Rel: March 31, 2023
Notice: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the advance sheets of Southern Reporter.
Readers are requested to notify the Reporter of Decisions, Alabama Appellate Courts, 300 Dexter Avenue,
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ALABAMA COURT OF CIVIL APPEALS
OCTOBER TERM, 2022-2023
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CL-2023-0090
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Ex parte B.M.F.
PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDAMUS
(In re: Calhoun County Department of Human Resources
v.
B.M.F. and M.H.)
(Calhoun Circuit Court, JU-22-823.01)
FRIDY, Judge.
B.M.F. ("the mother") filed a petition for a writ of mandamus asking
this court to direct the Calhoun Circuit Court ("the juvenile court") to
vacate its order of January 25, 2023, that, among other things,
CL-2023-0090
determined that the Calhoun County District Attorney's office ("the DA's
office") had a right to take part in this matter and to vacate its order of
February 1, 2023, that, among other things, relieved the mother's
appointed attorney, Jennifer Wilkinson, from representing her. We
dismiss the petition insofar as it seeks to vacate the order granting the
DA's office the right to participate in this case. We deny the petition
insofar as it seeks to set aside the order relieving Wilkinson of her duty
to represent the mother.
Background
The materials submitted in support of and in opposition to the
mother's petition indicate that the Calhoun County Department of
Human Resources ("DHR") initiated a dependency action on September
16, 2022, after receiving a report that the mother's child ("the child") had
been admitted to Children's Hospital with a skull fracture and swollen
eyes. The juvenile court entered an order appointing Wilkinson as the
mother's attorney "for shelter care purposes only." At the shelter-care
hearing, the juvenile court awarded DHR custody of the child.
The mother was later arrested and charged with aggravated child
abuse in connection with the child's injuries. On December 12, 2022, the
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juvenile court adjudicated the child dependent and placed the child in
DHR's custody. On December 21, 2022, the mother was released from jail
and contacted DHR about visiting the child. A DHR supervisor responded
to the mother, telling her that the DA's office had "invoked DA Protocol"
and, therefore, the mother was not permitted to visit the child.
On January 3, 2023, the mother filed a motion for a hearing on the
"DA Protocol." On January 25, 2023, after a hearing on that motion, the
juvenile court entered an order stating that the DA had a right to be a
part of any individualized-service-plan ("ISP") team and to offer input
about whether the mother could receive visitation.
On February 1, 2023, as part of an order relieving DHR of its duty
to make reasonable efforts toward reunification between the mother and
the child, the juvenile court relieved Wilkinson from serving as the
mother's attorney, except for appellate purposes. On February 14, 2023,
the mother filed her petition for a writ of mandamus in this court. That
same day, the juvenile court entered an order setting aside the initial
order allowing the DA's office to participate in ISP meetings. Three days
later, on February 17, 2023, the juvenile court entered a notice of right to
counsel, advising the mother that she had a right to an attorney in a
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dependency action "if indigent" and "if requested." The juvenile court
observed that the mother had never filed an application for indigent
status and had not requested the appointment of an attorney to represent
her in the dependency action.
Analysis
The mother contends that the juvenile court abused its discretion
in determining that the DA's office had a right to take part in ISP
meetings and to have input into whether the mother could visit the child.
The juvenile court subsequently set aside the order making that
determination, rendering this issue moot. Ex parte Dumas, 259 So. 3d
669, 672 (Ala. Civ. App. 2018).
The mother also contends that the juvenile court erred in relieving
Wilkinson of her representation of her in the dependency action, except
for appellate purposes. To obtain a writ of mandamus, the mother must
demonstrate (1) that she has a clear legal right to the order sought; (2)
an imperative duty upon the trial court to perform, accompanied by a
refusal to do so; (3) the lack of another adequate remedy; and (4) the
properly invoked jurisdiction of the court. Ex parte Integon Corp., 672 So.
2d 497, 499 (Ala. 1995).
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As the juvenile court points out in its answer to the mother's
petition, in a dependency action, the parent must be notified of his or her
right to be represented by an attorney, and, if a juvenile court determines
that the parent is indigent, it must appoint an attorney if the parent "is
unable for financial reasons to retain his or her own counsel." § 12-15-
305(b), Ala. Code 1975. The order appointing Wilkinson to represent the
mother made clear that the appointment was for the shelter-care hearing
only. Nothing in the materials submitted to us indicates that the mother
presented the juvenile court with evidence of indigency entitling her to
continued representation by appointed counsel.
Under Rule 21(a)(1)(F), Ala. R. App. P., the mother was required to
submit "all parts of the record that are essential to understanding the
matters set forth in the petition," which, in this case, would include any
documents demonstrating that she had applied for indigent status or
otherwise showing that she was indigent. Because the materials before
us do not show that the mother made such a showing to the juvenile
court, we hold that she failed to demonstrate that she had a clear legal
right to the relief she requests.
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Moreover, the mother has an adequate remedy to obtain appointed
counsel. Rather than seek a writ of mandamus directing the juvenile
court to vacate the order relieving Wilkinson of her appointment to
represent the mother, the mother may make the required showing of
indigency upon which the juvenile court can act.
For these reasons, insofar as the mother seeks to have the juvenile
court's order of January 25, 2023, allowing the DA's office to take part in
the ISP meetings, the petition is moot. Insofar as the mother seeks to
have the juvenile court set aside its order relieving Wilkinson of her
appointment to represent the mother in the dependency action, the
petition is denied.
PETITION DISMISSED AS MOOT IN PART; DENIED IN PART.
Thompson, P.J., and Moore, Edwards, and Hanson, JJ., concur.
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