901 P.2d 1060 (1995) (“A final judgment is a judgment that ends the
litigation, leaving nothing for the court to do but execute the judgment.”); CR 54(a)(1)
(providing that a “judgment is the final determination of the rights of the parties in the
action”).
10Orders generally are not the equivalent of a final judgment or otherwise
appealable as a final determination of the rights of a party. Seattle-First Nat’l Bank v.
Marshall, 16 Wn. App. 503, 508, 557 P.2d 352 (1976).
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declaration of competition from the personal representative.11 It is evident that
probate of Ralph’s estate has not closed. Nor has John given us any authority
establishing that an order concluding that one asset is not part of the probate estate
is a final judgment or otherwise appealable as a matter of right under RAP 2.2.
Because the trial court’s April 30 order was not a final determination of the
rights of the parties, and such rights are subject to ongoing proceedings, it is not
appealable as a matter of right.
We dismiss the appeal as premature.
WE CONCUR:
11We note that the parties have not designated as part of the appellate record
a copy of the personal representative’s original petition commencing probate of
Ralph’s estate.
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